Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Skeletal Radiology 9/2011

01-09-2011 | Special Issue: Jubilee

The evolution of articular cartilage imaging and its impact on clinical practice

Authors: Carl S. Winalski, Prabhakar Rajiah

Published in: Skeletal Radiology | Issue 9/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Over the past four decades, articular cartilage imaging has developed rapidly. Imaging now plays a critical role not only in clinical practice and therapeutic decisions but also in the basic research probing our understanding of cartilage physiology and biomechanics.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Darracott J, Vernon-Roberts B. The bony changes in “chondromalacia patellae”. Rheumatol Phys Med. 1971;11(4):175–9.PubMed Darracott J, Vernon-Roberts B. The bony changes in “chondromalacia patellae”. Rheumatol Phys Med. 1971;11(4):175–9.PubMed
2.
go back to reference Li KC, Henkelman RM, Poon PY, Rubenstein J. MR imaging of the normal knee. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1984;8(6):1147–54.PubMed Li KC, Henkelman RM, Poon PY, Rubenstein J. MR imaging of the normal knee. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1984;8(6):1147–54.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Altman RD, Gold GE. Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis, revised. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007; 15 Suppl A:A1-56.PubMed Altman RD, Gold GE. Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis, revised. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007; 15 Suppl A:A1-56.PubMed
5.
go back to reference Murphy Jr WA, Altman RD. Updated osteoarthritis reference standard. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1995;43:56–9.PubMed Murphy Jr WA, Altman RD. Updated osteoarthritis reference standard. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1995;43:56–9.PubMed
6.
go back to reference Altman RD, Hochberg M, Murphy WA Jr, Wolfe F, Lequesne M. Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1995; 3 Suppl A:3–70.PubMed Altman RD, Hochberg M, Murphy WA Jr, Wolfe F, Lequesne M. Atlas of individual radiographic features in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1995; 3 Suppl A:3–70.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Spector TD, Cooper C, Cushnighan J, Hart DJ, Dieppe PA. A Radiographic Atlas of Knee Osteoarthritis. London: Springer Verlag; 1992. Spector TD, Cooper C, Cushnighan J, Hart DJ, Dieppe PA. A Radiographic Atlas of Knee Osteoarthritis. London: Springer Verlag; 1992.
8.
go back to reference Ahlback S. Osteoarthrosis of the knee. A radiographic investigation. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1968:Suppl 277:277–2. Ahlback S. Osteoarthrosis of the knee. A radiographic investigation. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1968:Suppl 277:277–2.
9.
go back to reference Altman RD, Fries JF, Bloch DA, Carstens J, Cooke TD, Genant H, et al. Radiographic assessment of progression in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1987;30(11):1214–25.PubMed Altman RD, Fries JF, Bloch DA, Carstens J, Cooke TD, Genant H, et al. Radiographic assessment of progression in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1987;30(11):1214–25.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Verbruggen G, Veys EM. Numerical scoring systems for the anatomic evolution of osteoarthritis of the finger joints. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39(2):308–20.PubMed Verbruggen G, Veys EM. Numerical scoring systems for the anatomic evolution of osteoarthritis of the finger joints. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39(2):308–20.PubMed
11.
go back to reference Verbruggen G, Veys EM. Erosive and non-erosive hand osteoarthritis. Use and limitations of two scoring systems. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000; 8 Suppl A:S45-54.PubMed Verbruggen G, Veys EM. Erosive and non-erosive hand osteoarthritis. Use and limitations of two scoring systems. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000; 8 Suppl A:S45-54.PubMed
12.
go back to reference Scott Jr WW, Lethbridge-Cejku M, Reichle R, Wigley FM, Tobin JD, Hochberg MC. Reliability of grading scales for individual radiographic features of osteoarthritis of the knee. The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Atlas of Knee Osteoarthritis. Invest Radiol. 1993;28(6):497–501.PubMed Scott Jr WW, Lethbridge-Cejku M, Reichle R, Wigley FM, Tobin JD, Hochberg MC. Reliability of grading scales for individual radiographic features of osteoarthritis of the knee. The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Atlas of Knee Osteoarthritis. Invest Radiol. 1993;28(6):497–501.PubMed
13.
go back to reference Croft P. An introduction to the Atlas of Standard Radiographs of Arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005; 44 Suppl 4:iv42.PubMed Croft P. An introduction to the Atlas of Standard Radiographs of Arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005; 44 Suppl 4:iv42.PubMed
14.
go back to reference Nagaosa Y, Mateus M, Hassan B, Lanyon P, Doherty M. Development of a logically devised line drawing atlas for grading of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(8):587–95.PubMedPubMedCentral Nagaosa Y, Mateus M, Hassan B, Lanyon P, Doherty M. Development of a logically devised line drawing atlas for grading of knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(8):587–95.PubMedPubMedCentral
15.
go back to reference Rosenberg TD, Paulos LE, Parker RD, Coward DB, Scott SM. The forty-five-degree posteroanterior flexion weight-bearing radiograph of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1988;70(10):1479–83.PubMed Rosenberg TD, Paulos LE, Parker RD, Coward DB, Scott SM. The forty-five-degree posteroanterior flexion weight-bearing radiograph of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1988;70(10):1479–83.PubMed
16.
go back to reference Peterfy C, Li J, Zaim S, Duryea J, Lynch J, Miaux Y, et al. Comparison of fixed-flexion positioning with fluoroscopic semi-flexed positioning for quantifying radiographic joint-space width in the knee: test-retest reproducibility. Skeletal Radiol. 2003;32(3):128–32.PubMed Peterfy C, Li J, Zaim S, Duryea J, Lynch J, Miaux Y, et al. Comparison of fixed-flexion positioning with fluoroscopic semi-flexed positioning for quantifying radiographic joint-space width in the knee: test-retest reproducibility. Skeletal Radiol. 2003;32(3):128–32.PubMed
17.
go back to reference Buckland-Wright JC, Ward RJ, Peterfy C, Mojcik CF, Leff RL. Reproducibility of the semiflexed (metatarsophalangeal) radiographic knee position and automated measurements of medial tibiofemoral joint space width in a multicenter clinical trial of knee osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(8):1588–97.PubMed Buckland-Wright JC, Ward RJ, Peterfy C, Mojcik CF, Leff RL. Reproducibility of the semiflexed (metatarsophalangeal) radiographic knee position and automated measurements of medial tibiofemoral joint space width in a multicenter clinical trial of knee osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(8):1588–97.PubMed
18.
go back to reference Buckland-Wright JC. Advances in the radiological assessment of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1983;22(3 Suppl):34–43.PubMed Buckland-Wright JC. Advances in the radiological assessment of rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol. 1983;22(3 Suppl):34–43.PubMed
19.
go back to reference Buckland-Wright JC, Carmichael I, Walker SR. Quantitative microfocal radiography accurately detects joint changes in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986;45(5):379–83.PubMedPubMedCentral Buckland-Wright JC, Carmichael I, Walker SR. Quantitative microfocal radiography accurately detects joint changes in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1986;45(5):379–83.PubMedPubMedCentral
20.
go back to reference Jonsson K, Fredin HO, Cederlund CG, Bauer M. Width of the normal ankle joint. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1984;25(2):147–9. Jonsson K, Fredin HO, Cederlund CG, Bauer M. Width of the normal ankle joint. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1984;25(2):147–9.
21.
go back to reference Pogrund H, Bloom R, Mogle P. The normal width of the adult hip joint: the relationship to age, sex, and obesity. Skeletal Radiol. 1983;10(1):10–2.PubMed Pogrund H, Bloom R, Mogle P. The normal width of the adult hip joint: the relationship to age, sex, and obesity. Skeletal Radiol. 1983;10(1):10–2.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Buckland-Wright C. Protocols for precise radio-anatomical positioning of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compartments of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1995; 3 Suppl A:71–80.PubMed Buckland-Wright C. Protocols for precise radio-anatomical positioning of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compartments of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1995; 3 Suppl A:71–80.PubMed
23.
go back to reference Ravaud P, Auleley GR, Chastang C, Rousselin B, Paolozzi L, Amor B, et al. Knee joint space width measurement: an experimental study of the influence of radiographic procedure and joint positioning. Br J Rheumatol. 1996;35(8):761–6.PubMed Ravaud P, Auleley GR, Chastang C, Rousselin B, Paolozzi L, Amor B, et al. Knee joint space width measurement: an experimental study of the influence of radiographic procedure and joint positioning. Br J Rheumatol. 1996;35(8):761–6.PubMed
24.
go back to reference Buckland-Wright JC, Wolfe F, Ward RJ, Flowers N, Hayne C. Substantial superiority of semiflexed (MTP) views in knee osteoarthritis: a comparative radiographic study, without fluoroscopy, of standing extended, semiflexed (MTP), and schuss views. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(12):2664–74.PubMed Buckland-Wright JC, Wolfe F, Ward RJ, Flowers N, Hayne C. Substantial superiority of semiflexed (MTP) views in knee osteoarthritis: a comparative radiographic study, without fluoroscopy, of standing extended, semiflexed (MTP), and schuss views. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(12):2664–74.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Auleley GR, Duche A, Drape JL, Dougados M, Ravaud P. Measurement of joint space width in hip osteoarthritis: influence of joint positioning and radiographic procedure. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001;40(4):414–9. Auleley GR, Duche A, Drape JL, Dougados M, Ravaud P. Measurement of joint space width in hip osteoarthritis: influence of joint positioning and radiographic procedure. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001;40(4):414–9.
26.
go back to reference Mazzuca SA, Brandt KD, Buckwalter KA, Lane KA, Katz BP. Field test of the reproducibility of the semiflexed metatarsophalangeal view in repeated radiographic examinations of subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(1):109–13.PubMed Mazzuca SA, Brandt KD, Buckwalter KA, Lane KA, Katz BP. Field test of the reproducibility of the semiflexed metatarsophalangeal view in repeated radiographic examinations of subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(1):109–13.PubMed
27.
go back to reference Wolfe F, Lane NE, Buckland-Wright C. Radiographic methods in knee osteoarthritis: a further comparison of semiflexed (MTP), schuss-tunnel, and weight-bearing anteroposterior views for joint space narrowing and osteophytes. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(12):2597–601.PubMed Wolfe F, Lane NE, Buckland-Wright C. Radiographic methods in knee osteoarthritis: a further comparison of semiflexed (MTP), schuss-tunnel, and weight-bearing anteroposterior views for joint space narrowing and osteophytes. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(12):2597–601.PubMed
28.
go back to reference Charles HC, Kraus VB, Ainslie M. Hellio Le Graverand-Gastineau MP. Optimization of the fixed-flexion knee radiograph. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(11):1221–4.PubMed Charles HC, Kraus VB, Ainslie M. Hellio Le Graverand-Gastineau MP. Optimization of the fixed-flexion knee radiograph. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(11):1221–4.PubMed
29.
go back to reference Nevitt MC, Peterfy C, Guermazi A, Felson DT, Duryea J, Woodworth T, et al. Longitudinal performance evaluation and validation of fixed-flexion radiography of the knee for detection of joint space loss. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(5):1512–20.PubMed Nevitt MC, Peterfy C, Guermazi A, Felson DT, Duryea J, Woodworth T, et al. Longitudinal performance evaluation and validation of fixed-flexion radiography of the knee for detection of joint space loss. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(5):1512–20.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Conaghan PG, Hunter DJ, Maillefert JF, Reichmann WM, Losina E. Summary and recommendations of the OARSI FDA osteoarthritis Assessment of Structural Change Working Group. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011;19(5):606–10.PubMedPubMedCentral Conaghan PG, Hunter DJ, Maillefert JF, Reichmann WM, Losina E. Summary and recommendations of the OARSI FDA osteoarthritis Assessment of Structural Change Working Group. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011;19(5):606–10.PubMedPubMedCentral
31.
go back to reference Buckland-Wright JC, Macfarlane DG, Williams SA, Ward RJ. Accuracy and precision of joint space width measurements in standard and macroradiographs of osteoarthritic knees. Ann Rheum Dis. 1995;54(11):872–80.PubMedPubMedCentral Buckland-Wright JC, Macfarlane DG, Williams SA, Ward RJ. Accuracy and precision of joint space width measurements in standard and macroradiographs of osteoarthritic knees. Ann Rheum Dis. 1995;54(11):872–80.PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
go back to reference Mazzuca SA, Brandt KD, Buckland-Wright JC, Buckwalter KA, Katz BP, Lynch JA, et al. Field test of the reproducibility of automated measurements of medial tibiofemoral joint space width derived from standardized knee radiographs. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(6):1359–65.PubMed Mazzuca SA, Brandt KD, Buckland-Wright JC, Buckwalter KA, Katz BP, Lynch JA, et al. Field test of the reproducibility of automated measurements of medial tibiofemoral joint space width derived from standardized knee radiographs. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(6):1359–65.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Duryea J, Li J, Peterfy CG, Gordon C, Genant HK. Trainable rule-based algorithm for the measurement of joint space width in digital radiographic images of the knee. Med Phys. 2000;27(3):580–91.PubMed Duryea J, Li J, Peterfy CG, Gordon C, Genant HK. Trainable rule-based algorithm for the measurement of joint space width in digital radiographic images of the knee. Med Phys. 2000;27(3):580–91.PubMed
34.
go back to reference Gordon CL, Wu C, Peterfy CG, Li J, Duryea J, Klifa C, et al. Automated measurement of radiographic hip joint-space width. Med Phys. 2001;28(2):267–77.PubMed Gordon CL, Wu C, Peterfy CG, Li J, Duryea J, Klifa C, et al. Automated measurement of radiographic hip joint-space width. Med Phys. 2001;28(2):267–77.PubMed
35.
go back to reference Duryea J, Zaim S, Genant HK. New radiographic-based surrogate outcome measures for osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003;11(2):102–10.PubMed Duryea J, Zaim S, Genant HK. New radiographic-based surrogate outcome measures for osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003;11(2):102–10.PubMed
36.
go back to reference Wilbrand H, Engkvist O. Radiography in joint reconstruction with perichondrial grafts. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1979;20(6):967–76. Wilbrand H, Engkvist O. Radiography in joint reconstruction with perichondrial grafts. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh). 1979;20(6):967–76.
37.
go back to reference Roffman M, Barmeir E, Dubowitz B. Mendes DG. Solomon L. The role of computed tomography in the management of osteochondral grafts. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;166:112–6. Roffman M, Barmeir E, Dubowitz B. Mendes DG. Solomon L. The role of computed tomography in the management of osteochondral grafts. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;166:112–6.
