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Pediatric Radiology

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01-10-2018 | Original Article

The central nervous system manifestations of localized craniofacial scleroderma: a study of 10 cases and literature review

Authors: Ezekiel Maloney, Sarah J. Menashe, Ramesh S. Iyer, Sarah Ringold, Amit K. Chakraborty, Gisele E. Ishak

Published in: Pediatric Radiology | Issue 11/2018

Abstract

Background

Localized craniofacial scleroderma is a rare pediatric disease that involves a spectrum of discoloration, fibrosis and hemiatrophy of the face and scalp. Children with localized craniofacial scleroderma may have neurological symptoms, and in this context often undergo diagnostic imaging of the brain.

Objective

To catalogue neuroimaging abnormalities in patients with localized craniofacial scleroderma treated at our institution, review their clinical courses and compare this data with prior studies.

Materials and methods

Following Institutional Review Board approval, an imaging database search identified 10 patients with localized craniofacial scleroderma and neuroimaging abnormalities treated at our institution. Neuroimaging exams and the electronic medical record were reviewed for each case.

Results

The most common indications for neuroimaging were headache or seizure (80% of cases). The most common neuroimaging abnormalities were T2-hyperintense, subcortical white matter lesions ipsilateral to the cutaneous lesion (90% of cases) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Calcifications or blood products (50%), cysts (40%) and abnormal enhancement (20%) were also observed. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan obtained for a single case demonstrated diminished ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity corresponding to the dominant focus of signal abnormality on MRI. Progressive neuroimaging abnormalities were present in 30% of cases. There was no consistent relationship between changes in neurological symptoms following treatment and neuroimaging findings.

Conclusion

Our results are similar to previously published data. In the absence of new or worsening neurological symptoms, the role of neuroimaging for follow-up of localized craniofacial scleroderma is unclear. Knowledge of intracranial neuroimaging abnormalities that are commonly associated with localized craniofacial scleroderma helps to distinguish these lesions from others that have similar appearance.

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Title: The central nervous system manifestations of localized craniofacial scleroderma: a study of 10 cases and literature review
Authors: Ezekiel Maloney
Sarah J. Menashe
Ramesh S. Iyer
Sarah Ringold
Amit K. Chakraborty
Gisele E. Ishak
Publication date: 01-10-2018
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Pediatric Radiology / Issue 11/2018
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-018-4177-x

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Springer Medicine

The central nervous system manifestations of localized craniofacial scleroderma: a study of 10 cases and literature review

Abstract

Background

Objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

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