Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Pediatric Radiology 1/2015

01-01-2015 | Minisymposium

Advances in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of congenital heart disease

Authors: Mieke M. P. Driessen, Johannes M. P. J. Breur, Ricardo P. J. Budde, Joep W. M. van Oorschot, Roland R. J. van Kimmenade, Gertjan Tj Sieswerda, Folkert J. Meijboom, Tim Leiner

Published in: Pediatric Radiology | Issue 1/2015

Login to get access

Abstract

Due to advances in cardiac surgery, survival of patients with congenital heart disease has increased considerably during the past decades. Many of these patients require repeated cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to assess cardiac anatomy and function. In the past decade, technological advances have enabled faster and more robust cardiovascular magnetic resonance with improved image quality and spatial as well as temporal resolution. This review aims to provide an overview of advances in cardiovascular magnetic resonance hardware and acquisition techniques relevant to both pediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease and discusses the techniques used to assess function, anatomy, flow and tissue characterization.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Tennant PW, Pearce MS, Bythell M et al (2010) 20-year survival of children born with congenital anomalies: a population-based study. Lancet 375:649–656PubMedCrossRef Tennant PW, Pearce MS, Bythell M et al (2010) 20-year survival of children born with congenital anomalies: a population-based study. Lancet 375:649–656PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference van der Bom T, Bouma BJ, Meijboom FJ et al (2012) The prevalence of adult congenital heart disease, results from a systematic review and evidence based calculation. Am Heart J 164:568–575PubMedCrossRef van der Bom T, Bouma BJ, Meijboom FJ et al (2012) The prevalence of adult congenital heart disease, results from a systematic review and evidence based calculation. Am Heart J 164:568–575PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Towbin JA, Lowe AM, Colan SD et al (2006) Incidence, causes, and outcomes of dilated cardiomyopathy in children. JAMA 296:1867–1876PubMedCrossRef Towbin JA, Lowe AM, Colan SD et al (2006) Incidence, causes, and outcomes of dilated cardiomyopathy in children. JAMA 296:1867–1876PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Nugent AW, Daubeney PE, Chondros P et al (2003) The epidemiology of childhood cardiomyopathy in Australia. N Engl J Med 348:1639–1646PubMedCrossRef Nugent AW, Daubeney PE, Chondros P et al (2003) The epidemiology of childhood cardiomyopathy in Australia. N Engl J Med 348:1639–1646PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Lipshultz SE, Lipsitz SR, Sallan SE et al (2005) Chronic progressive cardiac dysfunction years after doxorubicin therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 23:2629–2636PubMedCrossRef Lipshultz SE, Lipsitz SR, Sallan SE et al (2005) Chronic progressive cardiac dysfunction years after doxorubicin therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 23:2629–2636PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Hinton DP, Wald LL, Pitts J et al (2003) Comparison of cardiac MRI on 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla clinical whole body systems. Invest Radiol 38:436–442PubMed Hinton DP, Wald LL, Pitts J et al (2003) Comparison of cardiac MRI on 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla clinical whole body systems. Invest Radiol 38:436–442PubMed
8.
