Top

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Published in:

01-08-2010 | Original Paper

Needs of Indian schizophrenia patients: an exploratory study from India

Authors: Parmanand Kulhara, Ajit Avasthi, Sandeep Grover, Pratap Sharan, Parveen Sharma, Sameer Malhotra, Sapna Gill

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 8/2010

Abstract

Background

Although there are many studies from the West, no study has evaluated the needs of schizophrenia patients in Indian setting.

Methodology

100 consecutive patients of schizophrenia were assessed on Camberwell Assessment of Needs questionnaire. Same questionnaire was also administered to the caregiver to assess their perception about the needs of the patients.

Results

Patients and their caregivers reported 8.12 and 7.13 needs, respectively, more than two-third of which were unmet. The most commonly reported needs by both patients and their caregivers were need for welfare benefits. Besides the welfare benefits, the four most common areas in which patients had needs and required help were—psychotic symptoms, psychological distress, information about the condition and money, whereas four most commonly reported area of needs reported by the caregivers were psychological distress, money, company and intimate relationships. Help provided by the government or non-governmental organizations was negligible.

Conclusions

Most of needs of schizophrenia patients are unmet.

Andreasen NC (1983) Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS). University of Iowa, Iowa City

Andreasen NC (1984) Scale for the assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS). University of Iowa, Iowa City

Avon Measure Working Group (1996) The Avon mental health measure. A user centred approach to assessing need. MIND, London

Barrowclough C, Marshall M, Lockwood A, Quinn J, Sellwood W (1998) Assessing relatives’ needs for psychosocial interventions in schizophrenia: a relative’s version of the Cardinal Needs Schedule (RCNS). Psychol Med 28:531–542CrossRefPubMed

Bengtsson-tops A, Hansson L (1999) Clinical and social needs of schizophrenic outpatients living in the community: the relationship between needs and subjective quality of life. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 10:513–518CrossRef

Brewin CR, Wing JK, Mangen SP, Brugha TS, Maccarthy B (1987) Principles and practice of measuring needs in the long-term mentally ill: the MRC needs for care assessment. Psychol Med 17:971–981CrossRefPubMed

Brewin CR (1992) Measuring individual needs for care and services. In: Thornicroft G, Brewin CR, Wing JK (eds) Measuring mental health needs. Gaskell, London, pp 220–236

Chadda RK, Pradhan SC, Bapna JS, Singhal R, Singh TB (2000) Chronic psychiatric patients: an assessment of treatment and rehabilitation-related needs. Int J Rehabil Res 23:55–58CrossRefPubMed

Chakrabarti S, Kulhara P (1999) Family burden of caring for people with mental illness. Letter to Editor. Br J Psychiatry 174:463PubMed

10.

Chakrabarti S, Raj L, Kulhara P, Avasthi A, Verma SK (1995) A comparison of the extent and pattern of family burden in affective disorders and schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry 37:105–112

11.

Department of Health Social Services Inspectorate (1991) Care management and assessment: summary of practice guidance. HMSO, London

12.

Evans S, Greenhalgh J, Connelly J (2000) Selecting a mental health needs assessment scale: guidance on the critical appraisal of standardized measures. J Eval Clin Pract 6:379–393CrossRefPubMed

13.

Foldemo A, Bogren L (2002) Need assessment and quality of life in outpatients with schizophrenia: a 5-year follow-up study. Scand J Caring Sci 16:393–398CrossRefPubMed

14.

Grinshpoon A, Ponizovsky AM (2008) The relationships between need profiles, clinical symptoms, functioning and the well-being of inpatients with severe mental disorders. J Eval Clin Pract 14:218–225CrossRefPubMed

15.

Grover S, Avasthi A, Chakrabarti S, Bhansali A, Kulhara P (2005) Cost of care of schizophrenia: a study of Indian outpatient attenders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 112:54–63CrossRefPubMed

16.

Hansson L, Bjorkman T, Svensson B (1995) The assessment of needs in psychiatric patients: interrater reliability of the Swedish version of the Camberwell Assessment of Needs instrument and results from a cross-sectional study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 92:285–293CrossRefPubMed

17.

Hansson L, Vinding HR, Mackeprang T, Sourander A, Werdelin G, Bengtsson-Tops A et al (2001) Comparison of key worker and patient assessment of needs in schizophrenic patients living in the community: a Nordic multicentric study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 103:45–51CrossRefPubMed

18.

Kovess-Masféty V, Wiersma D, Xavier M, de Almeida JM, Carta MG, Dubuis J et al (2006) Needs for care among patients with schizophrenia in six European countries: a one-year follow-up study. Clin Pract Epidemol Ment Health 2:22CrossRef

19.

Kulhara P, Shah R, Grover S (2009) Is the course and outcome of schizophrenia better in the ‘developing’ world? Asian J Psychiatry 2:55–62CrossRef

20.