38.
go back to reference Wagner A. Is pneumo-arthrography necessary for the diagnosis of meniscus lesions? Acta Radiol. 1952;37(3–4):399–400.PubMed Wagner A. Is pneumo-arthrography necessary for the diagnosis of meniscus lesions? Acta Radiol. 1952;37(3–4):399–400.PubMed
39.
go back to reference Horns JW. Single contrast knee arthrography in abnormalities of the articular cartilage. Radiology. 1972;105(3):537–40.PubMed Horns JW. Single contrast knee arthrography in abnormalities of the articular cartilage. Radiology. 1972;105(3):537–40.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Staple TW. Extrameniscal lesions demonstrated by double-contrast arthrography of the knee. Radiology. 1972;102(2):311–9.PubMed Staple TW. Extrameniscal lesions demonstrated by double-contrast arthrography of the knee. Radiology. 1972;102(2):311–9.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Buckland-Wright JC, Macfarlane DG, Lynch JA, Jasani MK, Bradshaw CR. Joint space width measures cartilage thickness in osteoarthritis of the knee: high resolution plain film and double contrast macroradiographic investigation. Ann Rheum Dis. 1995;54(4):263–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Buckland-Wright JC, Macfarlane DG, Lynch JA, Jasani MK, Bradshaw CR. Joint space width measures cartilage thickness in osteoarthritis of the knee: high resolution plain film and double contrast macroradiographic investigation. Ann Rheum Dis. 1995;54(4):263–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
42.
go back to reference Spring MW, Buckland-Wright JC. Contrast medium inhibition in osteoarthritic cartilage. Br J Radiol. 1990;63(754):823–5.PubMed Spring MW, Buckland-Wright JC. Contrast medium inhibition in osteoarthritic cartilage. Br J Radiol. 1990;63(754):823–5.PubMed
43.
go back to reference Ihara H. Double-contrast CT, arthrography of the cartilage of the patellofemoral joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;198:50–5. Ihara H. Double-contrast CT, arthrography of the cartilage of the patellofemoral joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985;198:50–5.
44.
go back to reference Heare MM, Gillespy 3rd T, Bittar ES. Direct coronal computed tomography arthrography of osteochondritis dissecans of the talus. Skeletal Radiol. 1988;17(3):187–9.PubMed Heare MM, Gillespy 3rd T, Bittar ES. Direct coronal computed tomography arthrography of osteochondritis dissecans of the talus. Skeletal Radiol. 1988;17(3):187–9.PubMed
45.
go back to reference Vande Berg BC, Lecouvet FE, Poilvache P, Maldague B, Malghem J. Spiral CT arthrography of the knee: technique and value in the assessment of internal derangement of the knee. Eur Radiol. 2002;12(7):1800–10.PubMed Vande Berg BC, Lecouvet FE, Poilvache P, Maldague B, Malghem J. Spiral CT arthrography of the knee: technique and value in the assessment of internal derangement of the knee. Eur Radiol. 2002;12(7):1800–10.PubMed
46.
go back to reference Bansal PN, Joshi NS, Entezari V, Malone BC, Stewart RC, Snyder BD, et al. Cationic contrast agents improve quantification of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content by contrast enhanced CT imaging of cartilage. J Orthop Res. 2010. Bansal PN, Joshi NS, Entezari V, Malone BC, Stewart RC, Snyder BD, et al. Cationic contrast agents improve quantification of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content by contrast enhanced CT imaging of cartilage. J Orthop Res. 2010.
47.
go back to reference Xie L, Lin AS, Guldberg RE, Levenston ME. Nondestructive assessment of sGAG content and distribution in normal and degraded rat articular cartilage via EPIC-microCT. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 18(1):65–72. Xie L, Lin AS, Guldberg RE, Levenston ME. Nondestructive assessment of sGAG content and distribution in normal and degraded rat articular cartilage via EPIC-microCT. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 18(1):65–72.
48.
go back to reference Kallioniemi AS, Jurvelin JS, Nieminen MT, Lammi MJ, Toyras J. Contrast agent enhanced pQCT of articular cartilage. Phys Med Biol. 2007;52(4):1209–19.PubMed Kallioniemi AS, Jurvelin JS, Nieminen MT, Lammi MJ, Toyras J. Contrast agent enhanced pQCT of articular cartilage. Phys Med Biol. 2007;52(4):1209–19.PubMed
49.
go back to reference Joshi NS, Bansal PN, Stewart RC, Snyder BD, Grinstaff MW. Effect of contrast agent charge on visualization of articular cartilage using computed tomography: exploiting electrostatic interactions for improved sensitivity. J Am Chem Soc. 2009;131(37):13234–5.PubMed Joshi NS, Bansal PN, Stewart RC, Snyder BD, Grinstaff MW. Effect of contrast agent charge on visualization of articular cartilage using computed tomography: exploiting electrostatic interactions for improved sensitivity. J Am Chem Soc. 2009;131(37):13234–5.PubMed
50.
go back to reference Taylor C, Carballido-Gamio J, Majumdar S, Li X. Comparison of quantitative imaging of cartilage for osteoarthritis: T2, T1rho, dGEMRIC and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;27(6):779–84.PubMedPubMedCentral Taylor C, Carballido-Gamio J, Majumdar S, Li X. Comparison of quantitative imaging of cartilage for osteoarthritis: T2, T1rho, dGEMRIC and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;27(6):779–84.PubMedPubMedCentral
51.
go back to reference Tepic S, Macirowski T, Mann RW. Mechanical properties of articular cartilage elucidated by osmotic loading and ultrasound. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1983;80(11):3331–3.PubMedPubMedCentral Tepic S, Macirowski T, Mann RW. Mechanical properties of articular cartilage elucidated by osmotic loading and ultrasound. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1983;80(11):3331–3.PubMedPubMedCentral
52.
go back to reference Weigel JP, Cartee RE, Marich KW. Preliminary study on the use of ultrasonic transmission imaging to evaluate the hip joint in the immature dog. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1983;9(4):371–8.PubMed Weigel JP, Cartee RE, Marich KW. Preliminary study on the use of ultrasonic transmission imaging to evaluate the hip joint in the immature dog. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1983;9(4):371–8.PubMed
53.
go back to reference Aisen AM, McCune WJ, MacGuire A, Carson PL, Silver TM, Jafri SZ, et al. Sonographic evaluation of the cartilage of the knee. Radiology. 1984;153(3):781–4.PubMed Aisen AM, McCune WJ, MacGuire A, Carson PL, Silver TM, Jafri SZ, et al. Sonographic evaluation of the cartilage of the knee. Radiology. 1984;153(3):781–4.PubMed
54.
go back to reference Buckwalter JA. Articular cartilage injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;402:21–37. Buckwalter JA. Articular cartilage injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;402:21–37.
55.
go back to reference Peterfy CG, Guermazi A, Zaim S, Tirman PF, Miaux Y, White D, et al. Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) of the knee in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2004;12(3):177–90.PubMed Peterfy CG, Guermazi A, Zaim S, Tirman PF, Miaux Y, White D, et al. Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) of the knee in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2004;12(3):177–90.PubMed
56.
go back to reference Hunter DJ, Lo GH, Gale D, Grainger AJ, Guermazi A, Conaghan PG. The reliability of a new scoring system for knee osteoarthritis MRI and the validity of bone marrow lesion assessment: BLOKS (Boston Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score). Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(2):206–11.PubMed Hunter DJ, Lo GH, Gale D, Grainger AJ, Guermazi A, Conaghan PG. The reliability of a new scoring system for knee osteoarthritis MRI and the validity of bone marrow lesion assessment: BLOKS (Boston Leeds Osteoarthritis Knee Score). Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(2):206–11.PubMed
57.
go back to reference Drape JL, Pessis E, Auleley GR, Chevrot A, Dougados M, Ayral X. Quantitative MR imaging evaluation of chondropathy in osteoarthritic knees. Radiology. 1998;208(1):49–55.PubMed Drape JL, Pessis E, Auleley GR, Chevrot A, Dougados M, Ayral X. Quantitative MR imaging evaluation of chondropathy in osteoarthritic knees. Radiology. 1998;208(1):49–55.PubMed
58.
go back to reference Biswal S, Hastie T, Andriacchi TP, Bergman GA, Dillingham MF, Lang P. Risk factors for progressive cartilage loss in the knee: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study in forty-three patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(11):2884–92.PubMed Biswal S, Hastie T, Andriacchi TP, Bergman GA, Dillingham MF, Lang P. Risk factors for progressive cartilage loss in the knee: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study in forty-three patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46(11):2884–92.PubMed
59.
go back to reference Eckstein F, Westhoff J, Sittek H, Maag KP, Haubner M, Faber S, et al. In vivo reproducibility of three-dimensional cartilage volume and thickness measurements with MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170(3):593–7.PubMed Eckstein F, Westhoff J, Sittek H, Maag KP, Haubner M, Faber S, et al. In vivo reproducibility of three-dimensional cartilage volume and thickness measurements with MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170(3):593–7.PubMed
60.
go back to reference Peterfy CG, van Dijke CF, Janzen DL, Gluer CC, Namba R, Majumdar S, et al. Quantification of articular cartilage in the knee with pulsed saturation transfer subtraction and fat-suppressed MR imaging: optimization and validation. Radiology. 1994;192(2):485–91.PubMed Peterfy CG, van Dijke CF, Janzen DL, Gluer CC, Namba R, Majumdar S, et al. Quantification of articular cartilage in the knee with pulsed saturation transfer subtraction and fat-suppressed MR imaging: optimization and validation. Radiology. 1994;192(2):485–91.PubMed
61.
go back to reference Duryea J, Neumann G, Brem MH, Koh W, Noorbakhsh F, Jackson RD, et al. Novel fast semi-automated software to segment cartilage for knee MR acquisitions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(5):487–92.PubMed Duryea J, Neumann G, Brem MH, Koh W, Noorbakhsh F, Jackson RD, et al. Novel fast semi-automated software to segment cartilage for knee MR acquisitions. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(5):487–92.PubMed
62.
go back to reference Raynauld JP, Kauffmann C, Beaudoin G, Berthiaume MJ, de Guise JA, Bloch DA, et al. Reliability of a quantification imaging system using magnetic resonance images to measure cartilage thickness and volume in human normal and osteoarthritic knees. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003;11(5):351–60.PubMed Raynauld JP, Kauffmann C, Beaudoin G, Berthiaume MJ, de Guise JA, Bloch DA, et al. Reliability of a quantification imaging system using magnetic resonance images to measure cartilage thickness and volume in human normal and osteoarthritic knees. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003;11(5):351–60.PubMed
63.
go back to reference Cicuttini F, Forbes A, Morris K, Darling S, Bailey M, Stuckey S. Gender differences in knee cartilage volume as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999;7(3):265–71.PubMed Cicuttini F, Forbes A, Morris K, Darling S, Bailey M, Stuckey S. Gender differences in knee cartilage volume as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999;7(3):265–71.PubMed
64.
go back to reference Lee KY, Dunn TC, Steinbach LS, Ozhinsky E, Ries MD, Majumdar S. Computer-aided quantification of focal cartilage lesions of osteoarthritic knee using MRI. Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;22(8):1105–15.PubMed Lee KY, Dunn TC, Steinbach LS, Ozhinsky E, Ries MD, Majumdar S. Computer-aided quantification of focal cartilage lesions of osteoarthritic knee using MRI. Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;22(8):1105–15.PubMed
65.
go back to reference Bae KT, Shim H, Tao C, Chang S, Wang JH, Boudreau R, et al. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of volume measurement of knee cartilage segmented from the OAI MR image set using a novel semi-automated segmentation method. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009;17(12):1589–97.PubMedPubMedCentral Bae KT, Shim H, Tao C, Chang S, Wang JH, Boudreau R, et al. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of volume measurement of knee cartilage segmented from the OAI MR image set using a novel semi-automated segmentation method. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009;17(12):1589–97.PubMedPubMedCentral
66.
go back to reference Le Graverand-Gastineau MP. Disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs: facing development challenges and choosing molecular targets. Curr Drug Targets. 11(5):528–535. Le Graverand-Gastineau MP. Disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs: facing development challenges and choosing molecular targets. Curr Drug Targets. 11(5):528–535.
67.
go back to reference Pelletier JP, Raynauld JP, Caron J, Mineau F, Abram F, Dorais M, et al. Decrease in serum level of matrix metalloproteinases is predictive of the disease-modifying effect of osteoarthritis drugs assessed by quantitative MRI in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(12):2095–101.PubMed Pelletier JP, Raynauld JP, Caron J, Mineau F, Abram F, Dorais M, et al. Decrease in serum level of matrix metalloproteinases is predictive of the disease-modifying effect of osteoarthritis drugs assessed by quantitative MRI in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(12):2095–101.PubMed
68.
go back to reference Raynauld JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Abram F, Dorais M, Haraoui B, Choquette D, et al. Analysis of the precision and sensitivity to change of different approaches to assess cartilage loss by quantitative MRI in a longitudinal multicentre clinical trial in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(6):R129.PubMedPubMedCentral Raynauld JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Abram F, Dorais M, Haraoui B, Choquette D, et al. Analysis of the precision and sensitivity to change of different approaches to assess cartilage loss by quantitative MRI in a longitudinal multicentre clinical trial in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(6):R129.PubMedPubMedCentral
69.
go back to reference Welsch GH, Zak L, Mamisch TC, Resinger C, Marlovits S, Trattnig S. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score assessed with an isotropic three-dimensional true fast imaging with steady-state precession sequence at 3.0 Tesla. Invest Radiol. 2009;44(9):603–12.PubMed Welsch GH, Zak L, Mamisch TC, Resinger C, Marlovits S, Trattnig S. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score assessed with an isotropic three-dimensional true fast imaging with steady-state precession sequence at 3.0 Tesla. Invest Radiol. 2009;44(9):603–12.PubMed
70.
go back to reference Trattnig S, Winalski CS, Marlovits S, Jurvelin JS, Welsch GH, Potter HG. Magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage repair: a review. Cartilage. 2011;2:5–26.PubMedPubMedCentral Trattnig S, Winalski CS, Marlovits S, Jurvelin JS, Welsch GH, Potter HG. Magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage repair: a review. Cartilage. 2011;2:5–26.PubMedPubMedCentral
71.
go back to reference Marlovits S, Singer P, Zeller P, Mandl I, Haller J, Trattnig S. Magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) for the evaluation of autologous chondrocyte transplantation: determination of interobserver variability and correlation to clinical outcome after 2 years. Eur J Radiol. 2006;57(1):16–23.PubMed Marlovits S, Singer P, Zeller P, Mandl I, Haller J, Trattnig S. Magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) for the evaluation of autologous chondrocyte transplantation: determination of interobserver variability and correlation to clinical outcome after 2 years. Eur J Radiol. 2006;57(1):16–23.PubMed
72.
go back to reference Alparslan L, Winalski CS, Boutin RD, Minas T. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage repair. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2001;5(4):345–63.PubMed Alparslan L, Winalski CS, Boutin RD, Minas T. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage repair. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2001;5(4):345–63.PubMed
73.
go back to reference Winalski CS, Minas T. Evaluation of chondral injuries by magnetic resonance imaging: repair assessments. Op Tech Sports Med. 2000;8:108–19. Winalski CS, Minas T. Evaluation of chondral injuries by magnetic resonance imaging: repair assessments. Op Tech Sports Med. 2000;8:108–19.
