Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 5/2008

01-05-2008 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Symptomatology of depressive state in the workplace

A 20-year cohort study

Authors: Takeaki Takeuchi, MD, MPH, PhD, Mutsuhiro Nakao, Eiji Yano

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 5/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

Authors investigated symptomatology of depressive state among workers in a 20-year study. A cohort of 167 men of a company in Japan, aged 18–40 years old at baseline in 1985 was researched as a study sample. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Zung’s self-rating depression scale (SDS) consisting of 6 somatic- and 14 psychological-symptom items. In a logistic regression analysis, sleep disturbance and fatigue, and total somatic-symptom scores were related to both future and long-term depressive state (all P < 0.05), after adjusting age and other variables. Although many unrecognized cases of depression exist, they may report somatic symptoms as potential depressive state.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Alford BA, Lester JM, Patel RJ, Buchanan JP, Giunta LC (1995) Hopelessness predicts future depressive symptoms: a prospective analysis of cognitive vulnerability and cognitive content specificity. J Clin Psychol 51(3):331–339PubMedCrossRef Alford BA, Lester JM, Patel RJ, Buchanan JP, Giunta LC (1995) Hopelessness predicts future depressive symptoms: a prospective analysis of cognitive vulnerability and cognitive content specificity. J Clin Psychol 51(3):331–339PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Angst J, Merikangas K (1997) The depressive spectrum: diagnostic classification and course. J Affect Disord 45(1–2): 31–39PubMedCrossRef Angst J, Merikangas K (1997) The depressive spectrum: diagnostic classification and course. J Affect Disord 45(1–2): 31–39PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Barrett J, Hurst MW, DiScala C, Rose RM (1978) Prevalence of depression over a 12-month period in a nonpatient population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35(6):741–744PubMed Barrett J, Hurst MW, DiScala C, Rose RM (1978) Prevalence of depression over a 12-month period in a nonpatient population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35(6):741–744PubMed
4.
go back to reference Biederman J, Faraone SV, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Friedman D, Robin JA, Rosenbaum JF (2001) Patterns of psychopathology and dysfunction in high-risk children of parents with panic disorder and major depression. Am J Psychiatry 158(1):49–57PubMedCrossRef Biederman J, Faraone SV, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Friedman D, Robin JA, Rosenbaum JF (2001) Patterns of psychopathology and dysfunction in high-risk children of parents with panic disorder and major depression. Am J Psychiatry 158(1):49–57PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Buysse D (2004) Insomnia, depression and aging. Assessing sleep and mood interactions in older adults. Geriatrics 59(2):47–51PubMed Buysse D (2004) Insomnia, depression and aging. Assessing sleep and mood interactions in older adults. Geriatrics 59(2):47–51PubMed
6.
go back to reference Chida F, Okayama A, Nishi N, Sakai A (2004) Factor analysis of Zung Scale scores in a Japanese general population. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 58(4):420–426PubMedCrossRef Chida F, Okayama A, Nishi N, Sakai A (2004) Factor analysis of Zung Scale scores in a Japanese general population. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 58(4):420–426PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Clark LA, Vittengl J, Kraft D, Jarrett RB (2003) Separate personality traits from states to predict depression. J Personal Disord 17(2):152–172PubMedCrossRef Clark LA, Vittengl J, Kraft D, Jarrett RB (2003) Separate personality traits from states to predict depression. J Personal Disord 17(2):152–172PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Colon de Marti L, Guzman Yunque F, Guevara-Ramos L (1997) Early detection of depression using the Zung self-rating depression scale. P R Health Sci J 16(4):375–379 Colon de Marti L, Guzman Yunque F, Guevara-Ramos L (1997) Early detection of depression using the Zung self-rating depression scale. P R Health Sci J 16(4):375–379
9.
go back to reference Ebert D, Martus P (1994) Somatization as a core symptom of melancholic type depression. Evidence from a cross-cultural study. J Affect Disord 32(4):253–256PubMedCrossRef Ebert D, Martus P (1994) Somatization as a core symptom of melancholic type depression. Evidence from a cross-cultural study. J Affect Disord 32(4):253–256PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Fogel J, Eaton WW, Ford DE (2006) Minor depression as a predictor of the first onset of major depressive disorder over a 15-year follow-up. Acta Psychiatr Scand 113(1):36–43PubMedCrossRef Fogel J, Eaton WW, Ford DE (2006) Minor depression as a predictor of the first onset of major depressive disorder over a 15-year follow-up. Acta Psychiatr Scand 113(1):36–43PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Fukuda K, Kobayashi S (1973) A study on a self-rating depression scale. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 75(10):673–679PubMed Fukuda K, Kobayashi S (1973) A study on a self-rating depression scale. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 75(10):673–679PubMed
