Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 11/2011

01-11-2011 | Knee

Muscle strength and hop performance criteria prior to return to sports after ACL reconstruction

Authors: Roland Thomeé, Yonatan Kaplan, Joanna Kvist, Grethe Myklebust, May Arna Risberg, Daniel Theisen, Elias Tsepis, Suzanne Werner, Barbara Wondrasch, Erik Witvrouw

Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy | Issue 11/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to present recommendations for new muscle strength and hop performance criteria prior to a return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods

A search was made of relevant literature relating to muscle function, self-reported questionnaires on symptoms, function and knee-related quality of life, as well as the rate of re-injury, the rate of return to sports and the development of osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction. The literature was reviewed and discussed by the European Board of Sports Rehabilitation in order to reach consensus on criteria for muscle strength and hop performance prior to a return to sports.

Results

The majority of athletes that sustain an (ACL) injury do not successfully return to their pre-injury sport, even though most athletes achieve what is considered to be acceptable muscle function. On self-reported questionnaires, the athletes report high ratings for fear of re-injury, low ratings for their knee function during sports and low ratings for their knee-related quality of life.

Conclusion

The conclusion is that the muscle function tests that are commonly used are not demanding enough or not sensitive enough to identify differences between injured and non-injured sides. Recommendations for new criteria are given for the sports medicine community to consider, before allowing an athlete to return to sports after an ACL reconstruction.

Level of evidence

IV.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ageberg E, Pettersson A, Friden T (2007) 15-year follow-up of neuromuscular function in patients with unilateral nonreconstructed anterior cruciate ligament injury initially treated with rehabilitation and activity modification: a longitudinal prospective study. Am J Sports Med 35(12):2109–2117PubMedCrossRef Ageberg E, Pettersson A, Friden T (2007) 15-year follow-up of neuromuscular function in patients with unilateral nonreconstructed anterior cruciate ligament injury initially treated with rehabilitation and activity modification: a longitudinal prospective study. Am J Sports Med 35(12):2109–2117PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Ageberg E, Thomee R, Neeter C, Silbernagel KG, Roos EM (2008) Muscle strength and functional performance in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury treated with training and surgical reconstruction or training only: a two to five-year followup. Arthritis Rheum 59(12):1773–1779PubMedCrossRef Ageberg E, Thomee R, Neeter C, Silbernagel KG, Roos EM (2008) Muscle strength and functional performance in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury treated with training and surgical reconstruction or training only: a two to five-year followup. Arthritis Rheum 59(12):1773–1779PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Alentorn-Geli E, Myer GD, Silvers HJ, Samitier G, Romero D, Lazaro-Haro C, Cugat R (2009) Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 2: a review of prevention programs aimed to modify risk factors and to reduce injury rates. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17(8):859–879PubMedCrossRef Alentorn-Geli E, Myer GD, Silvers HJ, Samitier G, Romero D, Lazaro-Haro C, Cugat R (2009) Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 2: a review of prevention programs aimed to modify risk factors and to reduce injury rates. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 17(8):859–879PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Anderson JL, Lamb SE, Barker KL, Davies S, Dodd CA, Beard DJ (2002) Changes in muscle torque following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a comparison between hamstrings and patella tendon graft procedures on 45 patients. Acta Orthop Scand 73(5):546–552PubMedCrossRef Anderson JL, Lamb SE, Barker KL, Davies S, Dodd CA, Beard DJ (2002) Changes in muscle torque following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a comparison between hamstrings and patella tendon graft procedures on 45 patients. Acta Orthop Scand 73(5):546–552PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Andersson D, Samuelsson K, Karlsson J (2009) Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries with special reference to surgical technique and rehabilitation: an assessment of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy 25(6):653–685PubMedCrossRef Andersson D, Samuelsson K, Karlsson J (2009) Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries with special reference to surgical technique and rehabilitation: an assessment of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy 25(6):653–685PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Andrade MS, Cohen M, Picarro IC, Silva AC (2002) Knee performance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Isokinetics Exerc Sci 10:81–86 Andrade MS, Cohen M, Picarro IC, Silva AC (2002) Knee performance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Isokinetics Exerc Sci 10:81–86
7.
go back to reference Arangio GA, Chen C, Kalady M, Reed JF 3rd (1997) Thigh muscle size and strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 26(5):238–243PubMed Arangio GA, Chen C, Kalady M, Reed JF 3rd (1997) Thigh muscle size and strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 26(5):238–243PubMed
8.
go back to reference Ardern CL, Webster KE, Taylor NF, Feller JA (2010) Return to the preinjury level of competitive sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: two-thirds of patients have not returned by 12 months after surgery. Am J Sports Med. doi:10.1177/0363546510384798 Ardern CL, Webster KE, Taylor NF, Feller JA (2010) Return to the preinjury level of competitive sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: two-thirds of patients have not returned by 12 months after surgery. Am J Sports Med. doi:10.​1177/​0363546510384798​
9.
go back to reference Ardern CL, Webster KE, Taylor NF, Feller JA (2011) Return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the state of play. Br J Sports Med. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.076364 Ardern CL, Webster KE, Taylor NF, Feller JA (2011) Return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the state of play. Br J Sports Med. doi:10.​1136/​bjsm.​2010.​076364
10.