74.
go back to reference Moisio K, Eckstein F, Chmiel JS, Guermazi A, Prasad P, Almagor O, et al. Denuded subchondral bone and knee pain in persons with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(12):3703–10.PubMedPubMedCentral Moisio K, Eckstein F, Chmiel JS, Guermazi A, Prasad P, Almagor O, et al. Denuded subchondral bone and knee pain in persons with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(12):3703–10.PubMedPubMedCentral
75.
go back to reference Rubin DA, Harner CD, Costello JM. Treatable chondral injuries in the knee: frequency of associated focal subchondral edema. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;174(4):1099–106.PubMed Rubin DA, Harner CD, Costello JM. Treatable chondral injuries in the knee: frequency of associated focal subchondral edema. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;174(4):1099–106.PubMed
76.
go back to reference Levy AS, Lohnes J, Sculley S, LeCroy M, Garrett W. Chondral delamination of the knee in soccer players. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(5):634–9.PubMed Levy AS, Lohnes J, Sculley S, LeCroy M, Garrett W. Chondral delamination of the knee in soccer players. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(5):634–9.PubMed
77.
go back to reference Beaule PE, Zaragoza E, Copelan N. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium arthrography to assess acetabular cartilage delamination. A report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004; 86-A(10):2294–2298.PubMed Beaule PE, Zaragoza E, Copelan N. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium arthrography to assess acetabular cartilage delamination. A report of four cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004; 86-A(10):2294–2298.PubMed
78.
go back to reference Winalski CS, Gupta KB. Magnetic resonance imaging of focal articular cartilage lesions. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;14(2):131–44.PubMed Winalski CS, Gupta KB. Magnetic resonance imaging of focal articular cartilage lesions. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;14(2):131–44.PubMed
79.
go back to reference Kendell SD, Helms CA, Rampton JW, Garrett WE, Higgins LD. MRI appearance of chondral delamination injuries of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184(5):1486–9.PubMed Kendell SD, Helms CA, Rampton JW, Garrett WE, Higgins LD. MRI appearance of chondral delamination injuries of the knee. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184(5):1486–9.PubMed
80.
go back to reference Alparslan L, Minas T, Winalski CS. Magnetic resonance imaging of autologous chondrocyte implantation. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2001;22(4):341–51.PubMed Alparslan L, Minas T, Winalski CS. Magnetic resonance imaging of autologous chondrocyte implantation. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2001;22(4):341–51.PubMed
81.
go back to reference Azer NM, Winalski CS, Minas T. MR imaging for surgical planning and postoperative assessment in early osteoarthritis. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004;42(1):43–60.PubMed Azer NM, Winalski CS, Minas T. MR imaging for surgical planning and postoperative assessment in early osteoarthritis. Radiol Clin North Am. 2004;42(1):43–60.PubMed
82.
go back to reference Zanetti M, Bruder E, Romero J, Hodler J. Bone marrow edema pattern in osteoarthritic knees: correlation between MR imaging and histologic findings. Radiology. 2000;215(3):835–40.PubMed Zanetti M, Bruder E, Romero J, Hodler J. Bone marrow edema pattern in osteoarthritic knees: correlation between MR imaging and histologic findings. Radiology. 2000;215(3):835–40.PubMed
83.
go back to reference Taljanovic MS, Graham AR, Benjamin JB, Gmitro AF, Krupinski EA, Schwartz SA, et al. Bone marrow edema pattern in advanced hip osteoarthritis: quantitative assessment with magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with clinical examination, radiographic findings, and histopathology. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(5):423–31.PubMed Taljanovic MS, Graham AR, Benjamin JB, Gmitro AF, Krupinski EA, Schwartz SA, et al. Bone marrow edema pattern in advanced hip osteoarthritis: quantitative assessment with magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with clinical examination, radiographic findings, and histopathology. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(5):423–31.PubMed
84.
go back to reference Milgram JW. Morphologic alterations of the subchondral bone in advanced degenerative arthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983;173:293–312. Milgram JW. Morphologic alterations of the subchondral bone in advanced degenerative arthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983;173:293–312.
85.
go back to reference Carrino JA, Blanco R. Magnetic resonance–guided musculoskeletal interventional radiology. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2006;10(2):159–74.PubMed Carrino JA, Blanco R. Magnetic resonance–guided musculoskeletal interventional radiology. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2006;10(2):159–74.PubMed
86.
go back to reference Bydder GM, Young IR. Clinical use of the partial saturation and saturation recovery sequences in MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1985;9(6):1020–32.PubMed Bydder GM, Young IR. Clinical use of the partial saturation and saturation recovery sequences in MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1985;9(6):1020–32.PubMed
87.
go back to reference Beltran J, Noto AM, Herman LJ, Mosure JC, Burk JM, Christoforidis AJ. Joint effusions: MR imaging. Radiology. 1986;158(1):133–7.PubMed Beltran J, Noto AM, Herman LJ, Mosure JC, Burk JM, Christoforidis AJ. Joint effusions: MR imaging. Radiology. 1986;158(1):133–7.PubMed
88.
go back to reference Hajek PC, Baker LL, Bjorkengren A, Sartoris DJ, Neumann CH, Resnick D. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle: normal anatomy. Skeletal Radiol. 1986;15(7):536–40.PubMed Hajek PC, Baker LL, Bjorkengren A, Sartoris DJ, Neumann CH, Resnick D. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle: normal anatomy. Skeletal Radiol. 1986;15(7):536–40.PubMed
89.
go back to reference Gylys-Morin VM, Hajek PC, Sartoris DJ, Resnick D. Articular cartilage defects: detectability in cadaver knees with MR. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148(6):1153–7.PubMed Gylys-Morin VM, Hajek PC, Sartoris DJ, Resnick D. Articular cartilage defects: detectability in cadaver knees with MR. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148(6):1153–7.PubMed
90.
go back to reference Winalski CS, Aliabadi P, Wright RJ, Shortkroff S, Sledge CB, Weissman BN. Enhancement of joint fluid with intravenously administered gadopentetate dimeglumine: technique, rationale, and implications. Radiology. 1993;187(1):179–85.PubMed Winalski CS, Aliabadi P, Wright RJ, Shortkroff S, Sledge CB, Weissman BN. Enhancement of joint fluid with intravenously administered gadopentetate dimeglumine: technique, rationale, and implications. Radiology. 1993;187(1):179–85.PubMed
91.
go back to reference Drape JL, Thelen P, Gay-Depassier P, Silbermann O, Benacerraf R. Intraarticular diffusion of Gd-DOTA after intravenous injection in the knee: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology. 1993;188(1):227–34.PubMed Drape JL, Thelen P, Gay-Depassier P, Silbermann O, Benacerraf R. Intraarticular diffusion of Gd-DOTA after intravenous injection in the knee: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology. 1993;188(1):227–34.PubMed
92.
go back to reference Helms CA, McGonegle SJ, Vinson EN, Whiteside MB. Magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder: accuracy of gadolinium versus saline for rotator cuff and labral pathology. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40(2):197–203.PubMed Helms CA, McGonegle SJ, Vinson EN, Whiteside MB. Magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder: accuracy of gadolinium versus saline for rotator cuff and labral pathology. Skeletal Radiol. 2011;40(2):197–203.PubMed
93.
go back to reference Steinbach LS, Palmer WE, Schweitzer ME. Special focus session. MR arthrography. Radiographics. 2002;22(5):1223–46.PubMed Steinbach LS, Palmer WE, Schweitzer ME. Special focus session. MR arthrography. Radiographics. 2002;22(5):1223–46.PubMed
94.
go back to reference Masi JN, Newitt D, Sell CA, Daldrup-Link H, Steinbach L, Majumdar S, et al. Optimization of gadodiamide concentration for MR arthrography at 3 T. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184(6):1754–61.PubMed Masi JN, Newitt D, Sell CA, Daldrup-Link H, Steinbach L, Majumdar S, et al. Optimization of gadodiamide concentration for MR arthrography at 3 T. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184(6):1754–61.PubMed
95.
go back to reference Hodler J. Technical errors in MR arthrography. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(1):9–18.PubMed Hodler J. Technical errors in MR arthrography. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(1):9–18.PubMed
96.
go back to reference Andreisek G, Froehlich JM, Hodler J, Weishaupt D, Beutler V, Pfirrmann CW, et al. Direct MR arthrography at 1.5 and 3.0 T: signal dependence on gadolinium and iodine concentrations–phantom study. Radiology. 2008;247(3):706–16.PubMed Andreisek G, Froehlich JM, Hodler J, Weishaupt D, Beutler V, Pfirrmann CW, et al. Direct MR arthrography at 1.5 and 3.0 T: signal dependence on gadolinium and iodine concentrations–phantom study. Radiology. 2008;247(3):706–16.PubMed
97.
go back to reference Moser T, Dosch JC, Moussaoui A, Dietemann JL. Wrist ligament tears: evaluation of MRI and combined MDCT and MR arthrography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(5):1278–86.PubMed Moser T, Dosch JC, Moussaoui A, Dietemann JL. Wrist ligament tears: evaluation of MRI and combined MDCT and MR arthrography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(5):1278–86.PubMed
98.
go back to reference Subhas N, Freire M, Primak AN, Polster JM, Recht MP, Davros WJ, et al. CT arthrography: in vitro evaluation of single and dual energy for optimization of technique. Skeletal Radiol. 2010;39(10):1025–31.PubMed Subhas N, Freire M, Primak AN, Polster JM, Recht MP, Davros WJ, et al. CT arthrography: in vitro evaluation of single and dual energy for optimization of technique. Skeletal Radiol. 2010;39(10):1025–31.PubMed
99.
go back to reference Bashir A, Gray ML, Burstein D. Gd-DTPA2- as a measure of cartilage degradation. Magn Reson Med. 1996;36(5):665–73.PubMed Bashir A, Gray ML, Burstein D. Gd-DTPA2- as a measure of cartilage degradation. Magn Reson Med. 1996;36(5):665–73.PubMed
100.
go back to reference Bacic G, Liu KJ, Goda F, Hoopes PJ, Rosen GM, Swartz HM. MRI contrast enhanced study of cartilage proteoglycan degradation in the rabbit knee. Magn Reson Med. 1997;37(5):764–8.PubMed Bacic G, Liu KJ, Goda F, Hoopes PJ, Rosen GM, Swartz HM. MRI contrast enhanced study of cartilage proteoglycan degradation in the rabbit knee. Magn Reson Med. 1997;37(5):764–8.PubMed
101.
go back to reference Winalski CS, Shortkroff S, Schneider E, Yoshioka H, Mulkern RV, Rosen GM. Targeted dendrimer-based contrast agents for articular cartilage assessment by MR imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16(7):815–22.PubMed Winalski CS, Shortkroff S, Schneider E, Yoshioka H, Mulkern RV, Rosen GM. Targeted dendrimer-based contrast agents for articular cartilage assessment by MR imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16(7):815–22.PubMed
102.
go back to reference Wagner M, Werner A, Grunder W. Visualization of collagenase-induced cartilage degradation using NMR microscopy. Invest Radiol. 1999;34(10):607–14.PubMed Wagner M, Werner A, Grunder W. Visualization of collagenase-induced cartilage degradation using NMR microscopy. Invest Radiol. 1999;34(10):607–14.PubMed
103.
go back to reference Grunder W, Biesold M, Wagner M, Werner A. Improved nuclear magnetic resonance microscopic visualization of joint cartilage using liposome entrapped contrast agents. Invest Radiol. 1998;33(4):193–202.PubMed Grunder W, Biesold M, Wagner M, Werner A. Improved nuclear magnetic resonance microscopic visualization of joint cartilage using liposome entrapped contrast agents. Invest Radiol. 1998;33(4):193–202.PubMed
104.
go back to reference Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ, Grodzinsky AJ. Articular cartilage and osteoarthritis. Instr Course Lect. 2005;54:465–80.PubMed Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ, Grodzinsky AJ. Articular cartilage and osteoarthritis. Instr Course Lect. 2005;54:465–80.PubMed
105.
go back to reference Goodwin DW, Zhu H, Dunn JF. In vitro MR imaging of hyaline cartilage: correlation with scanning electron microscopy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;174(2):405–9.PubMed Goodwin DW, Zhu H, Dunn JF. In vitro MR imaging of hyaline cartilage: correlation with scanning electron microscopy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;174(2):405–9.PubMed
106.
go back to reference Goodwin DW, Wadghiri YZ, Zhu H, Vinton CJ, Smith ED, Dunn JF. Macroscopic structure of articular cartilage of the tibial plateau: influence of a characteristic matrix architecture on MRI appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182(2):311–8.PubMed Goodwin DW, Wadghiri YZ, Zhu H, Vinton CJ, Smith ED, Dunn JF. Macroscopic structure of articular cartilage of the tibial plateau: influence of a characteristic matrix architecture on MRI appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182(2):311–8.PubMed
107.
go back to reference Recht MP, Goodwin DW, Winalski CS, White LM. MRI of articular cartilage: revisiting current status and future directions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185(4):899–914.PubMed Recht MP, Goodwin DW, Winalski CS, White LM. MRI of articular cartilage: revisiting current status and future directions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185(4):899–914.PubMed
108.
go back to reference Konig H, Sauter R, Deimling M, Vogt M. Cartilage disorders: comparison of spin-echo, CHESS, and FLASH sequence MR images. Radiology. 1987;164(3):753–8.PubMed Konig H, Sauter R, Deimling M, Vogt M. Cartilage disorders: comparison of spin-echo, CHESS, and FLASH sequence MR images. Radiology. 1987;164(3):753–8.PubMed
109.
go back to reference Reiser MF, Bongartz G, Erlemann R, Strobel M, Pauly T, Gaebert K, et al. Magnetic resonance in cartilaginous lesions of the knee joint with three-dimensional gradient-echo imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 1988;17(7):465–71.PubMed Reiser MF, Bongartz G, Erlemann R, Strobel M, Pauly T, Gaebert K, et al. Magnetic resonance in cartilaginous lesions of the knee joint with three-dimensional gradient-echo imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 1988;17(7):465–71.PubMed
110.
go back to reference Munk PL, Helms CA, Genant HK, Holt RG. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: current status, new directions. Skeletal Radiol. 1989;18(8):569–77.PubMed Munk PL, Helms CA, Genant HK, Holt RG. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: current status, new directions. Skeletal Radiol. 1989;18(8):569–77.PubMed
111.
go back to reference Spritzer CE, Vogler JB, Martinez S, Garrett Jr WE, Johnson GA, McNamara MJ, et al. MR imaging of the knee: preliminary results with a 3DFT GRASS pulse sequence. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;150(3):597–603.PubMed Spritzer CE, Vogler JB, Martinez S, Garrett Jr WE, Johnson GA, McNamara MJ, et al. MR imaging of the knee: preliminary results with a 3DFT GRASS pulse sequence. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;150(3):597–603.PubMed
112.
go back to reference Tyrrell RL, Gluckert K, Pathria M, Modic MT. Fast three-dimensional MR imaging of the knee: comparison with arthroscopy. Radiology. 1988;166(3):865–72.PubMed Tyrrell RL, Gluckert K, Pathria M, Modic MT. Fast three-dimensional MR imaging of the knee: comparison with arthroscopy. Radiology. 1988;166(3):865–72.PubMed
113.
go back to reference Adam G, Bohndorf K, Drobnitzky M, Guenther RW. MR imaging of the knee: three-dimensional volume imaging combined with fast processing. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1989;13(6):984–8.PubMed Adam G, Bohndorf K, Drobnitzky M, Guenther RW. MR imaging of the knee: three-dimensional volume imaging combined with fast processing. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1989;13(6):984–8.PubMed
114.
go back to reference Hardy PA, Recht MP, Piraino D, Thomasson D. Optimization of a dual echo in the steady state (DESS) free-precession sequence for imaging cartilage. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;6(2):329–35.PubMed Hardy PA, Recht MP, Piraino D, Thomasson D. Optimization of a dual echo in the steady state (DESS) free-precession sequence for imaging cartilage. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;6(2):329–35.PubMed
115.