go back to reference Dietrich O, Reiser MF, Schoenberg SO (2008) Artifacts in 3-T MRI: physical background and reduction strategies. Eur J Radiol 65:29–35PubMedCrossRef Dietrich O, Reiser MF, Schoenberg SO (2008) Artifacts in 3-T MRI: physical background and reduction strategies. Eur J Radiol 65:29–35PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Gagliardi MG, Bevilacqua M, Di Renzi P et al (1991) Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of acute myocarditis in infants and children, and comparison with endomyocardial biopsy. Am J Cardiol 68:1089–1091PubMedCrossRef Gagliardi MG, Bevilacqua M, Di Renzi P et al (1991) Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of acute myocarditis in infants and children, and comparison with endomyocardial biopsy. Am J Cardiol 68:1089–1091PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Abdel-Aty H, Zagrosek A, Schulz-Menger J et al (2004) Delayed enhancement and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging differentiate acute from chronic myocardial infarction. Circulation 109:2411–2416PubMedCrossRef Abdel-Aty H, Zagrosek A, Schulz-Menger J et al (2004) Delayed enhancement and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging differentiate acute from chronic myocardial infarction. Circulation 109:2411–2416PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Cohen MS, Weisskoff RM, Rzedzian RR et al (1990) Sensory stimulation by time-varying magnetic fields. Magn Reson Med 14:409–414PubMedCrossRef Cohen MS, Weisskoff RM, Rzedzian RR et al (1990) Sensory stimulation by time-varying magnetic fields. Magn Reson Med 14:409–414PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Budinger TF, Fischer H, Hentschel D et al (1991) Physiological effects of fast oscillating magnetic field gradients. J Comput Assist Tomogr 15:909–914PubMedCrossRef Budinger TF, Fischer H, Hentschel D et al (1991) Physiological effects of fast oscillating magnetic field gradients. J Comput Assist Tomogr 15:909–914PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Pruessmann KP, Weiger M, Scheidegger MB et al (1999) SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast MRI. Magn Reson Med 42:952–962PubMedCrossRef Pruessmann KP, Weiger M, Scheidegger MB et al (1999) SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast MRI. Magn Reson Med 42:952–962PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Sodickson DK, Manning WJ (1997) Simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH): fast imaging with radiofrequency coil arrays. Magn Reson Med 38:591–603PubMedCrossRef Sodickson DK, Manning WJ (1997) Simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH): fast imaging with radiofrequency coil arrays. Magn Reson Med 38:591–603PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Leiner T, Habets J, Versluis B et al (2013) Subtractionless first-pass single contrast medium dose peripheral MR angiography using two-point Dixon fat suppression. Eur Radiol 23:2228–2235PubMedCrossRef Leiner T, Habets J, Versluis B et al (2013) Subtractionless first-pass single contrast medium dose peripheral MR angiography using two-point Dixon fat suppression. Eur Radiol 23:2228–2235PubMedCrossRef
16.
17.
go back to reference Lustig M, Donoho D, Pauly JM (2007) Sparse MRI: The application of compressed sensing for rapid MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 58:1182–1195PubMedCrossRef Lustig M, Donoho D, Pauly JM (2007) Sparse MRI: The application of compressed sensing for rapid MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 58:1182–1195PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Vasanawala SS, Chan FP, Newman B et al (2011) Combined respiratory and cardiac triggering improves blood pool contrast-enhanced pediatric cardiovascular MRI. Pediatr Radiol 41:1536–1544PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Vasanawala SS, Chan FP, Newman B et al (2011) Combined respiratory and cardiac triggering improves blood pool contrast-enhanced pediatric cardiovascular MRI. Pediatr Radiol 41:1536–1544PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Hsiao A, Lustig M, Alley MT et al (2012) Rapid pediatric cardiac assessment of flow and ventricular volume with compressed sensing parallel imaging volumetric cine phase-contrast MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 198:W250–259PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hsiao A, Lustig M, Alley MT et al (2012) Rapid pediatric cardiac assessment of flow and ventricular volume with compressed sensing parallel imaging volumetric cine phase-contrast MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 198:W250–259PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Stuber M, Botnar RM, Danias PG et al (1999) Double-oblique free-breathing high resolution three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 34:524–531PubMedCrossRef Stuber M, Botnar RM, Danias PG et al (1999) Double-oblique free-breathing high resolution three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 34:524–531PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Lai P, Larson AC, Park J et al (2008) Respiratory self-gated four-dimensional coronary MR angiography: a feasibility study. Magn Reson Med 59:1378–1385PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Lai P, Larson AC, Park J et al (2008) Respiratory self-gated four-dimensional coronary MR angiography: a feasibility study. Magn Reson Med 59:1378–1385PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Stehning C, Bornert P, Nehrke K et al (2005) Free-breathing whole-heart coronary MRA with 3D radial SSFP and self-navigated image reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 54:476–480PubMedCrossRef Stehning C, Bornert P, Nehrke K et al (2005) Free-breathing whole-heart coronary MRA with 3D radial SSFP and self-navigated image reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 54:476–480PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Spincemaille P, Nguyen TD, Prince MR et al (2008) Kalman filtering for real-time navigator processing. Magn Reson Med 60:158–168PubMedCrossRef Spincemaille P, Nguyen TD, Prince MR et al (2008) Kalman filtering for real-time navigator processing. Magn Reson Med 60:158–168PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference van Heeswijk RB, Bonanno G, Coppo S et al (2012) Motion compensation strategies in magnetic resonance imaging. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 40:99–119PubMedCrossRef van Heeswijk RB, Bonanno G, Coppo S et al (2012) Motion compensation strategies in magnetic resonance imaging. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 40:99–119PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Vignaux OB, Augui J, Coste J et al (2001) Comparison of single-shot fast spin-echo and conventional spin-echo sequences for MR imaging of the heart: initial experience. Radiology 219:545–550PubMedCrossRef Vignaux OB, Augui J, Coste J et al (2001) Comparison of single-shot fast spin-echo and conventional spin-echo sequences for MR imaging of the heart: initial experience. Radiology 219:545–550PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Karaus A, Merboldt KD, Graessner J et al (2007) Black-blood imaging of the human heart using rapid stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 26:1666–1671PubMedCrossRef Karaus A, Merboldt KD, Graessner J et al (2007) Black-blood imaging of the human heart using rapid stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 26:1666–1671PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Hernandez RJ, Strouse PJ, Londy FJ et al (2001) Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (Gd-MRA) of thoracic vasculature in an animal model using double-dose gadolinium and quiet breathing. Pediatr Radiol 31:589–593PubMedCrossRef Hernandez RJ, Strouse PJ, Londy FJ et al (2001) Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (Gd-MRA) of thoracic vasculature in an animal model using double-dose gadolinium and quiet breathing. Pediatr Radiol 31:589–593PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Vogt FM, Theysohn JM, Michna D et al (2013) Contrast-enhanced time-resolved 4D MRA of congenital heart and vessel anomalies: image quality and diagnostic value compared with 3D MRA. Eur Radiol 23:2392–2404PubMedCrossRef Vogt FM, Theysohn JM, Michna D et al (2013) Contrast-enhanced time-resolved 4D MRA of congenital heart and vessel anomalies: image quality and diagnostic value compared with 3D MRA. Eur Radiol 23:2392–2404PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Young PM, McGee KP, Pieper MS et al (2013) Tips and tricks for MR angiography of pediatric and adult congenital cardiovascular diseases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 200:980–988PubMedCrossRef Young PM, McGee KP, Pieper MS et al (2013) Tips and tricks for MR angiography of pediatric and adult congenital cardiovascular diseases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 200:980–988PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Fenchel M, Saleh R, Dinh H et al (2007) Juvenile and adult congenital heart disease: time-resolved 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology 244:399–410PubMedCrossRef Fenchel M, Saleh R, Dinh H et al (2007) Juvenile and adult congenital heart disease: time-resolved 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Radiology 244:399–410PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Dabir D, Naehle CP, Clauberg R et al (2012) High-resolution motion compensated MRA in patients with congenital heart disease using extracellular contrast agent at 3 Tesla. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:75PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Dabir D, Naehle CP, Clauberg R et al (2012) High-resolution motion compensated MRA in patients with congenital heart disease using extracellular contrast agent at 3 Tesla. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:75PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Naehle CP, Kaestner M, Muller A et al (2010) First-pass and steady-state MR angiography of thoracic vasculature in children and adolescents. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 3:504–513PubMedCrossRef Naehle CP, Kaestner M, Muller A et al (2010) First-pass and steady-state MR angiography of thoracic vasculature in children and adolescents. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 3:504–513PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Yoon YE, Kitagawa K, Kato S et al (2012) Prognostic value of coronary magnetic resonance angiography for prediction of cardiac events in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 60:2316–2322PubMedCrossRef Yoon YE, Kitagawa K, Kato S et al (2012) Prognostic value of coronary magnetic resonance angiography for prediction of cardiac events in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 60:2316–2322PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Kato S, Kitagawa K, Ishida N et al (2010) Assessment of coronary artery disease using magnetic resonance coronary angiography: a national multicenter trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 56:983–991PubMedCrossRef Kato S, Kitagawa K, Ishida N et al (2010) Assessment of coronary artery disease using magnetic resonance coronary angiography: a national multicenter trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 56:983–991PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Greenwood JP, Maredia N, Radjenovic A et al (2009) Clinical evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging in coronary heart disease: the CE-MARC study. Trials 10:62PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Greenwood JP, Maredia N, Radjenovic A et al (2009) Clinical evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging in coronary heart disease: the CE-MARC study. Trials 10:62PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Bornert P, Koken P, Nehrke K et al (2013) Water/fat-resolved whole-heart Dixon coronary MRA: An initial comparison. Magn Reson Med 54:476–480 Bornert P, Koken P, Nehrke K et al (2013) Water/fat-resolved whole-heart Dixon coronary MRA: An initial comparison. Magn Reson Med 54:476–480
37.