go back to reference Augustsson J, Thomee R, Karlsson J (2004) Ability of a new hop test to determine functional deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 12(5):350–356PubMedCrossRef Augustsson J, Thomee R, Karlsson J (2004) Ability of a new hop test to determine functional deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 12(5):350–356PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Augustsson J, Thomee R, Linden C, Folkesson M, Tranberg R, Karlsson J (2006) Single-leg hop testing following fatiguing exercise: reliability and biomechanical analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 16(2):111–120PubMedCrossRef Augustsson J, Thomee R, Linden C, Folkesson M, Tranberg R, Karlsson J (2006) Single-leg hop testing following fatiguing exercise: reliability and biomechanical analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 16(2):111–120PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Beutler A, De la Motte S, Marshall S, Padua D, Boden B (2009) Muscle Strength and qualitative jump-landing differences in male and female military cadets: the jump-ACL study. J Sports Sci Med 8:663–671PubMed Beutler A, De la Motte S, Marshall S, Padua D, Boden B (2009) Muscle Strength and qualitative jump-landing differences in male and female military cadets: the jump-ACL study. J Sports Sci Med 8:663–671PubMed
13.
go back to reference Beynnon BD, Johnson RJ, Fleming BC (2002) The science of anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation. Clin Orthop Relat Res (402):9–20 Beynnon BD, Johnson RJ, Fleming BC (2002) The science of anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation. Clin Orthop Relat Res (402):9–20
14.
go back to reference Beynnon BD, Uh BS, Johnson RJ, Abate JA, Nichols CE, Fleming BC, Poole AR, Roos H (2005) Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of programs administered over 2 different time intervals. Am J Sports Med 33(3):347–359PubMedCrossRef Beynnon BD, Uh BS, Johnson RJ, Abate JA, Nichols CE, Fleming BC, Poole AR, Roos H (2005) Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of programs administered over 2 different time intervals. Am J Sports Med 33(3):347–359PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Boden BP, Sheehan FT, Torg JS, Hewett TE (2010) Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: mechanisms and risk factors. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 18(9):520–527PubMed Boden BP, Sheehan FT, Torg JS, Hewett TE (2010) Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: mechanisms and risk factors. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 18(9):520–527PubMed
16.
go back to reference Button K, van Deursen R, Price P (2006) Classification of functional recovery of anterior ruciate ligament copers, non-copers, and adapters. Br J Sports Med 40(10):853–859 Discussion 859PubMedCrossRef Button K, van Deursen R, Price P (2006) Classification of functional recovery of anterior ruciate ligament copers, non-copers, and adapters. Br J Sports Med 40(10):853–859 Discussion 859PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Carter TR, Edinger S (1999) Isokinetic evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: hamstring versus patellar tendon. Arthroscopy 15(2):169–172PubMedCrossRef Carter TR, Edinger S (1999) Isokinetic evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: hamstring versus patellar tendon. Arthroscopy 15(2):169–172PubMedCrossRef
18.
19.
go back to reference Clover J, Wall J (2010) Return-to-play criteria following sports injury. Clin Sports Med 29(1):169–175 Table of contentsPubMedCrossRef Clover J, Wall J (2010) Return-to-play criteria following sports injury. Clin Sports Med 29(1):169–175 Table of contentsPubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Colombet P, Allard M, Bousquet V, de Lavigne C, Flurin PH, Lachaud C (2002) Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using four-strand semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafts and metal interference screw fixation. Arthroscopy 18(3):232–237PubMedCrossRef Colombet P, Allard M, Bousquet V, de Lavigne C, Flurin PH, Lachaud C (2002) Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using four-strand semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafts and metal interference screw fixation. Arthroscopy 18(3):232–237PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Creighton DW, Shrier I, Shultz R, Meeuwisse WH, Matheson GO (2010) Return-to-play in sport: a decision-based model. Clin J Sport Med 20(5):379–385PubMedCrossRef Creighton DW, Shrier I, Shultz R, Meeuwisse WH, Matheson GO (2010) Return-to-play in sport: a decision-based model. Clin J Sport Med 20(5):379–385PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Dauty M, Le Brun J, Huguet D, Paumier S, Dubois C, Letenneur J (2008) Return to pivot-contact sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: patellar tendon or hamstring autografts. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 94(6):552–560PubMed Dauty M, Le Brun J, Huguet D, Paumier S, Dubois C, Letenneur J (2008) Return to pivot-contact sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: patellar tendon or hamstring autografts. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 94(6):552–560PubMed
23.
go back to reference Eitzen I, Holm I, Risberg MA (2009) Preoperative quadriceps strength is a significant predictor of knee function 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med 43(5):371–376PubMedCrossRef Eitzen I, Holm I, Risberg MA (2009) Preoperative quadriceps strength is a significant predictor of knee function 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med 43(5):371–376PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Dieppe PA, Hirsch R, Helmick CG, Jordan JM, Kington RS, Lane NE, Nevitt MC, Zhang Y, Sowers M, McAlindon T, Spector TD, Poole AR, Yanovski SZ, Ateshian G, Sharma L, Buckwalter JA, Brandt KD, Fries JF (2000) Osteoarthritis: new insights. Part 1: the disease and its risk factors. Ann Intern Med 133(8):635–646PubMed Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Dieppe PA, Hirsch R, Helmick CG, Jordan JM, Kington RS, Lane NE, Nevitt MC, Zhang Y, Sowers M, McAlindon T, Spector TD, Poole AR, Yanovski SZ, Ateshian G, Sharma L, Buckwalter JA, Brandt KD, Fries JF (2000) Osteoarthritis: new insights. Part 1: the disease and its risk factors. Ann Intern Med 133(8):635–646PubMed
25.