go back to reference Wolff SD, Chesnick S, Frank JA, Lim KO, Balaban RS. Magnetization transfer contrast: MR imaging of the knee. Radiology. 1991;179(3):623–8.PubMed Wolff SD, Chesnick S, Frank JA, Lim KO, Balaban RS. Magnetization transfer contrast: MR imaging of the knee. Radiology. 1991;179(3):623–8.PubMed
116.
go back to reference Koskinen SK, Komu ME. Low-field strength magnetization transfer contrast imaging of the patellar cartilage. Acta Radiol. 1993;34(2):124–6.PubMed Koskinen SK, Komu ME. Low-field strength magnetization transfer contrast imaging of the patellar cartilage. Acta Radiol. 1993;34(2):124–6.PubMed
117.
go back to reference Vahlensieck M, Dombrowski F, Leutner C, Wagner U, Reiser M. Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and MTC-subtraction: enhancement of cartilage lesions and intracartilaginous degeneration in vitro. Skeletal Radiol. 1994;23(7):535–9.PubMed Vahlensieck M, Dombrowski F, Leutner C, Wagner U, Reiser M. Magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) and MTC-subtraction: enhancement of cartilage lesions and intracartilaginous degeneration in vitro. Skeletal Radiol. 1994;23(7):535–9.PubMed
118.
go back to reference Recht MP, Kramer J, Marcelis S, Pathria MN, Trudell D, Haghighi P, et al. Abnormalities of articular cartilage in the knee: analysis of available MR techniques. Radiology. 1993;187(2):473–8.PubMed Recht MP, Kramer J, Marcelis S, Pathria MN, Trudell D, Haghighi P, et al. Abnormalities of articular cartilage in the knee: analysis of available MR techniques. Radiology. 1993;187(2):473–8.PubMed
119.
go back to reference Eckstein F, Sittek H, Milz S, Putz R, Reiser M. The morphology of articular cartilage assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Reproducibility and anatomical correlation. Surg Radiol Anat. 1994;16(4):429–38.PubMed Eckstein F, Sittek H, Milz S, Putz R, Reiser M. The morphology of articular cartilage assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Reproducibility and anatomical correlation. Surg Radiol Anat. 1994;16(4):429–38.PubMed
120.
go back to reference Peterfy CG, van Dijke CF, Lu Y, Nguyen A, Connick TJ, Kneeland JB, et al. Quantification of the volume of articular cartilage in the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand: accuracy and precision of three-dimensional MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;165(2):371–5.PubMed Peterfy CG, van Dijke CF, Lu Y, Nguyen A, Connick TJ, Kneeland JB, et al. Quantification of the volume of articular cartilage in the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand: accuracy and precision of three-dimensional MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;165(2):371–5.PubMed
121.
go back to reference Recht MP, Piraino DW, Paletta GA, Schils JP, Belhobek GH. Accuracy of fat-suppressed three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo FLASH MR imaging in the detection of patellofemoral articular cartilage abnormalities. Radiology. 1996;198(1):209–12.PubMed Recht MP, Piraino DW, Paletta GA, Schils JP, Belhobek GH. Accuracy of fat-suppressed three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo FLASH MR imaging in the detection of patellofemoral articular cartilage abnormalities. Radiology. 1996;198(1):209–12.PubMed
122.
go back to reference Disler DG, McCauley TR, Kelman CG, Fuchs MD, Ratner LM, Wirth CR, et al. Fat-suppressed three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging of hyaline cartilage defects in the knee: comparison with standard MR imaging and arthroscopy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167(1):127–32.PubMed Disler DG, McCauley TR, Kelman CG, Fuchs MD, Ratner LM, Wirth CR, et al. Fat-suppressed three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging of hyaline cartilage defects in the knee: comparison with standard MR imaging and arthroscopy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167(1):127–32.PubMed
123.
go back to reference Peterfy CG, Schneider E, Nevitt M. The osteoarthritis initiative: report on the design rationale for the magnetic resonance imaging protocol for the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16(12):1433–41.PubMedPubMedCentral Peterfy CG, Schneider E, Nevitt M. The osteoarthritis initiative: report on the design rationale for the magnetic resonance imaging protocol for the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16(12):1433–41.PubMedPubMedCentral
124.
go back to reference Duc SR, Pfirrmann CW, Schmid MR, Zanetti M, Koch PP, Kalberer F, et al. Articular cartilage defects detected with 3D water-excitation true FISP: prospective comparison with sequences commonly used for knee imaging. Radiology. 2007;245(1):216–23.PubMed Duc SR, Pfirrmann CW, Schmid MR, Zanetti M, Koch PP, Kalberer F, et al. Articular cartilage defects detected with 3D water-excitation true FISP: prospective comparison with sequences commonly used for knee imaging. Radiology. 2007;245(1):216–23.PubMed
125.
go back to reference Kijowski R, Blankenbaker DG, Klaers JL, Shinki K, De Smet AA, Block WF. Vastly undersampled isotropic projection steady-state free precession imaging of the knee: diagnostic performance compared with conventional MR. Radiology. 2009;251(1):185–94.PubMed Kijowski R, Blankenbaker DG, Klaers JL, Shinki K, De Smet AA, Block WF. Vastly undersampled isotropic projection steady-state free precession imaging of the knee: diagnostic performance compared with conventional MR. Radiology. 2009;251(1):185–94.PubMed
126.
go back to reference Potter HG, Linklater JM, Allen AA, Hannafin JA, Haas SB. Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in the knee. An evaluation with use of fast-spin-echo imaging. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80(9):1276–84.PubMed Potter HG, Linklater JM, Allen AA, Hannafin JA, Haas SB. Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in the knee. An evaluation with use of fast-spin-echo imaging. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80(9):1276–84.PubMed
127.
go back to reference Yao L, Gentili A, Thomas A. Incidental magnetization transfer contrast in fast spin-echo imaging of cartilage. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;6(1):180–4.PubMed Yao L, Gentili A, Thomas A. Incidental magnetization transfer contrast in fast spin-echo imaging of cartilage. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1996;6(1):180–4.PubMed
128.
go back to reference Mulkern RV, Wong ST, Winalski C, Jolesz FA. Contrast manipulation and artifact assessment of 2D and 3D RARE sequences. Magn Reson Imaging. 1990;8(5):557–66.PubMed Mulkern RV, Wong ST, Winalski C, Jolesz FA. Contrast manipulation and artifact assessment of 2D and 3D RARE sequences. Magn Reson Imaging. 1990;8(5):557–66.PubMed
129.
go back to reference Gold GE, Busse RF, Beehler C, Han E, Brau AC, Beatty PJ, et al. Isotropic MRI of the knee with 3D fast spin-echo extended echo-train acquisition (XETA): initial experience. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(5):1287–93.PubMed Gold GE, Busse RF, Beehler C, Han E, Brau AC, Beatty PJ, et al. Isotropic MRI of the knee with 3D fast spin-echo extended echo-train acquisition (XETA): initial experience. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(5):1287–93.PubMed
130.
go back to reference Subhas N, Kao A, Freire M, Polster J, Obuchowski N, Winalski CS. Comparison of 3D Isotropic Resolution Fast Spin-Echo MR Imaging with Conventional 2D MR Imaging of Knee Ligaments and Menisci at 3T. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197(2):442–50.PubMed Subhas N, Kao A, Freire M, Polster J, Obuchowski N, Winalski CS. Comparison of 3D Isotropic Resolution Fast Spin-Echo MR Imaging with Conventional 2D MR Imaging of Knee Ligaments and Menisci at 3T. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;197(2):442–50.PubMed
131.
go back to reference Kijowski R, Davis KW, Blankenbaker DG, Woods MA, Del Rio AM, De Smet AA. Evaluation of the menisci of the knee joint using three-dimensional isotropic resolution fast spin-echo imaging: diagnostic performance in 250 patients with surgical correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 2011: ePub. Kijowski R, Davis KW, Blankenbaker DG, Woods MA, Del Rio AM, De Smet AA. Evaluation of the menisci of the knee joint using three-dimensional isotropic resolution fast spin-echo imaging: diagnostic performance in 250 patients with surgical correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 2011: ePub.
132.
go back to reference Gold GE, Fuller SE, Hargreaves BA, Stevens KJ, Beaulieu CF. Driven equilibrium magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage: initial clinical experience. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;21(4):476–81.PubMed Gold GE, Fuller SE, Hargreaves BA, Stevens KJ, Beaulieu CF. Driven equilibrium magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage: initial clinical experience. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;21(4):476–81.PubMed
133.
go back to reference Yoshioka H, Stevens K, Hargreaves BA, Steines D, Genovese M, Dillingham MF, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage of the knee: comparison between fat-suppressed three-dimensional SPGR imaging, fat-suppressed FSE imaging, and fat-suppressed three-dimensional DEFT imaging, and correlation with arthroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;20(5):857–64.PubMed Yoshioka H, Stevens K, Hargreaves BA, Steines D, Genovese M, Dillingham MF, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage of the knee: comparison between fat-suppressed three-dimensional SPGR imaging, fat-suppressed FSE imaging, and fat-suppressed three-dimensional DEFT imaging, and correlation with arthroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;20(5):857–64.PubMed
134.
go back to reference Crema MD, Roemer FW, Marra MD, Burstein D, Gold GE, Eckstein F, et al. Articular cartilage in the knee: current MR imaging techniques and applications in clinical practice and research. Radiographics. 2011;31(1):37–61.PubMed Crema MD, Roemer FW, Marra MD, Burstein D, Gold GE, Eckstein F, et al. Articular cartilage in the knee: current MR imaging techniques and applications in clinical practice and research. Radiographics. 2011;31(1):37–61.PubMed
135.
go back to reference Chandnani VP, Ho C, Chu P, Trudell D, Resnick D. Knee hyaline cartilage evaluated with MR imaging: a cadaveric study involving multiple imaging sequences and intraarticular injection of gadolinium and saline solution. Radiology. 1991;178(2):557–61.PubMed Chandnani VP, Ho C, Chu P, Trudell D, Resnick D. Knee hyaline cartilage evaluated with MR imaging: a cadaveric study involving multiple imaging sequences and intraarticular injection of gadolinium and saline solution. Radiology. 1991;178(2):557–61.PubMed
136.
go back to reference Eckstein F, Gavazzeni A, Sittek H, Haubner M, Losch A, Milz S, et al. Determination of knee joint cartilage thickness using three-dimensional magnetic resonance chondro-crassometry (3D MR-CCM). Magn Reson Med. 1996;36(2):256–65.PubMed Eckstein F, Gavazzeni A, Sittek H, Haubner M, Losch A, Milz S, et al. Determination of knee joint cartilage thickness using three-dimensional magnetic resonance chondro-crassometry (3D MR-CCM). Magn Reson Med. 1996;36(2):256–65.PubMed
137.
go back to reference Dupuy DE, Spillane RM, Rosol MS, Rosenthal DI, Palmer WE, Burke DW, et al. Quantification of articular cartilage in the knee with three-dimensional MR imaging. Acad Radiol. 1996;3(11):919–24.PubMed Dupuy DE, Spillane RM, Rosol MS, Rosenthal DI, Palmer WE, Burke DW, et al. Quantification of articular cartilage in the knee with three-dimensional MR imaging. Acad Radiol. 1996;3(11):919–24.PubMed
138.
go back to reference Eckstein F, Hudelmaier M, Wirth W, Kiefer B, Jackson R, Yu J, et al. Double echo steady state magnetic resonance imaging of knee articular cartilage at 3 Tesla: a pilot study for the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(4):433–41.PubMed Eckstein F, Hudelmaier M, Wirth W, Kiefer B, Jackson R, Yu J, et al. Double echo steady state magnetic resonance imaging of knee articular cartilage at 3 Tesla: a pilot study for the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(4):433–41.PubMed
139.
go back to reference Kshirsagar AA, Watson PJ, Tyler JA, Hall LD. Measurement of localized cartilage volume and thickness of human knee joints by computer analysis of three-dimensional magnetic resonance images. Invest Radiol. 1998;33(5):289–99.PubMed Kshirsagar AA, Watson PJ, Tyler JA, Hall LD. Measurement of localized cartilage volume and thickness of human knee joints by computer analysis of three-dimensional magnetic resonance images. Invest Radiol. 1998;33(5):289–99.PubMed
140.
go back to reference Peterfy CG, Linares R, Steinbach LS. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging of the musculoskeletal system. Radiol Clin North Am. 1994;32(2):291–311.PubMed Peterfy CG, Linares R, Steinbach LS. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging of the musculoskeletal system. Radiol Clin North Am. 1994;32(2):291–311.PubMed
141.
go back to reference Solloway S, Hutchinson CE, Waterton JC, Taylor CJ. The use of active shape models for making thickness measurements of articular cartilage from MR images. Magn Reson Med. 1997;37(6):943–52.PubMed Solloway S, Hutchinson CE, Waterton JC, Taylor CJ. The use of active shape models for making thickness measurements of articular cartilage from MR images. Magn Reson Med. 1997;37(6):943–52.PubMed
142.
go back to reference Stammberger T, Eckstein F, Englmeier KH, Reiser M. Determination of 3D cartilage thickness data from MR imaging: computational method and reproducibility in the living. Magn Reson Med. 1999;41(3):529–36.PubMed Stammberger T, Eckstein F, Englmeier KH, Reiser M. Determination of 3D cartilage thickness data from MR imaging: computational method and reproducibility in the living. Magn Reson Med. 1999;41(3):529–36.PubMed
143.
go back to reference Cohen ZA, McCarthy DM, Kwak SD, Legrand P, Fogarasi F, Ciaccio EJ, et al. Knee cartilage topography, thickness, and contact areas from MRI: in-vitro calibration and in-vivo measurements. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999;7(1):95–109.PubMed Cohen ZA, McCarthy DM, Kwak SD, Legrand P, Fogarasi F, Ciaccio EJ, et al. Knee cartilage topography, thickness, and contact areas from MRI: in-vitro calibration and in-vivo measurements. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999;7(1):95–109.PubMed
144.
go back to reference Losch A, Eckstein F, Haubner M, Englmeier KH. A non-invasive technique for 3-dimensional assessment of articular cartilage thickness based on MRI. Part 1: Development of a computational method. Magn Reson Imaging. 1997;15(7):795–804.PubMed Losch A, Eckstein F, Haubner M, Englmeier KH. A non-invasive technique for 3-dimensional assessment of articular cartilage thickness based on MRI. Part 1: Development of a computational method. Magn Reson Imaging. 1997;15(7):795–804.PubMed
145.
go back to reference Eckstein F, Kunz M, Schutzer M, Hudelmaier M, Jackson RD, Yu J, et al. Two year longitudinal change and test-retest-precision of knee cartilage morphology in a pilot study for the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(11):1326–32.PubMedPubMedCentral Eckstein F, Kunz M, Schutzer M, Hudelmaier M, Jackson RD, Yu J, et al. Two year longitudinal change and test-retest-precision of knee cartilage morphology in a pilot study for the osteoarthritis initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(11):1326–32.PubMedPubMedCentral
146.
go back to reference Mosher TJ, Zhang Z, Reddy R, Boudhar S, Milestone BN, Morrison WB, et al. Knee articular cartilage damage in osteoarthritis: analysis of MR image biomarker reproducibility in ACRIN-PA 4001 multicenter trial. Radiology. 2011;258(3):832–42.PubMed Mosher TJ, Zhang Z, Reddy R, Boudhar S, Milestone BN, Morrison WB, et al. Knee articular cartilage damage in osteoarthritis: analysis of MR image biomarker reproducibility in ACRIN-PA 4001 multicenter trial. Radiology. 2011;258(3):832–42.PubMed
147.
go back to reference Yoshioka H, Stevens K, Genovese M, Dillingham MF, Lang P. Articular cartilage of knee: normal patterns at MR imaging that mimic disease in healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis. Radiology. 2004;231(1):31–8.PubMed Yoshioka H, Stevens K, Genovese M, Dillingham MF, Lang P. Articular cartilage of knee: normal patterns at MR imaging that mimic disease in healthy subjects and patients with osteoarthritis. Radiology. 2004;231(1):31–8.PubMed
148.
go back to reference van Dijk CN, Reilingh ML, Zengerink M, van Bergen CJ. The natural history of osteochondral lesions in the ankle. Instr Course Lect. 59:375–386. van Dijk CN, Reilingh ML, Zengerink M, van Bergen CJ. The natural history of osteochondral lesions in the ankle. Instr Course Lect. 59:375–386.