12.
go back to reference Haavisto A, Sourander A, Multimaki P, Parkkola K, Santalahati P, Helenius H, Nikolakaros G, Kumpulainen K, Moilanen I, Piha J, Aronen E, Puura K, Linna SL, Almqvist F (2004) Factors associated with depressive symptoms among 18-year-old boys: a prospective 10 year follow-up study. J Affect Disord 83(2–3):143–154PubMedCrossRef Haavisto A, Sourander A, Multimaki P, Parkkola K, Santalahati P, Helenius H, Nikolakaros G, Kumpulainen K, Moilanen I, Piha J, Aronen E, Puura K, Linna SL, Almqvist F (2004) Factors associated with depressive symptoms among 18-year-old boys: a prospective 10 year follow-up study. J Affect Disord 83(2–3):143–154PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Ierodiakonou CS, Iacovides A (1987) Somatic manifestations of depressive patients in different psychiatric settings. Psychopathology 20(3–4):136–143PubMedCrossRef Ierodiakonou CS, Iacovides A (1987) Somatic manifestations of depressive patients in different psychiatric settings. Psychopathology 20(3–4):136–143PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Uchiyama M, Takemura S, Kawahara K, Yokoyama E, Miyake T, Harano S, Suzuki K, Fujita T (2006) The relationship between depression and sleep disturbances: a Japanese nationwide general population survey. J Clin Psychiatry 67(2):196–203PubMedCrossRef Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Uchiyama M, Takemura S, Kawahara K, Yokoyama E, Miyake T, Harano S, Suzuki K, Fujita T (2006) The relationship between depression and sleep disturbances: a Japanese nationwide general population survey. J Clin Psychiatry 67(2):196–203PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Kessler RC, Barber C, Birnbaum HG, Frank RG, Greenberg PE, Rose RM, Simon GE, Wang P (1999) Depression in the workplace: effects on short-term disability. Health Aff 18(5):163–171CrossRef Kessler RC, Barber C, Birnbaum HG, Frank RG, Greenberg PE, Rose RM, Simon GE, Wang P (1999) Depression in the workplace: effects on short-term disability. Health Aff 18(5):163–171CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Kleinman A (1982) Neurasthenia and depression: a study of somatization and culture in China. Cult Med Psychiatry 6(2):117–190PubMedCrossRef Kleinman A (1982) Neurasthenia and depression: a study of somatization and culture in China. Cult Med Psychiatry 6(2):117–190PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Kuehner C (2003) Gender differences in unipolar depression: an update of epidemiological findings and possible explanations. Acta Psychiatr Scand 108(3):163–174PubMedCrossRef Kuehner C (2003) Gender differences in unipolar depression: an update of epidemiological findings and possible explanations. Acta Psychiatr Scand 108(3):163–174PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Lewinsohn PM, Roberts RE, Seeley JR, Rohde P, Gotlib IH, Hops H (1994) Adolescent psychopathology: II. Psychosocial risk factors for depression. J Abnorm Psychol 103(2):302–315PubMedCrossRef Lewinsohn PM, Roberts RE, Seeley JR, Rohde P, Gotlib IH, Hops H (1994) Adolescent psychopathology: II. Psychosocial risk factors for depression. J Abnorm Psychol 103(2):302–315PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Livingston G, Blizard B, Mann A (1993) Does sleep disturbance predict depression in elderly people? A study in inner London. Br J Gen Pract 43(376):445–448PubMed Livingston G, Blizard B, Mann A (1993) Does sleep disturbance predict depression in elderly people? A study in inner London. Br J Gen Pract 43(376):445–448PubMed
20.
go back to reference McCraine E, Riley W (1992) Hopelessness and persistence of depression in an inpatient sample. Cognit Ther Res 16(6):699–708CrossRef McCraine E, Riley W (1992) Hopelessness and persistence of depression in an inpatient sample. Cognit Ther Res 16(6):699–708CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Nakao M, Takeuchi T (2006) The suicide epidemic in Japan and strategies of depression screening for its prevention. Bull World Health Organ 84(6):492–493PubMedCrossRef Nakao M, Takeuchi T (2006) The suicide epidemic in Japan and strategies of depression screening for its prevention. Bull World Health Organ 84(6):492–493PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Nakao M, Yamanaka G, Kuboki T (2001) Major depression and somatic symptoms in a mind/body medicine clinic. Psychopathology 34(5):230–235PubMedCrossRef Nakao M, Yamanaka G, Kuboki T (2001) Major depression and somatic symptoms in a mind/body medicine clinic. Psychopathology 34(5):230–235PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Nakao M, Yano E (2006) Prediction of major depression in Japanese adults: somatic manifestation of depression in annual health examinations. J Affect Disord 90(1):29–35PubMedCrossRef Nakao M, Yano E (2006) Prediction of major depression in Japanese adults: somatic manifestation of depression in annual health examinations. J Affect Disord 90(1):29–35PubMedCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Nakao M, Yano E (2003) Reporting of somatic symptoms as a screening marker for detecting major depression in a population of Japanese white-collar workers. J Clin Epidemiol 56(10):1021–1026PubMedCrossRef Nakao M, Yano E (2003) Reporting of somatic symptoms as a screening marker for detecting major depression in a population of Japanese white-collar workers. J Clin Epidemiol 56(10):1021–1026PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Nakao M, Yano E (2006) Somatic symptoms for predicting depression: one-year follow-up study in annual health examinations. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 60(2):219–225PubMedCrossRef Nakao M, Yano E (2006) Somatic symptoms for predicting depression: one-year follow-up study in annual health examinations. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 60(2):219–225PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Perlman CA, Johnson SL, Mellman TA (2006) The prospective impact of sleep duration on depression and mania. Bipolar Disord 8(3):271–274PubMedCrossRef Perlman CA, Johnson SL, Mellman TA (2006) The prospective impact of sleep duration on depression and mania. Bipolar Disord 8(3):271–274PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Petty CR, Rosenbaum JF, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Henin A, Hubley S, Lacasse S, Faraone SV, Biederman J (2008) The child behavior checklist broad-band scales predict subsequent psychopathology: a 5-year follow-up. J Anxiety Diord 21 (in press) Petty CR, Rosenbaum JF, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Henin A, Hubley S, Lacasse S, Faraone SV, Biederman J (2008) The child behavior checklist broad-band scales predict subsequent psychopathology: a 5-year follow-up. J Anxiety Diord 21 (in press)
28.
go back to reference Simon G, Ormel J, VonKorff M, Barlow W (1995) Health care costs associated with depressive and anxiety disorders in primary care. Am J Psychiatry 152(3):352–357PubMed Simon G, Ormel J, VonKorff M, Barlow W (1995) Health care costs associated with depressive and anxiety disorders in primary care. Am J Psychiatry 152(3):352–357PubMed
29.
go back to reference Simon G, VonKorff M, Piccinelli M, Fullerton C, Ormel J (1999) An international study of the relation between somatic symptoms and depression. N Engl J Med 341(18):1329–1335PubMedCrossRef Simon G, VonKorff M, Piccinelli M, Fullerton C, Ormel J (1999) An international study of the relation between somatic symptoms and depression. N Engl J Med 341(18):1329–1335PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Stoudemire A, Kahn M, Brown JT, Linfors E, Houpt JL (1985) Masked depression in a combined medical-psychiatric unit. Psychosomatics 26(3):227–228 Stoudemire A, Kahn M, Brown JT, Linfors E, Houpt JL (1985) Masked depression in a combined medical-psychiatric unit. Psychosomatics 26(3):227–228
31.
go back to reference Tajima O (2001) Mental health care in Japan: recognition and treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 62:39–44PubMed Tajima O (2001) Mental health care in Japan: recognition and treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 62:39–44PubMed
32.
go back to reference Tatara K (2001) Kenko-Nippon-21. Gyosei, Tokyo Tatara K (2001) Kenko-Nippon-21. Gyosei, Tokyo
33.
go back to reference The World Health Organization (2001) World health report 2001, mental health: new understanding, new hope. The World Health Organization, Geneva The World Health Organization (2001) World health report 2001, mental health: new understanding, new hope. The World Health Organization, Geneva
34.
go back to reference Watanabe Y (1999) Patient survey I. Health and Welfare statistics, Tokyo Watanabe Y (1999) Patient survey I. Health and Welfare statistics, Tokyo
35.
go back to reference Zung WW (1965) A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 12:63–70PubMed Zung WW (1965) A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 12:63–70PubMed
36.
go back to reference Zung WW (1969) A cross-cultural survey of symptoms in depression. Am J Psychiatry 126(1):116–121PubMed Zung WW (1969) A cross-cultural survey of symptoms in depression. Am J Psychiatry 126(1):116–121PubMed
37.
go back to reference Zung WW, Magruder HK, Velez R, Alling W (1990) The comorbidity of anxiety and depression in general medical patients: a longitudinal study. J Clin Psychiatry 51(Suppl):77–80 (discussion 81)PubMed Zung WW, Magruder HK, Velez R, Alling W (1990) The comorbidity of anxiety and depression in general medical patients: a longitudinal study. J Clin Psychiatry 51(Suppl):77–80 (discussion 81)PubMed
38.
go back to reference Zwaigenbaum L, Szatamari P, Boyle MH, Offord DR (1999) Highly somatizing young adolescents and the risk of depression. Pediatrics 103(6):1203–1209PubMedCrossRef Zwaigenbaum L, Szatamari P, Boyle MH, Offord DR (1999) Highly somatizing young adolescents and the risk of depression. Pediatrics 103(6):1203–1209PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Symptomatology of depressive state in the workplace
A 20-year cohort study
Authors
Takeaki Takeuchi, MD, MPH, PhD
Mutsuhiro Nakao
Eiji Yano
Publication date
01-05-2008
Publisher
Steinkopff-Verlag
Published in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 5/2008
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-008-0306-4

Other articles of this Issue 5/2008

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 5/2008 Go to the issue