go back to reference Frobell RB, Roos EM, Roos HP, Ranstam J, Lohmander LS (2010) A randomized trial of treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. N Engl J Med 363(4):331–342PubMedCrossRef Frobell RB, Roos EM, Roos HP, Ranstam J, Lohmander LS (2010) A randomized trial of treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. N Engl J Med 363(4):331–342PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Gerber JP, Marcus RL, Dibble LE, Greis PE, Burks RT, LaStayo PC (2009) Effects of early progressive eccentric exercise on muscle size and function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a 1-year follow-up study of a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 89(1):51–59PubMedCrossRef Gerber JP, Marcus RL, Dibble LE, Greis PE, Burks RT, LaStayo PC (2009) Effects of early progressive eccentric exercise on muscle size and function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a 1-year follow-up study of a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 89(1):51–59PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Gillquist J, Messner K (1999) Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and the long-term incidence of gonarthrosis. Sports Med 27(3):143–156PubMedCrossRef Gillquist J, Messner K (1999) Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and the long-term incidence of gonarthrosis. Sports Med 27(3):143–156PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Glazer DD (2009) Development and preliminary validation of the injury-psychological readiness to return to sport (I-PRRS) scale. J Athl Train 44(2):185–189PubMedCrossRef Glazer DD (2009) Development and preliminary validation of the injury-psychological readiness to return to sport (I-PRRS) scale. J Athl Train 44(2):185–189PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Gobbi A, Francisco R (2006) Factors affecting return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon and hamstring graft: a prospective clinical investigation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14(10):1021–1028PubMedCrossRef Gobbi A, Francisco R (2006) Factors affecting return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon and hamstring graft: a prospective clinical investigation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14(10):1021–1028PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Gustavsson A, Neeter C, Thomee P, Silbernagel KG, Augustsson J, Thomee R, Karlsson J (2006) A test battery for evaluating hop performance in patients with an ACL injury and patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14(8):778–788PubMedCrossRef Gustavsson A, Neeter C, Thomee P, Silbernagel KG, Augustsson J, Thomee R, Karlsson J (2006) A test battery for evaluating hop performance in patients with an ACL injury and patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14(8):778–788PubMedCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Heijne A, Ang BO, Werner S (2009) Predictive factors for 12-months outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Scand J Med Sci Sports 19(6):842–849PubMedCrossRef Heijne A, Ang BO, Werner S (2009) Predictive factors for 12-months outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Scand J Med Sci Sports 19(6):842–849PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Heijne A, Axelsson K, Werner S, Biguet G (2008) Rehabilitation and recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: patients’ experiences. Scand J Med Sci Sports 18(3):325–335PubMedCrossRef Heijne A, Axelsson K, Werner S, Biguet G (2008) Rehabilitation and recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: patients’ experiences. Scand J Med Sci Sports 18(3):325–335PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Hiemstra LA, Webber S, MacDonald PB, Kriellaars DJ (2000) Knee strength deficits after hamstring tendon and patellar tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(8):1472–1479PubMedCrossRef Hiemstra LA, Webber S, MacDonald PB, Kriellaars DJ (2000) Knee strength deficits after hamstring tendon and patellar tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(8):1472–1479PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Holm I, Fosdahl MA, Friis A, Risberg MA, Myklebust G, Steen H (2004) Effect of neuromuscular training on proprioception, balance, muscle strength, and lower limb function in female team handball players. Clin J Sport Med 14(2):88–94PubMedCrossRef Holm I, Fosdahl MA, Friis A, Risberg MA, Myklebust G, Steen H (2004) Effect of neuromuscular training on proprioception, balance, muscle strength, and lower limb function in female team handball players. Clin J Sport Med 14(2):88–94PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Itoh H, Kurosaka M, Yoshiya S, Ichihashi N, Mizuno K (1998) Evaluation of functional deficits determined by four different hop tests in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 6(4):241–245PubMedCrossRef Itoh H, Kurosaka M, Yoshiya S, Ichihashi N, Mizuno K (1998) Evaluation of functional deficits determined by four different hop tests in patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 6(4):241–245PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Jarvela T, Kannus P, Latvala K, Jarvinen M (2002) Simple measurements in assessing muscle performance after an ACL reconstruction. Int J Sports Med 23(3):196–201PubMedCrossRef Jarvela T, Kannus P, Latvala K, Jarvinen M (2002) Simple measurements in assessing muscle performance after an ACL reconstruction. Int J Sports Med 23(3):196–201PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Johnson U (1997) Coping strategies among long-term injured competitive athletes. A study of 81 men and women in team and individual sports. Scand J Med Sci Sports 7(6):367–372PubMedCrossRef Johnson U (1997) Coping strategies among long-term injured competitive athletes. A study of 81 men and women in team and individual sports. Scand J Med Sci Sports 7(6):367–372PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Junge A (2000) The influence of psychological factors on sports injuries. Review of the literature. Am J Sports Med 28(5 Suppl):S10–S15PubMed Junge A (2000) The influence of psychological factors on sports injuries. Review of the literature. Am J Sports Med 28(5 Suppl):S10–S15PubMed
39.