149.
go back to reference Simon WH, Friedenberg S, Richardson S. Joint congruence. A correlation of joint congruence and thickness of articular cartilage in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;55(8):1614–20.PubMed Simon WH, Friedenberg S, Richardson S. Joint congruence. A correlation of joint congruence and thickness of articular cartilage in dogs. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;55(8):1614–20.PubMed
150.
go back to reference Cicuttini FM, Wluka AE, Wang Y, Davis SR, Hankin J, Ebeling P. Compartment differences in knee cartilage volume in healthy adults. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(3):554–6.PubMed Cicuttini FM, Wluka AE, Wang Y, Davis SR, Hankin J, Ebeling P. Compartment differences in knee cartilage volume in healthy adults. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(3):554–6.PubMed
151.
go back to reference Cicuttini F, Wluka A, Wang Y, Stuckey S. The determinants of change in patella cartilage volume in osteoarthritic knees. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(12):2615–9.PubMed Cicuttini F, Wluka A, Wang Y, Stuckey S. The determinants of change in patella cartilage volume in osteoarthritic knees. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(12):2615–9.PubMed
152.
go back to reference Wluka AE, Davis SR, Bailey M, Stuckey SL, Cicuttini FM. Users of oestrogen replacement therapy have more knee cartilage than non-users. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(4):332–6.PubMedPubMedCentral Wluka AE, Davis SR, Bailey M, Stuckey SL, Cicuttini FM. Users of oestrogen replacement therapy have more knee cartilage than non-users. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(4):332–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
153.
go back to reference Wluka AE, Wolfe R, Davis SR, Stuckey S, Cicuttini FM. Tibial cartilage volume change in healthy postmenopausal women: a longitudinal study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(4):444–9.PubMedPubMedCentral Wluka AE, Wolfe R, Davis SR, Stuckey S, Cicuttini FM. Tibial cartilage volume change in healthy postmenopausal women: a longitudinal study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(4):444–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
154.
go back to reference Ding C, Cicuttini F, Scott F, Stankovich J, Cooley H, Jones G. The genetic contribution and relevance of knee cartilage defects: case-control and sib-pair studies. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(10):1937–42.PubMed Ding C, Cicuttini F, Scott F, Stankovich J, Cooley H, Jones G. The genetic contribution and relevance of knee cartilage defects: case-control and sib-pair studies. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(10):1937–42.PubMed
155.
go back to reference Eckstein F, Englmeier KH, Reiser M. Quantitative cartilage analysis with magnetic resonance tomography (qMRI)–a new era in arthrosis diagnosis? Z Rheumatol. 2002;61(3):250–9.PubMed Eckstein F, Englmeier KH, Reiser M. Quantitative cartilage analysis with magnetic resonance tomography (qMRI)–a new era in arthrosis diagnosis? Z Rheumatol. 2002;61(3):250–9.PubMed
156.
go back to reference Cicuttini FM, Forbes A, Yuanyuan W, Rush G, Stuckey SL. Rate of knee cartilage loss after partial meniscectomy. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(9):1954–6.PubMed Cicuttini FM, Forbes A, Yuanyuan W, Rush G, Stuckey SL. Rate of knee cartilage loss after partial meniscectomy. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(9):1954–6.PubMed
157.
go back to reference Cicuttini FM, Jones G, Forbes A, Wluka AE. Rate of cartilage loss at two years predicts subsequent total knee arthroplasty: a prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(9):1124–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Cicuttini FM, Jones G, Forbes A, Wluka AE. Rate of cartilage loss at two years predicts subsequent total knee arthroplasty: a prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(9):1124–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
158.
go back to reference Raynauld JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Berthiaume MJ, Labonte F, Beaudoin G, de Guise JA, et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of knee osteoarthritis progression over two years and correlation with clinical symptoms and radiologic changes. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(2):476–87.PubMed Raynauld JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Berthiaume MJ, Labonte F, Beaudoin G, de Guise JA, et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of knee osteoarthritis progression over two years and correlation with clinical symptoms and radiologic changes. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(2):476–87.PubMed
159.
go back to reference Gandy SJ, Dieppe PA, Keen MC, Maciewicz RA, Watt I, Waterton JC. No loss of cartilage volume over three years in patients with knee osteoarthritis as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2002;10(12):929–37.PubMed Gandy SJ, Dieppe PA, Keen MC, Maciewicz RA, Watt I, Waterton JC. No loss of cartilage volume over three years in patients with knee osteoarthritis as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2002;10(12):929–37.PubMed
160.
go back to reference Englund M, Lohmander LS. Risk factors for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis fifteen to twenty-two years after meniscectomy. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(9):2811–9.PubMed Englund M, Lohmander LS. Risk factors for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis fifteen to twenty-two years after meniscectomy. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(9):2811–9.PubMed
161.
go back to reference Saunders J, Ding C, Cicuttini F, Jones G. Radiographic osteoarthritis and pain are independent predictors of knee cartilage loss: a prospective study. Intern Med J. 2011:ePub. Saunders J, Ding C, Cicuttini F, Jones G. Radiographic osteoarthritis and pain are independent predictors of knee cartilage loss: a prospective study. Intern Med J. 2011:ePub.
162.
go back to reference Hunter DJ, March L, Sambrook PN. The association of cartilage volume with knee pain. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003;11(10):725–9.PubMed Hunter DJ, March L, Sambrook PN. The association of cartilage volume with knee pain. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003;11(10):725–9.PubMed
163.
go back to reference Lindsey CT, Narasimhan A, Adolfo JM, Jin H, Steinbach LS, Link T, et al. Magnetic resonance evaluation of the interrelationship between articular cartilage and trabecular bone of the osteoarthritic knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2004;12(2):86–96.PubMed Lindsey CT, Narasimhan A, Adolfo JM, Jin H, Steinbach LS, Link T, et al. Magnetic resonance evaluation of the interrelationship between articular cartilage and trabecular bone of the osteoarthritic knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2004;12(2):86–96.PubMed
164.
go back to reference Wluka AE, Wolfe R, Stuckey S, Cicuttini FM. How does tibial cartilage volume relate to symptoms in subjects with knee osteoarthritis? Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(3):264–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Wluka AE, Wolfe R, Stuckey S, Cicuttini FM. How does tibial cartilage volume relate to symptoms in subjects with knee osteoarthritis? Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(3):264–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
165.
go back to reference Cicuttini F, Ding C, Wluka A, Davis S, Ebeling PR, Jones G. Association of cartilage defects with loss of knee cartilage in healthy, middle-age adults: a prospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(7):2033–9.PubMed Cicuttini F, Ding C, Wluka A, Davis S, Ebeling PR, Jones G. Association of cartilage defects with loss of knee cartilage in healthy, middle-age adults: a prospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(7):2033–9.PubMed
166.
go back to reference Blumenkrantz G, Lindsey CT, Dunn TC, Jin H, Ries MD, Link TM, et al. A pilot, two-year longitudinal study of the interrelationship between trabecular bone and articular cartilage in the osteoarthritic knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2004;12(12):997–1005.PubMed Blumenkrantz G, Lindsey CT, Dunn TC, Jin H, Ries MD, Link TM, et al. A pilot, two-year longitudinal study of the interrelationship between trabecular bone and articular cartilage in the osteoarthritic knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2004;12(12):997–1005.PubMed
167.
go back to reference Bobinac D, Spanjol J, Zoricic S, Maric I. Changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone histomorphometry in osteoarthritic knee joints in humans. Bone. 2003;32(3):284–90.PubMed Bobinac D, Spanjol J, Zoricic S, Maric I. Changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone histomorphometry in osteoarthritic knee joints in humans. Bone. 2003;32(3):284–90.PubMed
168.
go back to reference Raynauld JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Berthiaume MJ, Beaudoin G, Choquette D, Haraoui B, et al. Long term evaluation of disease progression through the quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis patients: correlation with clinical symptoms and radiographic changes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(1):R21.PubMed Raynauld JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Berthiaume MJ, Beaudoin G, Choquette D, Haraoui B, et al. Long term evaluation of disease progression through the quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis patients: correlation with clinical symptoms and radiographic changes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(1):R21.PubMed
169.
go back to reference Torres L, Dunlop DD, Peterfy C, Guermazi A, Prasad P, Hayes KW, et al. The relationship between specific tissue lesions and pain severity in persons with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006;14(10):1033–40.PubMed Torres L, Dunlop DD, Peterfy C, Guermazi A, Prasad P, Hayes KW, et al. The relationship between specific tissue lesions and pain severity in persons with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006;14(10):1033–40.PubMed
170.
go back to reference Gray ML, Burstein D, Xia Y. Biochemical (and functional) imaging of articular cartilage. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2001;5(4):329–43.PubMed Gray ML, Burstein D, Xia Y. Biochemical (and functional) imaging of articular cartilage. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2001;5(4):329–43.PubMed
171.
go back to reference Burstein D, Gray M, Mosher T, Dardzinski B. Measures of molecular composition and structure in osteoarthritis. Radiol Clin North Am. 2009;47(4):675–86.PubMed Burstein D, Gray M, Mosher T, Dardzinski B. Measures of molecular composition and structure in osteoarthritis. Radiol Clin North Am. 2009;47(4):675–86.PubMed
172.
go back to reference Maroudas AI. Balance between swelling pressure and collagen tension in normal and degenerate cartilage. Nature. 1976;260(5554):808–9.PubMed Maroudas AI. Balance between swelling pressure and collagen tension in normal and degenerate cartilage. Nature. 1976;260(5554):808–9.PubMed
173.
go back to reference Donahue KM, Burstein D, Manning WJ, Gray ML. Studies of Gd-DTPA relaxivity and proton exchange rates in tissue. Magn Reson Med. 1994;32(1):66–76.PubMed Donahue KM, Burstein D, Manning WJ, Gray ML. Studies of Gd-DTPA relaxivity and proton exchange rates in tissue. Magn Reson Med. 1994;32(1):66–76.PubMed
174.
go back to reference Bashir A, Gray ML, Boutin RD, Burstein D. Glycosaminoglycan in articular cartilage: in vivo assessment with delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 1997;205(2):551–8.PubMed Bashir A, Gray ML, Boutin RD, Burstein D. Glycosaminoglycan in articular cartilage: in vivo assessment with delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 1997;205(2):551–8.PubMed
175.
go back to reference Gray ML, Burstein D, Kim YJ, Maroudas A. 2007 Elizabeth Winston Lanier Award Winner. Magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage glycosaminoglycan: basic principles, imaging technique, and clinical applications. J Orthop Res. 2008; 26(3):281–291 Gray ML, Burstein D, Kim YJ, Maroudas A. 2007 Elizabeth Winston Lanier Award Winner. Magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage glycosaminoglycan: basic principles, imaging technique, and clinical applications. J Orthop Res. 2008; 26(3):281–291
176.
go back to reference Burstein D, Velyvis J, Scott KT, Stock KW, Kim YJ, Jaramillo D, et al. Protocol issues for delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MRI (dGEMRIC) for clinical evaluation of articular cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 2001;45(1):36–41.PubMed Burstein D, Velyvis J, Scott KT, Stock KW, Kim YJ, Jaramillo D, et al. Protocol issues for delayed Gd(DTPA)(2-)-enhanced MRI (dGEMRIC) for clinical evaluation of articular cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 2001;45(1):36–41.PubMed
177.
go back to reference Tiderius CJ, Tjornstrand J, Akeson P, Sodersten K, Dahlberg L, Leander P. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC): intra- and interobserver variability in standardized drawing of regions of interest. Acta Radiol. 2004;45(6):628–34.PubMed Tiderius CJ, Tjornstrand J, Akeson P, Sodersten K, Dahlberg L, Leander P. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC): intra- and interobserver variability in standardized drawing of regions of interest. Acta Radiol. 2004;45(6):628–34.PubMed
178.
go back to reference Li W, Scheidegger R, Wu Y, Edelman RR, Farley M, Krishnan N, et al. Delayed contrast-enhanced MRI of cartilage: comparison of nonionic and ionic contrast agents. Magn Reson Med. 2010;64(5):1267–73.PubMed Li W, Scheidegger R, Wu Y, Edelman RR, Farley M, Krishnan N, et al. Delayed contrast-enhanced MRI of cartilage: comparison of nonionic and ionic contrast agents. Magn Reson Med. 2010;64(5):1267–73.PubMed
179.
go back to reference Allen RG, Burstein D, Gray ML. Monitoring glycosaminoglycan replenishment in cartilage explants with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Orthop Res. 1999;17(3):430–6.PubMed Allen RG, Burstein D, Gray ML. Monitoring glycosaminoglycan replenishment in cartilage explants with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Orthop Res. 1999;17(3):430–6.PubMed
180.
go back to reference Williams A, Oppenheimer RA, Gray ML, Burstein D. Differential recovery of glycosaminoglycan after IL-1-induced degradation of bovine articular cartilage depends on degree of degradation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003;5(2):R97–R105.PubMedPubMedCentral Williams A, Oppenheimer RA, Gray ML, Burstein D. Differential recovery of glycosaminoglycan after IL-1-induced degradation of bovine articular cartilage depends on degree of degradation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003;5(2):R97–R105.PubMedPubMedCentral
181.
go back to reference Samosky JT, Burstein D, Eric Grimson W, Howe R, Martin S. Gray ML. Spatially-localized correlation of dGEMRIC-measured GAG distribution and mechanical stiffness in the human tibial plateau. J Orthop Res. 2005;23(1):93–101.PubMed Samosky JT, Burstein D, Eric Grimson W, Howe R, Martin S. Gray ML. Spatially-localized correlation of dGEMRIC-measured GAG distribution and mechanical stiffness in the human tibial plateau. J Orthop Res. 2005;23(1):93–101.PubMed
182.
go back to reference Kurkijarvi JE, Nissi MJ, Kiviranta I, Jurvelin JS, Nieminen MT. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and T2 characteristics of human knee articular cartilage: topographical variation and relationships to mechanical properties. Magn Reson Med. 2004;52(1):41–6.PubMed Kurkijarvi JE, Nissi MJ, Kiviranta I, Jurvelin JS, Nieminen MT. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and T2 characteristics of human knee articular cartilage: topographical variation and relationships to mechanical properties. Magn Reson Med. 2004;52(1):41–6.PubMed
183.
