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Published in:

01-02-2011 | Review

Do RANKL inhibitors (denosumab) affect inflammation and immunity?

Authors: S. Ferrari-Lacraz, S. Ferrari

Published in: Osteoporosis International | Issue 2/2011

Abstract

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and its natural antagonist, osteoprotegerin (OPG), are, respectively, an indispensable factor and a potent inhibitor for osteoclast differentiation, activity, and survival. The development of a human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, denosumab, constitutes a novel approach to prevent fragility fractures in osteoporosis, skeletal complications of malignancy, and potentially bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition to being expressed by osteoblasts, RANKL is abundantly produced by activated T cells, and synoviocytes in RA, whereas its receptor, RANK, is also expressed by monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. However, in preclinical and clinical studies of RA—including patients with some degree of immunosuppression—RANKL inhibitors did not significantly alter inflammatory processes. RANKL, RANK, and OPG deficiency in murine models highlights the important role of this pathway in the development and maturation of the immune system in rodents, including functions of T and/or B cells, whereas OPG overexpression in mice and rats seems innocuous with regard to immunity. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in humans have more limited effects on immune cells. In clinical studies, the overall rate of infections, cancer, and death was similar with denosumab and placebo. Nevertheless, the risk of severe infections and cancer in some specific tissues remains to be carefully scrutinized.

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Title: Do RANKL inhibitors (denosumab) affect inflammation and immunity?
Authors: S. Ferrari-Lacraz
S. Ferrari
Publication date: 01-02-2011
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Osteoporosis International / Issue 2/2011
Print ISSN: 0937-941X
Electronic ISSN: 1433-2965
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1326-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Do RANKL inhibitors (denosumab) affect inflammation and immunity?

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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Erratum to: Do RANKL inhibitors (denosumab) affect inflammation and immunity?