go back to reference Keays SL, Bullock-Saxton J, Keays AC, Newcombe P (2001) Muscle strength and function before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using semitendonosus and gracilis. Knee 8(3):229–234PubMedCrossRef Keays SL, Bullock-Saxton J, Keays AC, Newcombe P (2001) Muscle strength and function before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using semitendonosus and gracilis. Knee 8(3):229–234PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Keays SL, Newcombe PA, Bullock-Saxton JE, Bullock MI, Keays AC (2010) Factors involved in the development of osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Am J Sports Med 38(3):455–463PubMedCrossRef Keays SL, Newcombe PA, Bullock-Saxton JE, Bullock MI, Keays AC (2010) Factors involved in the development of osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Am J Sports Med 38(3):455–463PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Kessler MA, Behrend H, Henz S, Stutz G, Rukavina A, Kuster MS (2008) Function, osteoarthritis and activity after ACL-rupture: 11 years follow-up results of conservative versus reconstructive treatment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16(5):442–448PubMedCrossRef Kessler MA, Behrend H, Henz S, Stutz G, Rukavina A, Kuster MS (2008) Function, osteoarthritis and activity after ACL-rupture: 11 years follow-up results of conservative versus reconstructive treatment. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16(5):442–448PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Kostogiannis I, Ageberg E, Neuman P, Dahlberg L, Friden T, Roos H (2007) Activity level and subjective knee function 15 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury: a prospective, longitudinal study of nonreconstructed patients. Am J Sports Med 35(7):1135–1143PubMedCrossRef Kostogiannis I, Ageberg E, Neuman P, Dahlberg L, Friden T, Roos H (2007) Activity level and subjective knee function 15 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury: a prospective, longitudinal study of nonreconstructed patients. Am J Sports Med 35(7):1135–1143PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Kvist J (2004) Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament injury: current recommendations for sports participation. Sports Med 34(4):269–280PubMedCrossRef Kvist J (2004) Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament injury: current recommendations for sports participation. Sports Med 34(4):269–280PubMedCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Kvist J, Ek A, Sporrstedt K, Good L (2005) Fear of re-injury: a hindrance for returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 13(5):393–397PubMedCrossRef Kvist J, Ek A, Sporrstedt K, Good L (2005) Fear of re-injury: a hindrance for returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 13(5):393–397PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Langford JL, Webster KE, Feller JA (2009) A prospective longitudinal study to assess psychological changes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. Br J Sports Med 43(5):377–378PubMedCrossRef Langford JL, Webster KE, Feller JA (2009) A prospective longitudinal study to assess psychological changes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. Br J Sports Med 43(5):377–378PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Lautamies R, Harilainen A, Kettunen J, Sandelin J, Kujala UM (2008) Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and knee function 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: comparison between bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring tendon autografts. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16(11):1009–1016PubMedCrossRef Lautamies R, Harilainen A, Kettunen J, Sandelin J, Kujala UM (2008) Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and knee function 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: comparison between bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring tendon autografts. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16(11):1009–1016PubMedCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Lee DY, Karim SA, Chang HC (2008) Return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of patients with minimum 5-year follow-up. Ann Acad Med Singapore 37(4):273–278PubMed Lee DY, Karim SA, Chang HC (2008) Return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a review of patients with minimum 5-year follow-up. Ann Acad Med Singapore 37(4):273–278PubMed
48.
go back to reference Lee S, Seong SC, Jo H, Park YK, Lee MC (2004) Outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadriceps tendon autograft. Arthroscopy 20(8):795–802PubMedCrossRef Lee S, Seong SC, Jo H, Park YK, Lee MC (2004) Outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadriceps tendon autograft. Arthroscopy 20(8):795–802PubMedCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Lohmander LS, Englund PM, Dahl LL, Roos EM (2007) The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries: osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med 35(10):1756–1769PubMedCrossRef Lohmander LS, Englund PM, Dahl LL, Roos EM (2007) The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries: osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med 35(10):1756–1769PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Lohmander LS, Ostenberg A, Englund M, Roos H (2004) High prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, pain, and functional limitations in female soccer players 12 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Arthritis Rheum 50(10):3145–3152PubMedCrossRef Lohmander LS, Ostenberg A, Englund M, Roos H (2004) High prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, pain, and functional limitations in female soccer players 12 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Arthritis Rheum 50(10):3145–3152PubMedCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Mattacola CG, Perrin DH, Gansneder BM, Gieck JH, Saliba EN, McCue FC 3rd (2002) Strength, functional outcome, and postural stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Athl Train 37(3):262–268PubMed Mattacola CG, Perrin DH, Gansneder BM, Gieck JH, Saliba EN, McCue FC 3rd (2002) Strength, functional outcome, and postural stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Athl Train 37(3):262–268PubMed
52.
go back to reference McHugh MP, Tyler TF, Gleim GW, Nicholas SJ (1998) Preoperative indicators of motion loss and weakness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 27(6):407–411PubMed McHugh MP, Tyler TF, Gleim GW, Nicholas SJ (1998) Preoperative indicators of motion loss and weakness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 27(6):407–411PubMed
53.