go back to reference Mosher TJ, Dardzinski BJ. Cartilage MRI T2 relaxation time mapping: overview and applications. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2004;8(4):355–68.PubMed Mosher TJ, Dardzinski BJ. Cartilage MRI T2 relaxation time mapping: overview and applications. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2004;8(4):355–68.PubMed
184.
go back to reference Dardzinski BJ, Mosher TJ, Li S, Van Slyke MA, Smith MB. Spatial variation of T2 in human articular cartilage. Radiology. 1997;205(2):546–50.PubMed Dardzinski BJ, Mosher TJ, Li S, Van Slyke MA, Smith MB. Spatial variation of T2 in human articular cartilage. Radiology. 1997;205(2):546–50.PubMed
185.
go back to reference Goodwin DW, Wadghiri YZ, Dunn JF. Micro-imaging of articular cartilage: T2, proton density, and the magic angle effect. Acad Radiol. 1998;5(11):790–8.PubMed Goodwin DW, Wadghiri YZ, Dunn JF. Micro-imaging of articular cartilage: T2, proton density, and the magic angle effect. Acad Radiol. 1998;5(11):790–8.PubMed
186.
go back to reference Maier CF, Tan SG, Hariharan H, Potter HG. T2 quantitation of articular cartilage at 1.5 T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;17(3):358–64.PubMed Maier CF, Tan SG, Hariharan H, Potter HG. T2 quantitation of articular cartilage at 1.5 T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;17(3):358–64.PubMed
187.
go back to reference Mosher TJ, Smith H, Dardzinski BJ, Schmithorst VJ, Smith MB. MR imaging and T2 mapping of femoral cartilage: in vivo determination of the magic angle effect. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177(3):665–9.PubMed Mosher TJ, Smith H, Dardzinski BJ, Schmithorst VJ, Smith MB. MR imaging and T2 mapping of femoral cartilage: in vivo determination of the magic angle effect. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;177(3):665–9.PubMed
188.
go back to reference Mamisch TC, Hughes T, Mosher TJ, Mueller C, Trattnig S, Boesch C, et al. T2 star relaxation times for assessment of articular cartilage at 3 T: a feasibility study. Skeletal Radiol. 2011:ePub. Mamisch TC, Hughes T, Mosher TJ, Mueller C, Trattnig S, Boesch C, et al. T2 star relaxation times for assessment of articular cartilage at 3 T: a feasibility study. Skeletal Radiol. 2011:ePub.
189.
go back to reference Xia Y, Moody JB, Alhadlaq H. Orientational dependence of T2 relaxation in articular cartilage: A microscopic MRI (microMRI) study. Magn Reson Med. 2002;48(3):460–9.PubMed Xia Y, Moody JB, Alhadlaq H. Orientational dependence of T2 relaxation in articular cartilage: A microscopic MRI (microMRI) study. Magn Reson Med. 2002;48(3):460–9.PubMed
190.
go back to reference Blumenkrantz G, Majumdar S. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. Eur Cell Mater. 2007;13:76–86.PubMed Blumenkrantz G, Majumdar S. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. Eur Cell Mater. 2007;13:76–86.PubMed
191.
go back to reference Borthakur A, Shapiro EM, Beers J, Kudchodkar S, Kneeland JB, Reddy R. Sensitivity of MRI to proteoglycan depletion in cartilage: comparison of sodium and proton MRI. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000;8(4):288–93.PubMed Borthakur A, Shapiro EM, Beers J, Kudchodkar S, Kneeland JB, Reddy R. Sensitivity of MRI to proteoglycan depletion in cartilage: comparison of sodium and proton MRI. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000;8(4):288–93.PubMed
192.
go back to reference Mlynarik V, Trattnig S, Huber M, Zembsch A, Imhof H. The role of relaxation times in monitoring proteoglycan depletion in articular cartilage. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999;10(4):497–502.PubMed Mlynarik V, Trattnig S, Huber M, Zembsch A, Imhof H. The role of relaxation times in monitoring proteoglycan depletion in articular cartilage. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999;10(4):497–502.PubMed
193.
go back to reference Bolbos RI, Ma CB, Link TM, Majumdar S, Li X. In vivo T1rho quantitative assessment of knee cartilage after anterior cruciate ligament injury using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol. 2008;43(11):782–8.PubMedPubMedCentral Bolbos RI, Ma CB, Link TM, Majumdar S, Li X. In vivo T1rho quantitative assessment of knee cartilage after anterior cruciate ligament injury using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol. 2008;43(11):782–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
194.
go back to reference Zhao J, Li X, Bolbos RI, Link TM, Majumdar S. Longitudinal assessment of bone marrow edema-like lesions and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis using 3 T MR T1rho quantification. Skeletal Radiol. 2010;39(6):523–31.PubMedPubMedCentral Zhao J, Li X, Bolbos RI, Link TM, Majumdar S. Longitudinal assessment of bone marrow edema-like lesions and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis using 3 T MR T1rho quantification. Skeletal Radiol. 2010;39(6):523–31.PubMedPubMedCentral
195.
go back to reference Witschey WR, Borthakur A, Fenty M, Kneeland BJ, Lonner JH, McArdle EL, et al. T1rho MRI quantification of arthroscopically confirmed cartilage degeneration. Magn Reson Med. 2010;63(5):1376–82.PubMedPubMedCentral Witschey WR, Borthakur A, Fenty M, Kneeland BJ, Lonner JH, McArdle EL, et al. T1rho MRI quantification of arthroscopically confirmed cartilage degeneration. Magn Reson Med. 2010;63(5):1376–82.PubMedPubMedCentral
196.
go back to reference Holtzman DJ, Theologis AA, Carballido-Gamio J, Majumdar S, Li X, Benjamin C. T(1rho) and T(2) quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis of cartilage regeneration following microfracture and mosaicplasty cartilage resurfacing procedures. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010;32(4):914–23.PubMedPubMedCentral Holtzman DJ, Theologis AA, Carballido-Gamio J, Majumdar S, Li X, Benjamin C. T(1rho) and T(2) quantitative magnetic resonance imaging analysis of cartilage regeneration following microfracture and mosaicplasty cartilage resurfacing procedures. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010;32(4):914–23.PubMedPubMedCentral
197.
go back to reference Duvvuri U, Reddy R, Patel SD, Kaufman JH, Kneeland JB, Leigh JS. T1rho-relaxation in articular cartilage: effects of enzymatic degradation. Magn Reson Med. 1997;38(6):863–7.PubMed Duvvuri U, Reddy R, Patel SD, Kaufman JH, Kneeland JB, Leigh JS. T1rho-relaxation in articular cartilage: effects of enzymatic degradation. Magn Reson Med. 1997;38(6):863–7.PubMed
198.
go back to reference Akella SV, Regatte RR, Gougoutas AJ, Borthakur A, Shapiro EM, Kneeland JB, et al. Proteoglycan-induced changes in T1rho-relaxation of articular cartilage at 4 T. Magn Reson Med. 2001;46(3):419–23.PubMed Akella SV, Regatte RR, Gougoutas AJ, Borthakur A, Shapiro EM, Kneeland JB, et al. Proteoglycan-induced changes in T1rho-relaxation of articular cartilage at 4 T. Magn Reson Med. 2001;46(3):419–23.PubMed
199.
go back to reference Menezes NM, Gray ML, Hartke JR, Burstein D. T2 and T1rho MRI in articular cartilage systems. Magn Reson Med. 2004;51(3):503–9.PubMed Menezes NM, Gray ML, Hartke JR, Burstein D. T2 and T1rho MRI in articular cartilage systems. Magn Reson Med. 2004;51(3):503–9.PubMed
200.
go back to reference Regatte RR, Akella SV, Wheaton AJ, Lech G, Borthakur A, Kneeland JB, et al. 3D-T1rho-relaxation mapping of articular cartilage: in vivo assessment of early degenerative changes in symptomatic osteoarthritic subjects. Acad Radiol. 2004;11(7):741–9.PubMed Regatte RR, Akella SV, Wheaton AJ, Lech G, Borthakur A, Kneeland JB, et al. 3D-T1rho-relaxation mapping of articular cartilage: in vivo assessment of early degenerative changes in symptomatic osteoarthritic subjects. Acad Radiol. 2004;11(7):741–9.PubMed
201.
go back to reference Regatte RR, Akella SV, Lonner JH, Kneeland JB, Reddy R. T1rho relaxation mapping in human osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage: comparison of T1rho with T2. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;23(4):547–53.PubMed Regatte RR, Akella SV, Lonner JH, Kneeland JB, Reddy R. T1rho relaxation mapping in human osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage: comparison of T1rho with T2. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;23(4):547–53.PubMed
202.
go back to reference Li X, Han ET, Ma CB, Link TM, Newitt DC, Majumdar S. In vivo 3 T spiral imaging based multi-slice T(1rho) mapping of knee cartilage in osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Med. 2005;54(4):929–36.PubMed Li X, Han ET, Ma CB, Link TM, Newitt DC, Majumdar S. In vivo 3 T spiral imaging based multi-slice T(1rho) mapping of knee cartilage in osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Med. 2005;54(4):929–36.PubMed
203.
go back to reference Lesperance LM, Gray ML, Burstein D. Determination of fixed charge density in cartilage using nuclear magnetic resonance. J Orthop Res. 1992;10(1):1–13.PubMed Lesperance LM, Gray ML, Burstein D. Determination of fixed charge density in cartilage using nuclear magnetic resonance. J Orthop Res. 1992;10(1):1–13.PubMed
204.
go back to reference Borthakur A, Mellon E, Niyogi S, Witschey W, Kneeland JB, Reddy R. Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage. NMR Biomed. 2006;19(7):781–821.PubMedPubMedCentral Borthakur A, Mellon E, Niyogi S, Witschey W, Kneeland JB, Reddy R. Sodium and T1rho MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage. NMR Biomed. 2006;19(7):781–821.PubMedPubMedCentral
205.
go back to reference Reddy R, Insko EK, Leigh JS. Triple quantum sodium imaging of articular cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 1997;38(2):279–84.PubMed Reddy R, Insko EK, Leigh JS. Triple quantum sodium imaging of articular cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 1997;38(2):279–84.PubMed
206.
go back to reference Madelin G, Lee JS, Inati S, Jerschow A, Regatte RR. Sodium inversion recovery MRI of the knee joint in vivo at 7 T. J Magn Reson. 2010;207(1):42–52.PubMedPubMedCentral Madelin G, Lee JS, Inati S, Jerschow A, Regatte RR. Sodium inversion recovery MRI of the knee joint in vivo at 7 T. J Magn Reson. 2010;207(1):42–52.PubMedPubMedCentral
207.
go back to reference Gold GE, Hargreaves BA, Stevens KJ, Beaulieu CF. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage. Orthop Clin North Am. 2006; 37(3):331–347, viPubMed Gold GE, Hargreaves BA, Stevens KJ, Beaulieu CF. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage. Orthop Clin North Am. 2006; 37(3):331–347, viPubMed
208.
go back to reference Trattnig S, Welsch GH, Juras V, Szomolanyi P, Mayerhoefer ME, Stelzeneder D, et al. 23Na MR imaging at 7 T after knee matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation preliminary results. Radiology. 2010;257(1):175–84.PubMed Trattnig S, Welsch GH, Juras V, Szomolanyi P, Mayerhoefer ME, Stelzeneder D, et al. 23Na MR imaging at 7 T after knee matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation preliminary results. Radiology. 2010;257(1):175–84.PubMed
209.
go back to reference Wang L, Wu Y, Chang G, Oesingmann N, Schweitzer ME, Jerschow A, et al. Rapid isotropic 3D-sodium MRI of the knee joint in vivo at 7 T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;30(3):606–14.PubMedPubMedCentral Wang L, Wu Y, Chang G, Oesingmann N, Schweitzer ME, Jerschow A, et al. Rapid isotropic 3D-sodium MRI of the knee joint in vivo at 7 T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;30(3):606–14.PubMedPubMedCentral
210.
go back to reference Deng X, Farley M, Nieminen MT, Gray M, Burstein D. Diffusion tensor imaging of native and degenerated human articular cartilage. Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;25(2):168–71.PubMed Deng X, Farley M, Nieminen MT, Gray M, Burstein D. Diffusion tensor imaging of native and degenerated human articular cartilage. Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;25(2):168–71.PubMed
211.
go back to reference Glaser C. New techniques for cartilage imaging: T2 relaxation time and diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 2005; 43(4):641–653, vii.PubMed Glaser C. New techniques for cartilage imaging: T2 relaxation time and diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Radiol Clin North Am. 2005; 43(4):641–653, vii.PubMed
212.
go back to reference Xia Y, Farquhar T, Burton-Wurster N, Vernier-Singer M, Lust G, Jelinski LW. Self-diffusion monitors degraded cartilage. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995;323(2):323–8.PubMed Xia Y, Farquhar T, Burton-Wurster N, Vernier-Singer M, Lust G, Jelinski LW. Self-diffusion monitors degraded cartilage. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995;323(2):323–8.PubMed
213.
go back to reference Friedrich KM, Mamisch TC, Plank C, Langs G, Marlovits S, Salomonowitz E, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging for the follow-up of patients after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Eur J Radiol. 2010;73(3):622–8.PubMed Friedrich KM, Mamisch TC, Plank C, Langs G, Marlovits S, Salomonowitz E, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging for the follow-up of patients after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Eur J Radiol. 2010;73(3):622–8.PubMed
214.
go back to reference Mamisch TC, Menzel MI, Welsch GH, Bittersohl B, Salomonowitz E, Szomolanyi P, et al. Steady-state diffusion imaging for MR in-vivo evaluation of reparative cartilage after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation at 3 Tesla–preliminary results. Eur J Radiol. 2008;65(1):72–9.PubMed Mamisch TC, Menzel MI, Welsch GH, Bittersohl B, Salomonowitz E, Szomolanyi P, et al. Steady-state diffusion imaging for MR in-vivo evaluation of reparative cartilage after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation at 3 Tesla–preliminary results. Eur J Radiol. 2008;65(1):72–9.PubMed
215.
go back to reference Quirbach S, Trattnig S, Marlovits S, Zimmermann V, Domayer S, Dorotka R, et al. Initial results of in vivo high-resolution morphological and biochemical cartilage imaging of patients after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) of the ankle. Skeletal Radiol. 2009;38(8):751–60.PubMed Quirbach S, Trattnig S, Marlovits S, Zimmermann V, Domayer S, Dorotka R, et al. Initial results of in vivo high-resolution morphological and biochemical cartilage imaging of patients after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) of the ankle. Skeletal Radiol. 2009;38(8):751–60.PubMed
216.
go back to reference Miller KL, Hargreaves BA, Gold GE, Pauly JM. Steady-state diffusion-weighted imaging of in vivo knee cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 2004;51(2):394–8.PubMed Miller KL, Hargreaves BA, Gold GE, Pauly JM. Steady-state diffusion-weighted imaging of in vivo knee cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 2004;51(2):394–8.PubMed
217.