go back to reference Leiner T, Katsimaglis G, Yeh EN et al (2005) Correction for heart rate variability improves coronary magnetic resonance angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging 22:577–582PubMedCrossRef Leiner T, Katsimaglis G, Yeh EN et al (2005) Correction for heart rate variability improves coronary magnetic resonance angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging 22:577–582PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Jaroni J, Meier R, Beer A et al (2013) Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging using single breath-hold k-t BLAST for assessment of global left ventricular functional parameters. Acad Radiol 20:987–994PubMedCrossRef Jaroni J, Meier R, Beer A et al (2013) Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging using single breath-hold k-t BLAST for assessment of global left ventricular functional parameters. Acad Radiol 20:987–994PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Parish V, Hussain T, Beerbaum P et al (2010) Single breath-hold assessment of ventricular volumes using 32-channel coil technology and an extracellular contrast agent. J Magn Reson Imaging 31:838–844PubMedCrossRef Parish V, Hussain T, Beerbaum P et al (2010) Single breath-hold assessment of ventricular volumes using 32-channel coil technology and an extracellular contrast agent. J Magn Reson Imaging 31:838–844PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Stralen van M, Habets J, Driessen M et al. (2012) Dual breath-hold 3D whole heart cine cardiac MRI: feasibility and initial experience [abstract 3843]. ISMRM Stralen van M, Habets J, Driessen M et al. (2012) Dual breath-hold 3D whole heart cine cardiac MRI: feasibility and initial experience [abstract 3843]. ISMRM
41.
go back to reference Makowski MR, Wiethoff AJ, Jansen CH et al (2012) Single breath-hold assessment of cardiac function using an accelerated 3D single breath-hold acquisition technique–comparison of an intravascular and extravascular contrast agent. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:53PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Makowski MR, Wiethoff AJ, Jansen CH et al (2012) Single breath-hold assessment of cardiac function using an accelerated 3D single breath-hold acquisition technique–comparison of an intravascular and extravascular contrast agent. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:53PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Bellenger NG, Gatehouse PD, Rajappan K et al (2000) Left ventricular quantification in heart failure by cardiovascular MR using prospective respiratory navigator gating: comparison with breath-hold acquisition. J Magn Reson Imaging 11:411–417PubMedCrossRef Bellenger NG, Gatehouse PD, Rajappan K et al (2000) Left ventricular quantification in heart failure by cardiovascular MR using prospective respiratory navigator gating: comparison with breath-hold acquisition. J Magn Reson Imaging 11:411–417PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Coelho-Filho OR, Rickers C, Kwong RY et al (2013) MR myocardial perfusion imaging. Radiology 266:701–715PubMedCrossRef Coelho-Filho OR, Rickers C, Kwong RY et al (2013) MR myocardial perfusion imaging. Radiology 266:701–715PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Ebersberger U, Makowski MR, Schoepf UJ et al (2013) Magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging at 3.0 Tesla for the identification of myocardial ischaemia: comparison with coronary catheter angiography and fractional flow reserve measurements. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 14:1174–1180PubMedCrossRef Ebersberger U, Makowski MR, Schoepf UJ et al (2013) Magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging at 3.0 Tesla for the identification of myocardial ischaemia: comparison with coronary catheter angiography and fractional flow reserve measurements. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 14:1174–1180PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Watkins S, McGeoch R, Lyne J et al (2009) Validation of magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging with fractional flow reserve for the detection of significant coronary heart disease. Circulation 120:2207–2213PubMedCrossRef Watkins S, McGeoch R, Lyne J et al (2009) Validation of magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging with fractional flow reserve for the detection of significant coronary heart disease. Circulation 120:2207–2213PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Cheng AS, Pegg TJ, Karamitsos TD et al (2007) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance perfusion imaging at 3-tesla for the detection of coronary artery disease: a comparison with 1.5-tesla. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:2440–2449PubMedCrossRef Cheng AS, Pegg TJ, Karamitsos TD et al (2007) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance perfusion imaging at 3-tesla for the detection of coronary artery disease: a comparison with 1.5-tesla. J Am Coll Cardiol 49:2440–2449PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Manso B, Castellote A, Dos L et al (2010) Myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging for detecting coronary function anomalies in asymptomatic paediatric patients with a previous arterial switch operation for the transposition of great arteries. Cardiol Young 20:410–417PubMedCrossRef Manso B, Castellote A, Dos L et al (2010) Myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging for detecting coronary function anomalies in asymptomatic paediatric patients with a previous arterial switch operation for the transposition of great arteries. Cardiol Young 20:410–417PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Prakash A, Powell AJ, Krishnamurthy R et al (2004) Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of myocardial perfusion and viability in congenital and acquired pediatric heart disease. Am J Cardiol 93:657–661PubMedCrossRef Prakash A, Powell AJ, Krishnamurthy R et al (2004) Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of myocardial perfusion and viability in congenital and acquired pediatric heart disease. Am J Cardiol 93:657–661PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Dulce MC, Mostbeck GH, O’Sullivan M et al (1992) Severity of aortic regurgitation: interstudy reproducibility of measurements with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging. Radiology 185:235–240PubMedCrossRef Dulce MC, Mostbeck GH, O’Sullivan M et al (1992) Severity of aortic regurgitation: interstudy reproducibility of measurements with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging. Radiology 185:235–240PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Brenner LD, Caputo GR, Mostbeck G et al (1992) Quantification of left to right atrial shunts with velocity-encoded cine nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 20:1246–1250PubMedCrossRef Brenner LD, Caputo GR, Mostbeck G et al (1992) Quantification of left to right atrial shunts with velocity-encoded cine nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 20:1246–1250PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Fujita N, Chazouilleres AF, Hartiala JJ et al (1994) Quantification of mitral regurgitation by velocity-encoded cine nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 23:951–958PubMedCrossRef Fujita N, Chazouilleres AF, Hartiala JJ et al (1994) Quantification of mitral regurgitation by velocity-encoded cine nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 23:951–958PubMedCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Westenberg JJ, Roes SD, Ajmone Marsan N et al (2008) Mitral valve and tricuspid valve blood flow: accurate quantification with 3D velocity-encoded MR imaging with retrospective valve tracking. Radiology 249:792–800PubMedCrossRef Westenberg JJ, Roes SD, Ajmone Marsan N et al (2008) Mitral valve and tricuspid valve blood flow: accurate quantification with 3D velocity-encoded MR imaging with retrospective valve tracking. Radiology 249:792–800PubMedCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Hsiao A, Lustig M, Alley MT et al (2012) Evaluation of valvular insufficiency and shunts with parallel-imaging compressed-sensing 4D phase-contrast MR imaging with stereoscopic 3D velocity-fusion volume-rendered visualization. Radiology 265:87–95PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hsiao A, Lustig M, Alley MT et al (2012) Evaluation of valvular insufficiency and shunts with parallel-imaging compressed-sensing 4D phase-contrast MR imaging with stereoscopic 3D velocity-fusion volume-rendered visualization. Radiology 265:87–95PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Kim RJ, Fieno DS, Parrish TB et al (1999) Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function. Circulation 100:1992–2002PubMedCrossRef Kim RJ, Fieno DS, Parrish TB et al (1999) Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to irreversible injury, infarct age, and contractile function. Circulation 100:1992–2002PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Kellman P, Arai AE, McVeigh ER et al (2002) Phase-sensitive inversion recovery for detecting myocardial infarction using gadolinium-delayed hyperenhancement. Magn Reson Med 47:372–383PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kellman P, Arai AE, McVeigh ER et al (2002) Phase-sensitive inversion recovery for detecting myocardial infarction using gadolinium-delayed hyperenhancement. Magn Reson Med 47:372–383PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A et al (2000) The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. N Engl J Med 343:1445–1453PubMedCrossRef Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A et al (2000) The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. N Engl J Med 343:1445–1453PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Goldfarb JW, Shinnar M (2006) Free-breathing delayed hyperenhanced imaging of the myocardium: a clinical application of real-time navigator echo imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 24:66–71PubMedCrossRef Goldfarb JW, Shinnar M (2006) Free-breathing delayed hyperenhanced imaging of the myocardium: a clinical application of real-time navigator echo imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 24:66–71PubMedCrossRef
58.