go back to reference Mikkelsen C, Werner S, Eriksson E (2000) Closed kinetic chain alone compared to combined open and closed kinetic chain exercises for quadriceps strengthening after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with respect to return to sports: a prospective matched follow-up study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 8(6):337–342PubMedCrossRef Mikkelsen C, Werner S, Eriksson E (2000) Closed kinetic chain alone compared to combined open and closed kinetic chain exercises for quadriceps strengthening after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with respect to return to sports: a prospective matched follow-up study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 8(6):337–342PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Morrey MA, Stuart MJ, Smith AM, Wiese-Bjornstal DM (1999) A longitudinal examination of athletes’ emotional and cognitive responses to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Clin J Sport Med 9(2):63–69PubMedCrossRef Morrey MA, Stuart MJ, Smith AM, Wiese-Bjornstal DM (1999) A longitudinal examination of athletes’ emotional and cognitive responses to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Clin J Sport Med 9(2):63–69PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Myklebust G, Bahr R (2005) Return to play guidelines after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Br J Sports Med 39(3):127–131PubMedCrossRef Myklebust G, Bahr R (2005) Return to play guidelines after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Br J Sports Med 39(3):127–131PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Braekken IH, Skjolberg A, Olsen OE, Bahr R (2003) Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball players: a prospective intervention study over three seasons. Clin J Sport Med 13(2):71–78PubMedCrossRef Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Braekken IH, Skjolberg A, Olsen OE, Bahr R (2003) Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female team handball players: a prospective intervention study over three seasons. Clin J Sport Med 13(2):71–78PubMedCrossRef
57.
go back to reference Myklebust G, Holm I, Maehlum S, Engebretsen L, Bahr R (2003) Clinical, functional, and radiologic outcome in team handball players 6–11 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury: a follow-up study. Am J Sports Med 31(6):981–989PubMed Myklebust G, Holm I, Maehlum S, Engebretsen L, Bahr R (2003) Clinical, functional, and radiologic outcome in team handball players 6–11 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury: a follow-up study. Am J Sports Med 31(6):981–989PubMed
58.
go back to reference Nakayama Y, Shirai Y, Narita T, Mori A, Kobayashi K (2000) Knee functions and a return to sports activity in competitive athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Nippon Med Sch 67(3):172–176CrossRef Nakayama Y, Shirai Y, Narita T, Mori A, Kobayashi K (2000) Knee functions and a return to sports activity in competitive athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Nippon Med Sch 67(3):172–176CrossRef
59.
go back to reference Neeter C, Gustavsson A, Thomee P, Augustsson J, Thomee R, Karlsson J (2006) Development of a strength test battery for evaluating leg muscle power after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14(6):571–580PubMedCrossRef Neeter C, Gustavsson A, Thomee P, Augustsson J, Thomee R, Karlsson J (2006) Development of a strength test battery for evaluating leg muscle power after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 14(6):571–580PubMedCrossRef
60.
go back to reference Neuman P, Englund M, Kostogiannis I, Friden T, Roos H, Dahlberg LE (2008) Prevalence of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis 15 years after nonoperative treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury: a prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med 36(9):1717–1725PubMedCrossRef Neuman P, Englund M, Kostogiannis I, Friden T, Roos H, Dahlberg LE (2008) Prevalence of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis 15 years after nonoperative treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury: a prospective cohort study. Am J Sports Med 36(9):1717–1725PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Neuman P, Kostogiannis I, Friden T, Roos H, Dahlberg LE, Englund M (2009) Patellofemoral osteoarthritis 15 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury–a prospective cohort study. Osteoarthr Cartil 17(3):284–290PubMedCrossRef Neuman P, Kostogiannis I, Friden T, Roos H, Dahlberg LE, Englund M (2009) Patellofemoral osteoarthritis 15 years after anterior cruciate ligament injury–a prospective cohort study. Osteoarthr Cartil 17(3):284–290PubMedCrossRef
62.
go back to reference Noyes FR, Barber SD, Mangine RE (1991) Abnormal lower limb symmetry determined by function hop tests after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Am J Sports Med 19(5):513–518PubMedCrossRef Noyes FR, Barber SD, Mangine RE (1991) Abnormal lower limb symmetry determined by function hop tests after anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Am J Sports Med 19(5):513–518PubMedCrossRef
63.
go back to reference Nyland J, Cottrell B, Harreld K, Caborn DN (2006) Self-reported outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an internal health locus of control score comparison. Arthroscopy 22(11):1225–1232PubMedCrossRef Nyland J, Cottrell B, Harreld K, Caborn DN (2006) Self-reported outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an internal health locus of control score comparison. Arthroscopy 22(11):1225–1232PubMedCrossRef
64.
go back to reference Oiestad BE, Engebretsen L, Storheim K, Risberg MA (2009) Knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med 37(7):1434–1443PubMedCrossRef Oiestad BE, Engebretsen L, Storheim K, Risberg MA (2009) Knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med 37(7):1434–1443PubMedCrossRef
65.
go back to reference Oiestad BE, Holm I, Aune AK, Gunderson R, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Fosdahl MA, Risberg MA (2010) Knee function and prevalence of knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study with 10–15 years of follow-up. Am J Sports Med 38(11):2201–2210PubMedCrossRef Oiestad BE, Holm I, Aune AK, Gunderson R, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Fosdahl MA, Risberg MA (2010) Knee function and prevalence of knee osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective study with 10–15 years of follow-up. Am J Sports Med 38(11):2201–2210PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Oiestad BE, Holm I, Engebretsen L, Risberg MA (2010) The association between radiographic knee osteoarthritis and knee symptoms, function and quality of life 10–15 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med Oiestad BE, Holm I, Engebretsen L, Risberg MA (2010) The association between radiographic knee osteoarthritis and knee symptoms, function and quality of life 10–15 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med
67.