go back to reference de Visser SK, Bowden JC, Wentrup-Byrne E, Rintoul L, Bostrom T, Pope JM, et al. Anisotropy of collagen fibre alignment in bovine cartilage: comparison of polarised light microscopy and spatially resolved diffusion-tensor measurements. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16(6):689–97.PubMed de Visser SK, Bowden JC, Wentrup-Byrne E, Rintoul L, Bostrom T, Pope JM, et al. Anisotropy of collagen fibre alignment in bovine cartilage: comparison of polarised light microscopy and spatially resolved diffusion-tensor measurements. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16(6):689–97.PubMed
218.
go back to reference Raya JG, Melkus G, Adam-Neumair S, Dietrich O, Mutzel E, Kahr B, et al. Change of diffusion tensor imaging parameters in articular cartilage with progressive proteoglycan extraction. Invest Radiol. 2011;46(6):401–9.PubMed Raya JG, Melkus G, Adam-Neumair S, Dietrich O, Mutzel E, Kahr B, et al. Change of diffusion tensor imaging parameters in articular cartilage with progressive proteoglycan extraction. Invest Radiol. 2011;46(6):401–9.PubMed
219.
go back to reference Azuma T, Nakai R, Takizawa O, Tsutsumi S. In vivo structural analysis of articular cartilage using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;27(9):1242–8.PubMed Azuma T, Nakai R, Takizawa O, Tsutsumi S. In vivo structural analysis of articular cartilage using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;27(9):1242–8.PubMed
220.
go back to reference Gold GE, Thedens DR, Pauly JM, Fechner KP, Bergman G, Beaulieu CF, et al. MR imaging of articular cartilage of the knee: new methods using ultrashort TEs. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170(5):1223–6.PubMed Gold GE, Thedens DR, Pauly JM, Fechner KP, Bergman G, Beaulieu CF, et al. MR imaging of articular cartilage of the knee: new methods using ultrashort TEs. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170(5):1223–6.PubMed
221.
go back to reference Freeman DM, Bergman G, Glover G. Short TE MR microscopy: accurate measurement and zonal differentiation of normal hyaline cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 1997;38(1):72–81.PubMed Freeman DM, Bergman G, Glover G. Short TE MR microscopy: accurate measurement and zonal differentiation of normal hyaline cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 1997;38(1):72–81.PubMed
222.
go back to reference Bae WC, Dwek JR, Znamirowski R, Statum SM, Hermida JC, D'Lima DD, et al. Ultrashort echo time MR imaging of osteochondral junction of the knee at 3 T: identification of anatomic structures contributing to signal intensity. Radiology. 2010;254(3):837–45.PubMedPubMedCentral Bae WC, Dwek JR, Znamirowski R, Statum SM, Hermida JC, D'Lima DD, et al. Ultrashort echo time MR imaging of osteochondral junction of the knee at 3 T: identification of anatomic structures contributing to signal intensity. Radiology. 2010;254(3):837–45.PubMedPubMedCentral
223.
go back to reference Koff MF, Potter HG. Noncontrast MR techniques and imaging of cartilage. Radiol Clin North Am. 2009;47(3):495–504.PubMed Koff MF, Potter HG. Noncontrast MR techniques and imaging of cartilage. Radiol Clin North Am. 2009;47(3):495–504.PubMed
224.
go back to reference Gatehouse PD, Thomas RW, Robson MD, Hamilton G, Herlihy AH, Bydder GM. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee with ultrashort TE pulse sequences. Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;22(8):1061–7.PubMed Gatehouse PD, Thomas RW, Robson MD, Hamilton G, Herlihy AH, Bydder GM. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee with ultrashort TE pulse sequences. Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;22(8):1061–7.PubMed
225.
go back to reference Williams A, Qian Y, Chu CR. UTE-T2 * mapping of human articular cartilage in vivo: a repeatability assessment. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011;19(1):84–8.PubMed Williams A, Qian Y, Chu CR. UTE-T2 * mapping of human articular cartilage in vivo: a repeatability assessment. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2011;19(1):84–8.PubMed
226.
go back to reference Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, Schuman JS, Stinson WG, Chang W, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science. 1991;254(5035):1178–81.PubMedPubMedCentral Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, Schuman JS, Stinson WG, Chang W, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science. 1991;254(5035):1178–81.PubMedPubMedCentral
227.
go back to reference Pan Y, Li Z, Xie T, Chu CR. Hand-held arthroscopic optical coherence tomography for in vivo high-resolution imaging of articular cartilage. J Biomed Opt. 2003;8(4):648–54.PubMed Pan Y, Li Z, Xie T, Chu CR. Hand-held arthroscopic optical coherence tomography for in vivo high-resolution imaging of articular cartilage. J Biomed Opt. 2003;8(4):648–54.PubMed
228.
go back to reference Herrmann JM, Pitris C, Bouma BE, Boppart SA, Jesser CA, Stamper DL, et al. High resolution imaging of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage with optical coherence tomography. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(3):627–35.PubMed Herrmann JM, Pitris C, Bouma BE, Boppart SA, Jesser CA, Stamper DL, et al. High resolution imaging of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage with optical coherence tomography. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(3):627–35.PubMed
229.
go back to reference Chu CR, Williams A, Tolliver D, Kwoh CK, Bruno 3rd S, Irrgang JJ. Clinical optical coherence tomography of early articular cartilage degeneration in patients with degenerative meniscal tears. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(5):1412–20.PubMedPubMedCentral Chu CR, Williams A, Tolliver D, Kwoh CK, Bruno 3rd S, Irrgang JJ. Clinical optical coherence tomography of early articular cartilage degeneration in patients with degenerative meniscal tears. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(5):1412–20.PubMedPubMedCentral
230.
go back to reference Chu CR, Lin D, Geisler JL, Chu CT, Fu FH, Pan Y. Arthroscopic microscopy of articular cartilage using optical coherence tomography. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(3):699–709.PubMed Chu CR, Lin D, Geisler JL, Chu CT, Fu FH, Pan Y. Arthroscopic microscopy of articular cartilage using optical coherence tomography. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(3):699–709.PubMed
231.
go back to reference Bear DM, Williams A, Chu CT, Coyle CH, Chu CR. Optical coherence tomography grading correlates with MRI T2 mapping and extracellular matrix content. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(4):546–52.PubMedPubMedCentral Bear DM, Williams A, Chu CT, Coyle CH, Chu CR. Optical coherence tomography grading correlates with MRI T2 mapping and extracellular matrix content. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(4):546–52.PubMedPubMedCentral
232.
go back to reference Eckstein F, Tieschky M, Faber SC, Haubner M, Kolem H, Englmeier KH, et al. Effect of physical exercise on cartilage volume and thickness in vivo: MR imaging study. Radiology. 1998;207(1):243–8.PubMed Eckstein F, Tieschky M, Faber SC, Haubner M, Kolem H, Englmeier KH, et al. Effect of physical exercise on cartilage volume and thickness in vivo: MR imaging study. Radiology. 1998;207(1):243–8.PubMed
233.
go back to reference Eckstein F, Lemberger B, Gratzke C, Hudelmaier M, Glaser C, Englmeier KH, et al. In vivo cartilage deformation after different types of activity and its dependence on physical training status. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(2):291–5.PubMedPubMedCentral Eckstein F, Lemberger B, Gratzke C, Hudelmaier M, Glaser C, Englmeier KH, et al. In vivo cartilage deformation after different types of activity and its dependence on physical training status. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(2):291–5.PubMedPubMedCentral
234.
go back to reference Rubenstein JD, Kim JK, Henkelman RM. Effects of compression and recovery on bovine articular cartilage: appearance on MR images. Radiology. 1996;201(3):843–50.PubMed Rubenstein JD, Kim JK, Henkelman RM. Effects of compression and recovery on bovine articular cartilage: appearance on MR images. Radiology. 1996;201(3):843–50.PubMed
235.
go back to reference Xia Y, Wang N, Lee J, Badar F. Strain-dependent T(1) relaxation profiles in articular cartilage by MRI at microscopic resolutions. Magn Reson Med. 2011;65(6):1733–7.PubMedPubMedCentral Xia Y, Wang N, Lee J, Badar F. Strain-dependent T(1) relaxation profiles in articular cartilage by MRI at microscopic resolutions. Magn Reson Med. 2011;65(6):1733–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
236.
go back to reference Mosher TJ, Smith HE, Collins C, Liu Y, Hancy J, Dardzinski BJ, et al. Change in knee cartilage T2 at MR imaging after running: a feasibility study. Radiology. 2005;234(1):245–9.PubMed Mosher TJ, Smith HE, Collins C, Liu Y, Hancy J, Dardzinski BJ, et al. Change in knee cartilage T2 at MR imaging after running: a feasibility study. Radiology. 2005;234(1):245–9.PubMed
237.
go back to reference Grunder W, Wagner M, Werner A. MR-microscopic visualization of anisotropic internal cartilage structures using the magic angle technique. Magn Reson Med. 1998;39(3):376–82.PubMed Grunder W, Wagner M, Werner A. MR-microscopic visualization of anisotropic internal cartilage structures using the magic angle technique. Magn Reson Med. 1998;39(3):376–82.PubMed
238.
go back to reference Nag D, Liney GP, Gillespie P, Sherman KP. Quantification of T(2) relaxation changes in articular cartilage with in situ mechanical loading of the knee. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;19(3):317–22.PubMed Nag D, Liney GP, Gillespie P, Sherman KP. Quantification of T(2) relaxation changes in articular cartilage with in situ mechanical loading of the knee. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;19(3):317–22.PubMed
239.
go back to reference Wong M, Carter DR. Articular cartilage functional histomorphology and mechanobiology: a research perspective. Bone. 2003;33(1):1–13.PubMed Wong M, Carter DR. Articular cartilage functional histomorphology and mechanobiology: a research perspective. Bone. 2003;33(1):1–13.PubMed
240.
go back to reference Wong BL, Sah RL. Mechanical asymmetry during articulation of tibial and femoral cartilages: local and overall compressive and shear deformation and properties. J Biomech. 2011;43(9):1689–95. Wong BL, Sah RL. Mechanical asymmetry during articulation of tibial and femoral cartilages: local and overall compressive and shear deformation and properties. J Biomech. 2011;43(9):1689–95.
242.
go back to reference Tiderius CJ, Svensson J, Leander P, Ola T, Dahlberg L. dGEMRIC (delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage) indicates adaptive capacity of human knee cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 2004;51(2):286–90.PubMed Tiderius CJ, Svensson J, Leander P, Ola T, Dahlberg L. dGEMRIC (delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage) indicates adaptive capacity of human knee cartilage. Magn Reson Med. 2004;51(2):286–90.PubMed
243.
go back to reference Tiderius CJ. Another step towards the understanding of the earliest stages of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009;17(12):1534–5.PubMed Tiderius CJ. Another step towards the understanding of the earliest stages of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009;17(12):1534–5.PubMed
244.
go back to reference Anandacoomarasamy A, Giuffre BM, Leibman S, Caterson ID, Smith GS, Fransen M, et al. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage: clinical associations in obese adults. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(5):1056–62.PubMed Anandacoomarasamy A, Giuffre BM, Leibman S, Caterson ID, Smith GS, Fransen M, et al. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage: clinical associations in obese adults. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(5):1056–62.PubMed
245.
go back to reference Stehling C, Liebl H, Krug R, Lane NE, Nevitt MC, Lynch J, et al. Patellar cartilage: T2 values and morphologic abnormalities at 3.0-T MR imaging in relation to physical activity in asymptomatic subjects from the osteoarthritis initiative. Radiology. 254(2):509–20.PubMedPubMedCentral Stehling C, Liebl H, Krug R, Lane NE, Nevitt MC, Lynch J, et al. Patellar cartilage: T2 values and morphologic abnormalities at 3.0-T MR imaging in relation to physical activity in asymptomatic subjects from the osteoarthritis initiative. Radiology. 254(2):509–20.PubMedPubMedCentral
246.
go back to reference Reynolds G. Phys Ed: can running actually help your knees? New York Times. 2009 August 11. Reynolds G. Phys Ed: can running actually help your knees? New York Times. 2009 August 11.
247.
go back to reference Hohmann E, Wortler K, Imhoff AB. MR imaging of the hip and knee before and after marathon running. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(1):55–9.PubMed Hohmann E, Wortler K, Imhoff AB. MR imaging of the hip and knee before and after marathon running. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(1):55–9.PubMed
248.
go back to reference Krampla W, Mayrhofer R, Malcher J, Kristen KH, Urban M, Hruby W. MR imaging of the knee in marathon runners before and after competition. Skeletal Radiol. 2001;30(2):72–6.PubMed Krampla W, Mayrhofer R, Malcher J, Kristen KH, Urban M, Hruby W. MR imaging of the knee in marathon runners before and after competition. Skeletal Radiol. 2001;30(2):72–6.PubMed
249.
go back to reference Shellock FG, Deutsch AL, Mink JH, Kerr R. Do asymptomatic marathon runners have an increased prevalence of meniscal abnormalities? An MR study of the knee in 23 volunteers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991;157(6):1239–41.PubMed Shellock FG, Deutsch AL, Mink JH, Kerr R. Do asymptomatic marathon runners have an increased prevalence of meniscal abnormalities? An MR study of the knee in 23 volunteers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991;157(6):1239–41.PubMed
250.
go back to reference Stahl R, Luke A, Ma CB, Krug R, Steinbach L, Majumdar S, et al. Prevalence of pathologic findings in asymptomatic knees of marathon runners before and after a competition in comparison with physically active subjects-a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging study. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(7):627–38.PubMed Stahl R, Luke A, Ma CB, Krug R, Steinbach L, Majumdar S, et al. Prevalence of pathologic findings in asymptomatic knees of marathon runners before and after a competition in comparison with physically active subjects-a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging study. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(7):627–38.PubMed
251.
go back to reference Kessler MA, Glaser C, Tittel S, Reiser M, Imhoff AB. Recovery of the menisci and articular cartilage of runners after cessation of exercise: additional aspects of in vivo investigation based on 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(5):966–70.PubMed Kessler MA, Glaser C, Tittel S, Reiser M, Imhoff AB. Recovery of the menisci and articular cartilage of runners after cessation of exercise: additional aspects of in vivo investigation based on 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(5):966–70.PubMed
252.
go back to reference Schueller-Weidekamm C, Schueller G, Uffmann M, Bader TR. Does marathon running cause acute lesions of the knee? Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol. 2006;16(10):2179–85.PubMed Schueller-Weidekamm C, Schueller G, Uffmann M, Bader TR. Does marathon running cause acute lesions of the knee? Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol. 2006;16(10):2179–85.PubMed
253.
go back to reference Mosher TJ, Liu Y, Torok CM. Functional cartilage MRI T2 mapping: evaluating the effect of age and training on knee cartilage response to running. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010;18(3):358–64.PubMed Mosher TJ, Liu Y, Torok CM. Functional cartilage MRI T2 mapping: evaluating the effect of age and training on knee cartilage response to running. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010;18(3):358–64.PubMed
254.
go back to reference Luke AC, Stehling C, Stahl R, Li X, Kay T, Takamoto S, et al. High-field magnetic resonance imaging assessment of articular cartilage before and after marathon running: does long-distance running lead to cartilage damage? Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(11):2273–80.PubMed Luke AC, Stehling C, Stahl R, Li X, Kay T, Takamoto S, et al. High-field magnetic resonance imaging assessment of articular cartilage before and after marathon running: does long-distance running lead to cartilage damage? Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(11):2273–80.PubMed
255.
go back to reference Kiviranta I, Tammi M, Jurvelin J, Arokoski J. Saamanen AM. Helminen HJ Articular cartilage thickness and glycosaminoglycan distribution in the canine knee joint after strenuous running exercise Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;283:302–8. Kiviranta I, Tammi M, Jurvelin J, Arokoski J. Saamanen AM. Helminen HJ Articular cartilage thickness and glycosaminoglycan distribution in the canine knee joint after strenuous running exercise Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;283:302–8.