Marshall M, Lockwood A, Gath A (1995) Social services case management for long term mental disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 345:409–412CrossRefPubMed

21.

Middelboe T, Mackeprang T, Hansson L, Werdelin G, Karlsson H, Bjarnason O et al (2001) The Nordic study on schizophrenic patients living in the community. Subjective needs and perceived help. Eur Psychiatry 16:207–214CrossRefPubMed

22.

Middelboe T, Mackeprang T, Thalsgaard D, Christiansen PB (1998) A housing support programme for the mentally ill: need profile and satisfaction among users. Acta Psychiatr Scand 98:321–327CrossRefPubMed

23.

Nakanishi M, Setoya Y, Kodaka M, Makino H, Nishimura A, Yamauchi K et al (2007) Symptom dimensions and needs of care among patients with schizophrenia in hospital and the community. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 61:495–501CrossRefPubMed

24.

Nehra R, Kulhara P (1987) Development of a scale for the assessment of social support. Initial tryout in Indian setting. Indian J Soc Psychiatry 4:353–359

25.

Ochoa S, Haro JM, Autonell J, Pendàs A, Teba F, Màrquez M et al (2003) Met and unmet needs of schizophrenia patients in a Spanish sample. Schizophr Bull 29:201–210PubMed

26.

Ochoa S, Haro Jm, Usall J, Autonell J, Vicens E, Asensio F et al (2005) Needs and its relation to symptom dimensions in a sample of outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 75:129–134CrossRefPubMed

27.

Pai S, Kapoor RL (1981) The burden on the family of a psychiatric patient: development of an interview schedule. Br J Psychiatry 138:332–335CrossRefPubMed

28.

Pershad D, Verma SK, Malhotra A (1985) Measurement of dysfunction and Dysfunction Analysis Questionnaire. National Psychological Corporation, Agra

29.

Phelan M, Slade M, Thornicroft G, Dunn G, Holloway F, Wykes T et al (1995) The Camberwell Assessment of Need: the validity and reliability of an instrument to assess the needs of people with severe mental illness. Br J Psychiatry 167:589–595CrossRefPubMed

30.

Pryce IG, Griffiths RD, Gentry RM, Hughes IC, Montague LR, Watkins SE et al (1993) How important is the assessment of social skills in current long-stay in-patients? Br J Psychiatry 162:498–502CrossRefPubMed

31.

Raj L, Kulhara P, Avasthi A (1991) Social burden of positive and negative schizophrenia. Int J Soc Psychiatry 37:242–250CrossRefPubMed

32.

Ruggeri M, Leese M, Slade M, Bonizzato P, Fontecedro L, Tansella M (2004) Demographic, clinical, social and service variables associated with higher needs for care in community psychiatric service patients. The South Verona Outcome Project 8. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 39:60–68CrossRefPubMed

33.

Simons L, Petch A (2002) Needs assessment and discharge: a Scottish perspective. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 9:435–445CrossRefPubMed

34.

Slade M, Phelan M, Thornicroft G, Perkman S (1996) The Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN): comparison of assessment by staff and patients of the needs of the severely mentally ill. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 31:109–113CrossRefPubMed

35.

Slade M, Phelan M, Thornicroft G (1998) A comparison of needs assessed by staff and by an epidemiologically representative sample of patients with psychosis. Psychol Med 28:543–550CrossRefPubMed

36.

Usall J, Haro JM, Ochoa S, Márquez M, Araya S (2002) Needs of patients with schizophrenia group. Influence of gender on social outcome in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 106:337–342CrossRefPubMed

37.

Wiersma D, Nienhuis FJ, Giel R, Slooff CJ (1998) Stability and change in needs of patients with schizophrenic disorders: a 15- and 17-year follow-up from first onset of psychosis, and a comparison between ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ assessments of needs for care. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 33:49–56CrossRefPubMed

38.

World Health Organization (1992) Tenth revision of the international classification of diseases and related health problems. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organization, Geneva

Title: Needs of Indian schizophrenia patients: an exploratory study from India
Authors: Parmanand Kulhara
Ajit Avasthi
Sandeep Grover
Pratap Sharan
Parveen Sharma
Sameer Malhotra
Sapna Gill
Publication date: 01-08-2010
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 8/2010
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0126-1

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Needs of Indian schizophrenia patients: an exploratory study from India

Abstract

Background

Methodology

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methodology

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 8/2010

Residential mobility among individuals with severe mental illness: cohort study of UK700 participants

Does bereavement-related first episode depression differ from other kinds of first depressions?

Using multiple-cause-of-death data as a complement of underlying-cause-of-death data in examining mortality differences in psychiatric disorders between countries

Religiosity and decreased risk of substance use disorders: is the effect mediated by social support or mental health status?

Differences in psychotropic drug prescriptions among ethnic groups in the Netherlands

Suicide and marital status in Northern Ireland