go back to reference Oiestad BE, Holm I, Gunderson R, Myklebust G, Risberg MA (2010) Quadriceps muscle weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 62(12):1706–1714CrossRef Oiestad BE, Holm I, Gunderson R, Myklebust G, Risberg MA (2010) Quadriceps muscle weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 62(12):1706–1714CrossRef
68.
go back to reference Orchard J, Seward H, McGivern J, Hood S (2001) Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury in Australian footballers. Am J Sports Med 29(2):196–200PubMed Orchard J, Seward H, McGivern J, Hood S (2001) Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury in Australian footballers. Am J Sports Med 29(2):196–200PubMed
69.
go back to reference Ostenberg A, Roos E, Ekdahl C, Roos H (1998) Isokinetic knee extensor strength and functional performance in healthy female soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 8(5 Pt 1):257–264PubMedCrossRef Ostenberg A, Roos E, Ekdahl C, Roos H (1998) Isokinetic knee extensor strength and functional performance in healthy female soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 8(5 Pt 1):257–264PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Osteras H, Augestad LB, Tondel S (1998) Isokinetic muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Scand J Med Sci Sports 8(5 Pt 1):279–282PubMedCrossRef Osteras H, Augestad LB, Tondel S (1998) Isokinetic muscle strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Scand J Med Sci Sports 8(5 Pt 1):279–282PubMedCrossRef
71.
go back to reference Palmieri-Smith RM, Thomas AC (2009) A neuromuscular mechanism of posttraumatic osteoarthritis associated with ACL injury. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 37(3):147–153PubMedCrossRef Palmieri-Smith RM, Thomas AC (2009) A neuromuscular mechanism of posttraumatic osteoarthritis associated with ACL injury. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 37(3):147–153PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Palmieri-Smith RM, Thomas AC, Wojtys EM (2008) Maximizing quadriceps strength after ACL reconstruction. Clin Sports Med 27(3): 405–424, vii–ix Palmieri-Smith RM, Thomas AC, Wojtys EM (2008) Maximizing quadriceps strength after ACL reconstruction. Clin Sports Med 27(3): 405–424, vii–ix
73.
go back to reference Petschnig R, Baron R, Albrecht M (1998) The relationship between isokinetic quadriceps strength test and hop tests for distance and one-legged vertical jump test following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 28(1):23–31PubMed Petschnig R, Baron R, Albrecht M (1998) The relationship between isokinetic quadriceps strength test and hop tests for distance and one-legged vertical jump test following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 28(1):23–31PubMed
74.
go back to reference Pfeifer K, Banzer W (1999) Motor performance in different dynamic tests in knee rehabilitation. Scand J Med Sci Sports 9(1):19–27PubMedCrossRef Pfeifer K, Banzer W (1999) Motor performance in different dynamic tests in knee rehabilitation. Scand J Med Sci Sports 9(1):19–27PubMedCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Pinczewski LA, Lyman J, Salmon LJ, Russell VJ, Roe J, Linklater J (2007) A 10-year comparison of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with hamstring tendon and patellar tendon autograft: a controlled, prospective trial. Am J Sports Med 35(4):564–574PubMedCrossRef Pinczewski LA, Lyman J, Salmon LJ, Russell VJ, Roe J, Linklater J (2007) A 10-year comparison of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with hamstring tendon and patellar tendon autograft: a controlled, prospective trial. Am J Sports Med 35(4):564–574PubMedCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Podlog L, Dionigi RA (2009) Psychological need fulfillment among workers in an exercise intervention: a qualitative investigation. Res Q Exerc Sport 80(4):774–787PubMed Podlog L, Dionigi RA (2009) Psychological need fulfillment among workers in an exercise intervention: a qualitative investigation. Res Q Exerc Sport 80(4):774–787PubMed
77.
go back to reference Pujol N, Blanchi MP, Chambat P (2007) The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries among competitive Alpine skiers: a 25-year investigation. Am J Sports Med 35(7):1070–1074PubMedCrossRef Pujol N, Blanchi MP, Chambat P (2007) The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries among competitive Alpine skiers: a 25-year investigation. Am J Sports Med 35(7):1070–1074PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Risberg MA, Ekeland A (1994) Assessment of functional tests after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 19(4):212–217PubMed Risberg MA, Ekeland A (1994) Assessment of functional tests after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 19(4):212–217PubMed
79.
go back to reference Risberg MA, Holm I, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L (2007) Neuromuscular training versus strength training during first 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 87(6):737–750PubMedCrossRef Risberg MA, Holm I, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L (2007) Neuromuscular training versus strength training during first 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 87(6):737–750PubMedCrossRef
80.
go back to reference Risberg MA, Holm I, Tjomsland O, Ljunggren E, Ekeland A (1999) Prospective study of changes in impairments and disabilities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 29(7):400–412PubMed Risberg MA, Holm I, Tjomsland O, Ljunggren E, Ekeland A (1999) Prospective study of changes in impairments and disabilities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 29(7):400–412PubMed
81.