256.
go back to reference Krampla WW, Newrkla SP, Kroener AH, Hruby WF. Changes on magnetic resonance tomography in the knee joints of marathon runners: a 10-year longitudinal study. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(7):619–26.PubMed Krampla WW, Newrkla SP, Kroener AH, Hruby WF. Changes on magnetic resonance tomography in the knee joints of marathon runners: a 10-year longitudinal study. Skeletal Radiol. 2008;37(7):619–26.PubMed
257.
go back to reference Roos EM, Dahlberg L. Positive effects of moderate exercise on glycosaminoglycan content in knee cartilage: a four-month, randomized, controlled trial in patients at risk of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(11):3507–14.PubMed Roos EM, Dahlberg L. Positive effects of moderate exercise on glycosaminoglycan content in knee cartilage: a four-month, randomized, controlled trial in patients at risk of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(11):3507–14.PubMed
258.
go back to reference Buckwalter JA. Chondral and osteochondral injuries: mechanisms of injury and repair responses. Op Tech Orthop. 1997;7(4):263–9. Buckwalter JA. Chondral and osteochondral injuries: mechanisms of injury and repair responses. Op Tech Orthop. 1997;7(4):263–9.
259.
go back to reference Burstein D, Gray M. New MRI techniques for imaging cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003; 85-A Suppl 2:70–7.PubMed Burstein D, Gray M. New MRI techniques for imaging cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003; 85-A Suppl 2:70–7.PubMed
260.
go back to reference Tiderius CJ, Olsson LE, Nyquist F, Dahlberg L. Cartilage glycosaminoglycan loss in the acute phase after an anterior cruciate ligament injury: delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage and synovial fluid analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(1):120–7.PubMed Tiderius CJ, Olsson LE, Nyquist F, Dahlberg L. Cartilage glycosaminoglycan loss in the acute phase after an anterior cruciate ligament injury: delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage and synovial fluid analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(1):120–7.PubMed
261.
go back to reference Li X, Ma BC, Bolbos RI, Stahl R, Lozano J, Zuo J, et al. Quantitative assessment of bone marrow edema-like lesion and overlying cartilage in knees with osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament tear using MR imaging and spectroscopic imaging at 3 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;28(2):453–61.PubMedPubMedCentral Li X, Ma BC, Bolbos RI, Stahl R, Lozano J, Zuo J, et al. Quantitative assessment of bone marrow edema-like lesion and overlying cartilage in knees with osteoarthritis and anterior cruciate ligament tear using MR imaging and spectroscopic imaging at 3 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;28(2):453–61.PubMedPubMedCentral
262.
go back to reference Bolbos RI, Link TM, Ma CB, Majumdar S, Li X. T1rho relaxation time of the meniscus and its relationship with T1rho of adjacent cartilage in knees with acute ACL injuries at 3 T. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009;17(1):12–8.PubMed Bolbos RI, Link TM, Ma CB, Majumdar S, Li X. T1rho relaxation time of the meniscus and its relationship with T1rho of adjacent cartilage in knees with acute ACL injuries at 3 T. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009;17(1):12–8.PubMed
263.
go back to reference Young AA, Stanwell P, Williams A, Rohrsheim JA, Parker DA, Giuffre B, et al. Glycosaminoglycan content of knee cartilage following posterior cruciate ligament rupture demonstrated by delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(12):2763–7.PubMed Young AA, Stanwell P, Williams A, Rohrsheim JA, Parker DA, Giuffre B, et al. Glycosaminoglycan content of knee cartilage following posterior cruciate ligament rupture demonstrated by delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(12):2763–7.PubMed
264.
go back to reference Williams A, Gillis A, McKenzie C, Po B, Sharma L, Micheli L, et al. Glycosaminoglycan distribution in cartilage as determined by delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC): potential clinical applications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182(1):167–72.PubMed Williams A, Gillis A, McKenzie C, Po B, Sharma L, Micheli L, et al. Glycosaminoglycan distribution in cartilage as determined by delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC): potential clinical applications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182(1):167–72.PubMed
265.
go back to reference Tiderius CJ, Olsson LE, Leander P, Ekberg O, Dahlberg L. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in early knee osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Med. 2003;49(3):488–92.PubMed Tiderius CJ, Olsson LE, Leander P, Ekberg O, Dahlberg L. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in early knee osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Med. 2003;49(3):488–92.PubMed
266.
go back to reference Owman H, Tiderius CJ, Neuman P, Nyquist F, Dahlberg LE. Association between findings on delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage and future knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(6):1727–30.PubMed Owman H, Tiderius CJ, Neuman P, Nyquist F, Dahlberg LE. Association between findings on delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage and future knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(6):1727–30.PubMed
267.
go back to reference Dunn TC, Lu Y, Jin H, Ries MD, Majumdar S. T2 relaxation time of cartilage at MR imaging: comparison with severity of knee osteoarthritis. Radiology. 2004;232(2):592–8.PubMed Dunn TC, Lu Y, Jin H, Ries MD, Majumdar S. T2 relaxation time of cartilage at MR imaging: comparison with severity of knee osteoarthritis. Radiology. 2004;232(2):592–8.PubMed
268.
go back to reference Stahl R, Luke A, Li X, Carballido-Gamio J, Ma CB, Majumdar S, et al. T1rho, T2 and focal knee cartilage abnormalities in physically active and sedentary healthy subjects versus early OA patients–a 3.0-Tesla MRI study. Eur Radiol. 2009;19(1):132–43.PubMed Stahl R, Luke A, Li X, Carballido-Gamio J, Ma CB, Majumdar S, et al. T1rho, T2 and focal knee cartilage abnormalities in physically active and sedentary healthy subjects versus early OA patients–a 3.0-Tesla MRI study. Eur Radiol. 2009;19(1):132–43.PubMed
269.
go back to reference Majumdar S, Li X, Blumenkrantz G, Saldanha K, Ma CB, Kim H, et al. MR imaging and early cartilage degeneration and strategies for monitoring regeneration. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2006;6(4):382–4.PubMed Majumdar S, Li X, Blumenkrantz G, Saldanha K, Ma CB, Kim H, et al. MR imaging and early cartilage degeneration and strategies for monitoring regeneration. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2006;6(4):382–4.PubMed
270.
go back to reference Li X. Benjamin Ma C, Link TM, Castillo DD, Blumenkrantz G, Lozano J, et al. In vivo T(1rho) and T(2) mapping of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis of the knee using 3 T MRI. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(7):789–97.PubMedPubMedCentral Li X. Benjamin Ma C, Link TM, Castillo DD, Blumenkrantz G, Lozano J, et al. In vivo T(1rho) and T(2) mapping of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis of the knee using 3 T MRI. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(7):789–97.PubMedPubMedCentral
271.
go back to reference Kim YJ, Jaramillo D, Millis MB, Gray ML, Burstein D. Assessment of early osteoarthritis in hip dysplasia with delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003; 85-A(10):1987–92.PubMed Kim YJ, Jaramillo D, Millis MB, Gray ML, Burstein D. Assessment of early osteoarthritis in hip dysplasia with delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003; 85-A(10):1987–92.PubMed
272.
go back to reference Williams A, Sharma L, McKenzie CA, Prasad PV, Burstein D. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage in knee osteoarthritis: findings at different radiographic stages of disease and relationship to malalignment. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(11):3528–35.PubMed Williams A, Sharma L, McKenzie CA, Prasad PV, Burstein D. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage in knee osteoarthritis: findings at different radiographic stages of disease and relationship to malalignment. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(11):3528–35.PubMed
273.
go back to reference Gomoll AH, Farr J, Gillogly SD, Kercher J, Minas T. Surgical management of articular cartilage defects of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(14):2470–90.PubMed Gomoll AH, Farr J, Gillogly SD, Kercher J, Minas T. Surgical management of articular cartilage defects of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(14):2470–90.PubMed
274.
go back to reference Williams RJ, Gamradt SC. Articular cartilage repair using a resorbable matrix scaffold. Instr Course Lect. 2008;57:563–71.PubMed Williams RJ, Gamradt SC. Articular cartilage repair using a resorbable matrix scaffold. Instr Course Lect. 2008;57:563–71.PubMed
275.
go back to reference Cole BJ, Farr J, Winalski CS, Hosea T, Richmond J, Mandelbaum B, et al. Outcomes After a Single-Stage Procedure for Cell-Based Cartilage Repair: A Prospective Clinical Safety Trial With 2-year Follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(6):1170–9.PubMed Cole BJ, Farr J, Winalski CS, Hosea T, Richmond J, Mandelbaum B, et al. Outcomes After a Single-Stage Procedure for Cell-Based Cartilage Repair: A Prospective Clinical Safety Trial With 2-year Follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39(6):1170–9.PubMed
276.
go back to reference Trattnig S, Domayer S, Welsch GW, Mosher T, Eckstein F. MR imaging of cartilage and its repair in the knee–a review. Eur Radiol. 2009;19(7):1582–94.PubMed Trattnig S, Domayer S, Welsch GW, Mosher T, Eckstein F. MR imaging of cartilage and its repair in the knee–a review. Eur Radiol. 2009;19(7):1582–94.PubMed
277.
go back to reference White LM, Sussman MS, Hurtig M, Probyn L, Tomlinson G, Kandel R. Cartilage T2 assessment: differentiation of normal hyaline cartilage and reparative tissue after arthroscopic cartilage repair in equine subjects. Radiology. 2006;241(2):407–14.PubMed White LM, Sussman MS, Hurtig M, Probyn L, Tomlinson G, Kandel R. Cartilage T2 assessment: differentiation of normal hyaline cartilage and reparative tissue after arthroscopic cartilage repair in equine subjects. Radiology. 2006;241(2):407–14.PubMed
278.
go back to reference Welsch GH, Mamisch TC, Domayer SE, Dorotka R, Kutscha-Lissberg F, Marlovits S, et al. Cartilage T2 assessment at 3-T MR imaging: in vivo differentiation of normal hyaline cartilage from reparative tissue after two cartilage repair procedures–initial experience. Radiology. 2008;247(1):154–61.PubMed Welsch GH, Mamisch TC, Domayer SE, Dorotka R, Kutscha-Lissberg F, Marlovits S, et al. Cartilage T2 assessment at 3-T MR imaging: in vivo differentiation of normal hyaline cartilage from reparative tissue after two cartilage repair procedures–initial experience. Radiology. 2008;247(1):154–61.PubMed
279.
go back to reference Kurkijarvi JE, Mattila L, Ojala RO, Vasara AI, Jurvelin JS, Kiviranta I, et al. Evaluation of cartilage repair in the distal femur after autologous chondrocyte transplantation using T2 relaxation time and dGEMRIC. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(4):372–8.PubMed Kurkijarvi JE, Mattila L, Ojala RO, Vasara AI, Jurvelin JS, Kiviranta I, et al. Evaluation of cartilage repair in the distal femur after autologous chondrocyte transplantation using T2 relaxation time and dGEMRIC. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(4):372–8.PubMed
280.
go back to reference Domayer SE, Kutscha-Lissberg F, Welsch G, Dorotka R, Nehrer S, Gabler C, et al. T2 mapping in the knee after microfracture at 3.0 T: correlation of global T2 values and clinical outcome - preliminary results. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16(8):903–8.PubMed Domayer SE, Kutscha-Lissberg F, Welsch G, Dorotka R, Nehrer S, Gabler C, et al. T2 mapping in the knee after microfracture at 3.0 T: correlation of global T2 values and clinical outcome - preliminary results. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16(8):903–8.PubMed
281.
go back to reference Gillis A, Bashir A, McKeon B, Scheller A, Gray ML, Burstein D. Magnetic resonance imaging of relative glycosaminoglycan distribution in patients with autologous chondrocyte transplants. Invest Radiol. 2001;36(12):743–8.PubMed Gillis A, Bashir A, McKeon B, Scheller A, Gray ML, Burstein D. Magnetic resonance imaging of relative glycosaminoglycan distribution in patients with autologous chondrocyte transplants. Invest Radiol. 2001;36(12):743–8.PubMed
282.
go back to reference Watanabe A, Wada Y, Obata T, Ueda T, Tamura M, Ikehira H, et al. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR to determine glycosaminoglycan concentration in reparative cartilage after autologous chondrocyte implantation: preliminary results. Radiology. 2006;239(1):201–8.PubMed Watanabe A, Wada Y, Obata T, Ueda T, Tamura M, Ikehira H, et al. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR to determine glycosaminoglycan concentration in reparative cartilage after autologous chondrocyte implantation: preliminary results. Radiology. 2006;239(1):201–8.PubMed
283.
go back to reference Trattnig S, Burstein D, Szomolanyi P, Pinker K, Welsch GH, Mamisch TC. T1(Gd) gives comparable information as Delta T1 relaxation rate in dGEMRIC evaluation of cartilage repair tissue. Invest Radiol. 2009;44(9):598–602.PubMed Trattnig S, Burstein D, Szomolanyi P, Pinker K, Welsch GH, Mamisch TC. T1(Gd) gives comparable information as Delta T1 relaxation rate in dGEMRIC evaluation of cartilage repair tissue. Invest Radiol. 2009;44(9):598–602.PubMed
284.
go back to reference Trattnig S, Marlovits S, Gebetsroither S, Szomolanyi P, Welsch GH, Salomonowitz E, et al. Three-dimensional delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) for in vivo evaluation of reparative cartilage after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation at 3.0 T: Preliminary results. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;26(4):974–82.PubMed Trattnig S, Marlovits S, Gebetsroither S, Szomolanyi P, Welsch GH, Salomonowitz E, et al. Three-dimensional delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) for in vivo evaluation of reparative cartilage after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation at 3.0 T: Preliminary results. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;26(4):974–82.PubMed
285.
go back to reference Trattnig S, Mamisch TC, Pinker K, Domayer S, Szomolanyi P, Marlovits S, et al. Differentiating normal hyaline cartilage from post-surgical repair tissue using fast gradient echo imaging in delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI (dGEMRIC) at 3 Tesla. Eur Radiol. 2008;18(6):1251–9.PubMed Trattnig S, Mamisch TC, Pinker K, Domayer S, Szomolanyi P, Marlovits S, et al. Differentiating normal hyaline cartilage from post-surgical repair tissue using fast gradient echo imaging in delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI (dGEMRIC) at 3 Tesla. Eur Radiol. 2008;18(6):1251–9.PubMed
Metadata
Title
The evolution of articular cartilage imaging and its impact on clinical practice
Authors
Carl S. Winalski
Prabhakar Rajiah
Publication date
01-09-2011
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Skeletal Radiology / Issue 9/2011
Print ISSN: 0364-2348
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2161
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-011-1226-z

Other articles of this Issue 9/2011

Skeletal Radiology 9/2011 Go to the issue