go back to reference Peters DC, Appelbaum EA, Nezafat R et al (2009) Left ventricular infarct size, peri-infarct zone, and papillary scar measurements: A comparison of high-resolution 3D and conventional 2D late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MR. J Magn Reson Imaging 30:794–800PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Peters DC, Appelbaum EA, Nezafat R et al (2009) Left ventricular infarct size, peri-infarct zone, and papillary scar measurements: A comparison of high-resolution 3D and conventional 2D late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MR. J Magn Reson Imaging 30:794–800PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Akcakaya M, Rayatzadeh H, Basha TA et al (2012) Accelerated late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MR imaging with isotropic spatial resolution using compressed sensing: initial experience. Radiology 264:691–699PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Akcakaya M, Rayatzadeh H, Basha TA et al (2012) Accelerated late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MR imaging with isotropic spatial resolution using compressed sensing: initial experience. Radiology 264:691–699PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Keegan J, Jhooti P, Babu-Narayan SV et al (2013) Improved respiratory efficiency of 3D late gadolinium enhancement imaging using the continuously adaptive windowing strategy (CLAWS). Magn Reson Med. doi:10.1002/mrm.24758 PubMedCentral Keegan J, Jhooti P, Babu-Narayan SV et al (2013) Improved respiratory efficiency of 3D late gadolinium enhancement imaging using the continuously adaptive windowing strategy (CLAWS). Magn Reson Med. doi:10.​1002/​mrm.​24758 PubMedCentral
61.
go back to reference Simonetti OP, Finn JP, White RD et al (1996) “Black blood” T2-weighted inversion-recovery MR imaging of the heart. Radiology 199:49–57PubMedCrossRef Simonetti OP, Finn JP, White RD et al (1996) “Black blood” T2-weighted inversion-recovery MR imaging of the heart. Radiology 199:49–57PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Abdel-Aty H, Boye P, Zagrosek A et al (2005) Diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with suspected acute myocarditis: comparison of different approaches. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:1815–1822PubMedCrossRef Abdel-Aty H, Boye P, Zagrosek A et al (2005) Diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with suspected acute myocarditis: comparison of different approaches. J Am Coll Cardiol 45:1815–1822PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Friedrich MG, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J et al (2009) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: A JACC White Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:1475–1487PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Friedrich MG, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J et al (2009) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: A JACC White Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:1475–1487PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Chu GC, Flewitt JA, Mikami Y et al (2013) Assessment of acute myocarditis by cardiovascular MR: diagnostic performance of shortened protocols. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 29:1077–1083PubMedCrossRef Chu GC, Flewitt JA, Mikami Y et al (2013) Assessment of acute myocarditis by cardiovascular MR: diagnostic performance of shortened protocols. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 29:1077–1083PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Aletras AH, Kellman P, Derbyshire JA et al (2008) ACUT2E TSE-SSFP: a hybrid method for T2-weighted imaging of edema in the heart. Magn Reson Med 59:229–235PubMedCrossRef Aletras AH, Kellman P, Derbyshire JA et al (2008) ACUT2E TSE-SSFP: a hybrid method for T2-weighted imaging of edema in the heart. Magn Reson Med 59:229–235PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall’Armellina E et al (2012) Non-contrast T1-mapping detects acute myocardial edema with high diagnostic accuracy: a comparison to T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:42PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall’Armellina E et al (2012) Non-contrast T1-mapping detects acute myocardial edema with high diagnostic accuracy: a comparison to T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:42PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Dweck MR, Joshi S, Murigu T et al (2011) Midwall fibrosis is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 58:1271–1279PubMedCrossRef Dweck MR, Joshi S, Murigu T et al (2011) Midwall fibrosis is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 58:1271–1279PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Messroghli DR, Radjenovic A, Kozerke S et al (2004) Modified look-locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) for high-resolution T1 mapping of the heart. Magn Reson Med 52:141–146PubMedCrossRef Messroghli DR, Radjenovic A, Kozerke S et al (2004) Modified look-locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) for high-resolution T1 mapping of the heart. Magn Reson Med 52:141–146PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Fontana M, White SK, Banypersad SM et al (2012) Comparison of T1 mapping techniques for ECV quantification. Histological validation and reproducibility of ShMOLLI versus multibreath-hold T1 quantification equilibrium contrast CMR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:88PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Fontana M, White SK, Banypersad SM et al (2012) Comparison of T1 mapping techniques for ECV quantification. Histological validation and reproducibility of ShMOLLI versus multibreath-hold T1 quantification equilibrium contrast CMR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:88PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Flett AS, Hayward MP, Ashworth MT et al (2010) Equilibrium contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the measurement of diffuse myocardial fibrosis: preliminary validation in humans. Circulation 122:138–144PubMedCrossRef Flett AS, Hayward MP, Ashworth MT et al (2010) Equilibrium contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the measurement of diffuse myocardial fibrosis: preliminary validation in humans. Circulation 122:138–144PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference White SK, Sado DM, Fontana M et al (2013) T1 mapping for myocardial extracellular volume measurement by CMR: bolus only versus primed infusion technique. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 6:955–962PubMedCrossRef White SK, Sado DM, Fontana M et al (2013) T1 mapping for myocardial extracellular volume measurement by CMR: bolus only versus primed infusion technique. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 6:955–962PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Plymen CM, Sado DM, Taylor AM et al (2013) Diffuse myocardial fibrosis in the systemic right ventricle of patients late after Mustard or Senning surgery: an equilibrium contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 14:963–968PubMedCrossRef Plymen CM, Sado DM, Taylor AM et al (2013) Diffuse myocardial fibrosis in the systemic right ventricle of patients late after Mustard or Senning surgery: an equilibrium contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 14:963–968PubMedCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Tham EB, Haykowsky MJ, Chow K et al (2013) Diffuse myocardial fibrosis by T1-mapping in children with subclinical anthracycline cardiotoxicity: relationship to exercise capacity, cumulative dose and remodeling. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 15:48PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Tham EB, Haykowsky MJ, Chow K et al (2013) Diffuse myocardial fibrosis by T1-mapping in children with subclinical anthracycline cardiotoxicity: relationship to exercise capacity, cumulative dose and remodeling. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 15:48PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Wong TC, Piehler K, Meier CG et al (2012) Association between extracellular matrix expansion quantified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and short-term mortality. Circulation 126:1206–1216PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Wong TC, Piehler K, Meier CG et al (2012) Association between extracellular matrix expansion quantified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and short-term mortality. Circulation 126:1206–1216PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Miller CA, Naish JH, Bishop P et al (2013) Comprehensive validation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques for the assessment of myocardial extracellular volume. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 6:373–383PubMedCrossRef Miller CA, Naish JH, Bishop P et al (2013) Comprehensive validation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques for the assessment of myocardial extracellular volume. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 6:373–383PubMedCrossRef
76.
77.
go back to reference Moon JC, Messroghli DR, Kellman P et al (2013) Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: a Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and CMR Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology consensus statement. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 15:92PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Moon JC, Messroghli DR, Kellman P et al (2013) Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: a Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and CMR Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology consensus statement. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 15:92PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Khan SN, Rapacchi S, Levi DS et al (2013) Pediatric cardiovascular interventional devices: effect on CMR images at 1.5 and 3 Tesla. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 15:54PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Khan SN, Rapacchi S, Levi DS et al (2013) Pediatric cardiovascular interventional devices: effect on CMR images at 1.5 and 3 Tesla. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 15:54PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Nordmeyer J, Gaudin R, Tann OR et al (2010) MRI may be sufficient for noninvasive assessment of great vessel stents: an in vitro comparison of MRI, CT, and conventional angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 195:865–871PubMedCrossRef Nordmeyer J, Gaudin R, Tann OR et al (2010) MRI may be sufficient for noninvasive assessment of great vessel stents: an in vitro comparison of MRI, CT, and conventional angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 195:865–871PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Andreassi MG (2009) Radiation risk from pediatric cardiac catheterization: friendly fire on children with congenital heart disease. Circulation 120:1847–1849PubMedCrossRef Andreassi MG (2009) Radiation risk from pediatric cardiac catheterization: friendly fire on children with congenital heart disease. Circulation 120:1847–1849PubMedCrossRef
81.
go back to reference Tzifa A, Schaeffter T, Razavi R (2012) MR imaging-guided cardiovascular interventions in young children. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 20:117–128PubMedCrossRef Tzifa A, Schaeffter T, Razavi R (2012) MR imaging-guided cardiovascular interventions in young children. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 20:117–128PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Advances in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of congenital heart disease
Authors
Mieke M. P. Driessen
Johannes M. P. J. Breur
Ricardo P. J. Budde
Joep W. M. van Oorschot
Roland R. J. van Kimmenade
Gertjan Tj Sieswerda
Folkert J. Meijboom
Tim Leiner
Publication date
01-01-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Radiology / Issue 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3067-0

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Pediatric Radiology 1/2015 Go to the issue

Hermes

Hermes