go back to reference Roos EM (2005) Joint injury causes knee osteoarthritis in young adults. Curr Opin Rheumatol 17(2):195–200PubMedCrossRef Roos EM (2005) Joint injury causes knee osteoarthritis in young adults. Curr Opin Rheumatol 17(2):195–200PubMedCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Ross MD, Irrgang JJ, Denegar CR, McCloy CM, Unangst ET (2002) The relationship between participation restrictions and selected clinical measures following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10(1):10–19PubMedCrossRef Ross MD, Irrgang JJ, Denegar CR, McCloy CM, Unangst ET (2002) The relationship between participation restrictions and selected clinical measures following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10(1):10–19PubMedCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Salmon L, Russell V, Musgrove T, Pinczewski L, Refshauge K (2005) Incidence and risk factors for graft rupture and contralateral rupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 21(8):948–957PubMedCrossRef Salmon L, Russell V, Musgrove T, Pinczewski L, Refshauge K (2005) Incidence and risk factors for graft rupture and contralateral rupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 21(8):948–957PubMedCrossRef
84.
go back to reference Salmon LJ, Pinczewski LA, Russell VJ, Refshauge K (2006) Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft: 5- to 9-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 34(10):1604–1614PubMedCrossRef Salmon LJ, Pinczewski LA, Russell VJ, Refshauge K (2006) Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft: 5- to 9-year follow-up. Am J Sports Med 34(10):1604–1614PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Seon JK, Song EK, Park SJ (2006) Osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft. Int Orthop 30(2):94–98PubMedCrossRef Seon JK, Song EK, Park SJ (2006) Osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft. Int Orthop 30(2):94–98PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Shah VM, Andrews JR, Fleisig GS, McMichael CS, Lemak LJ (2010) Return to play after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in national football league athletes. Am J Sports Med 38(11):2233–2239PubMedCrossRef Shah VM, Andrews JR, Fleisig GS, McMichael CS, Lemak LJ (2010) Return to play after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in national football league athletes. Am J Sports Med 38(11):2233–2239PubMedCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Smith FW, Rosenlund EA, Aune AK, MacLean JA, Hillis SW (2004) Subjective functional assessments and the return to competitive sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med 38(3):279–284PubMedCrossRef Smith FW, Rosenlund EA, Aune AK, MacLean JA, Hillis SW (2004) Subjective functional assessments and the return to competitive sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Br J Sports Med 38(3):279–284PubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference Soligard T, Nilstad A, Steffen K, Myklebust G, Holme I, Dvorak J, Bahr R, Andersen TE (2010) Compliance with a comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in youth football. Br J Sports Med 44(11):787–793PubMedCrossRef Soligard T, Nilstad A, Steffen K, Myklebust G, Holme I, Dvorak J, Bahr R, Andersen TE (2010) Compliance with a comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in youth football. Br J Sports Med 44(11):787–793PubMedCrossRef
89.
go back to reference Sward P, Kostogiannis I, Roos H (2010) Risk factors for a contralateral anterior cruciate ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18(3):277–291PubMedCrossRef Sward P, Kostogiannis I, Roos H (2010) Risk factors for a contralateral anterior cruciate ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 18(3):277–291PubMedCrossRef
90.
go back to reference Thomee P, Wahrborg P, Borjesson M, Thomee R, Eriksson BI, Karlsson J (2008) Self-efficacy of knee function as a pre-operative predictor of outcome 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16(2):118–127PubMedCrossRef Thomee P, Wahrborg P, Borjesson M, Thomee R, Eriksson BI, Karlsson J (2008) Self-efficacy of knee function as a pre-operative predictor of outcome 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 16(2):118–127PubMedCrossRef
91.
go back to reference Thomee R, Neeter C, Gustavsson A, Thomee P, Augustsson J, Eriksson B, Karlsson J (2011) Variability in leg muscle power and hop performance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A two-year prospective study. Submitted Thomee R, Neeter C, Gustavsson A, Thomee P, Augustsson J, Eriksson B, Karlsson J (2011) Variability in leg muscle power and hop performance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A two-year prospective study. Submitted
92.
go back to reference Thorstensson CA, Henriksson M, von Porat A, Sjodahl C, Roos EM (2007) The effect of eight weeks of exercise on knee adduction moment in early knee osteoarthritis–a pilot study. Osteoarthr Cartil 15(10):1163–1170PubMedCrossRef Thorstensson CA, Henriksson M, von Porat A, Sjodahl C, Roos EM (2007) The effect of eight weeks of exercise on knee adduction moment in early knee osteoarthritis–a pilot study. Osteoarthr Cartil 15(10):1163–1170PubMedCrossRef
93.
go back to reference Thorstensson CA, Petersson IF, Jacobsson LT, Boegard TL, Roos EM (2004) Reduced functional performance in the lower extremity predicted radiographic knee osteoarthritis five years later. Ann Rheum Dis 63(4):402–407PubMedCrossRef Thorstensson CA, Petersson IF, Jacobsson LT, Boegard TL, Roos EM (2004) Reduced functional performance in the lower extremity predicted radiographic knee osteoarthritis five years later. Ann Rheum Dis 63(4):402–407PubMedCrossRef
94.
go back to reference Tripp DA, Stanish W, Ebel-Lam A, Brewer BW, Birchard J (2007) Fear of reinjury, negative affect, and catastrophising predicting return to sport in recreational athletes with anterior cruciate ligament injuries at 1 year postsurgery. Rehabil Psychol 52:74–81CrossRef Tripp DA, Stanish W, Ebel-Lam A, Brewer BW, Birchard J (2007) Fear of reinjury, negative affect, and catastrophising predicting return to sport in recreational athletes with anterior cruciate ligament injuries at 1 year postsurgery. Rehabil Psychol 52:74–81CrossRef
95.
