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01-07-2004 | Research Article

Muscle modes during shifts of the center of pressure by standing persons: effect of instability and additional support

Authors: Vijaya Krishnamoorthy, Mark L. Latash, John P. Scholz, Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky

Published in: Experimental Brain Research | Issue 1/2004

Abstract

Muscle synergies in postural tasks have recently been studied using the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis. A set of three hypothetical control variables, named M-modes, derived from the activity of 11 postural muscles, were identified. It was shown that postural synergies composed of these three M-modes preserve a certain shift of the center of pressure (COP) when subjects perform postural tasks while standing on a stable surface. In the present study we investigated the effects of support surface instability and availability of a light touch or grasp of a stable external support on the M-modes and their co-variation. The study was performed in two sessions. In the first session subjects released a load behind the body under four conditions: standing on a stable surface with no support (ST), standing on an unstable surface with no support (UN), standing on an unstable surface with a light touch (UN,T) and standing on an unstable surface with grasp of a stable object (UN,G). In the second session subjects performed two tasks: an arm movement backward and voluntary sway forward (towards the toes) under three conditions—ST, UN and UN,T. Principal component analysis was used to identify M-modes from data in the first session, and a UCM analysis was performed to study M-mode synergies in postural stabilization from data in the second session. A ‘menu’ of five M-modes was found, which were named either reciprocal M-modes or co-contraction M-modes based on the agonist–antagonist relationship of muscles comprising each mode. For a given task, subjects chose any three of these five M-modes in a subject- and task-specific manner. The reciprocal and co-contraction M-modes occurred equally frequently whether subjects stood on a stable or unstable support surface or whether a light touch was available or not. However, the co-contraction M-modes predominated when grasp of an object was available. In this condition, when the arm could be used for stabilization, there were M-modes uniting hip and shoulder muscles. However, the identified M-mode synergies were not found to lead to a consistent shift in the COP in any of the stability conditions. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed.

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Title: Muscle modes during shifts of the center of pressure by standing persons: effect of instability and additional support
Authors: Vijaya Krishnamoorthy
Mark L. Latash
John P. Scholz
Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky
Publication date: 01-07-2004
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Experimental Brain Research / Issue 1/2004
Print ISSN: 0014-4819
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-003-1812-y

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Muscle modes during shifts of the center of pressure by standing persons: effect of instability and additional support

Abstract

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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