go back to reference Walden M, Hagglund M, Ekstrand J (2006) High risk of new knee injury in elite footballers with previous anterior cruciate ligament injury. Br J Sports Med 40(2):158–162 Discussion 158–162PubMedCrossRef Walden M, Hagglund M, Ekstrand J (2006) High risk of new knee injury in elite footballers with previous anterior cruciate ligament injury. Br J Sports Med 40(2):158–162 Discussion 158–162PubMedCrossRef
96.
go back to reference Webster KE, Feller JA, Lambros C (2008) Development and preliminary validation of a scale to measure the psychological impact of returning to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. Phys Ther Sport 9(1):9–15PubMedCrossRef Webster KE, Feller JA, Lambros C (2008) Development and preliminary validation of a scale to measure the psychological impact of returning to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. Phys Ther Sport 9(1):9–15PubMedCrossRef
97.
go back to reference Wells L, Dyke JA, Albaugh J, Ganley T (2009) Adolescent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a retrospective analysis of quadriceps strength recovery and return to full activity after surgery. J Pediatr Orthop 29(5):486–489PubMedCrossRef Wells L, Dyke JA, Albaugh J, Ganley T (2009) Adolescent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a retrospective analysis of quadriceps strength recovery and return to full activity after surgery. J Pediatr Orthop 29(5):486–489PubMedCrossRef
98.
go back to reference Wernbom M, Augustsson J, Thomee R (2007) The influence of frequency, intensity, volume and mode of strength training on whole muscle cross-sectional area in humans. Sports Med 37(3):225–264PubMedCrossRef Wernbom M, Augustsson J, Thomee R (2007) The influence of frequency, intensity, volume and mode of strength training on whole muscle cross-sectional area in humans. Sports Med 37(3):225–264PubMedCrossRef
99.
go back to reference Wojtys EM, Huston LJ (2000) Longitudinal effects of anterior cruciate ligament injury and patellar tendon autograft reconstruction on neuromuscular performance. Am J Sports Med 28(3):336–344PubMed Wojtys EM, Huston LJ (2000) Longitudinal effects of anterior cruciate ligament injury and patellar tendon autograft reconstruction on neuromuscular performance. Am J Sports Med 28(3):336–344PubMed
100.
go back to reference von Porat A, Henriksson M, Holmstrom E, Roos EM (2007) Knee kinematics and kinetics in former soccer players with a 16-year-old ACL injury–the effects of twelve weeks of knee-specific training. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 8:35CrossRef von Porat A, Henriksson M, Holmstrom E, Roos EM (2007) Knee kinematics and kinetics in former soccer players with a 16-year-old ACL injury–the effects of twelve weeks of knee-specific training. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 8:35CrossRef
101.
go back to reference von Porat A, Roos EM, Roos H (2004) High prevalence of osteoarthritis 14 years after an anterior cruciate ligament tear in male soccer players: a study of radiographic and patient relevant outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis 63(3):269–273CrossRef von Porat A, Roos EM, Roos H (2004) High prevalence of osteoarthritis 14 years after an anterior cruciate ligament tear in male soccer players: a study of radiographic and patient relevant outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis 63(3):269–273CrossRef
102.
go back to reference Wright RW, Dunn WR, Amendola A, Andrish JT, Bergfeld J, Kaeding CC, Marx RG, McCarty EC, Parker RD, Wolcott M, Wolf BR, Spindler KP (2007) Risk of tearing the intact anterior cruciate ligament in the contralateral knee and rupturing the anterior cruciate ligament graft during the first 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective MOON cohort study. Am J Sports Med 35(7):1131–1134PubMedCrossRef Wright RW, Dunn WR, Amendola A, Andrish JT, Bergfeld J, Kaeding CC, Marx RG, McCarty EC, Parker RD, Wolcott M, Wolf BR, Spindler KP (2007) Risk of tearing the intact anterior cruciate ligament in the contralateral knee and rupturing the anterior cruciate ligament graft during the first 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective MOON cohort study. Am J Sports Med 35(7):1131–1134PubMedCrossRef
103.
go back to reference Xergia SA, McClelland JA, Kvist J, Vasiliadis HS, Georgoulis AD (2011) The influence of graft choice on isokinetic muscle strength 4–24 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19(5):768–780PubMedCrossRef Xergia SA, McClelland JA, Kvist J, Vasiliadis HS, Georgoulis AD (2011) The influence of graft choice on isokinetic muscle strength 4–24 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 19(5):768–780PubMedCrossRef
104.
go back to reference Yoon T, Hwang J (2000) Comparison of eccentric and concentric isokinetic exercise testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Yonsei Med J 41(5):584–592PubMed Yoon T, Hwang J (2000) Comparison of eccentric and concentric isokinetic exercise testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Yonsei Med J 41(5):584–592PubMed
Metadata
Title
Muscle strength and hop performance criteria prior to return to sports after ACL reconstruction
Authors
Roland Thomeé
Yonatan Kaplan
Joanna Kvist
Grethe Myklebust
May Arna Risberg
Daniel Theisen
Elias Tsepis
Suzanne Werner
Barbara Wondrasch
Erik Witvrouw
Publication date
01-11-2011
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy / Issue 11/2011
Print ISSN: 0942-2056
Electronic ISSN: 1433-7347
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-011-1669-8

Other articles of this Issue 11/2011

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 11/2011 Go to the issue