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Diabetologia
Published in: Diabetologia 10/2015

01-10-2015 | Article

Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans

Authors: Erin L. Glynn, Lucy W. Piner, Kim M. Huffman, Cris A. Slentz, Lorraine Elliot-Penry, Hiba AbouAssi, Phillip J. White, James R. Bain, Michael J. Muehlbauer, Olga R. Ilkayeva, Robert D. Stevens, Kathryn N. Porter Starr, Connie W. Bales, Elena Volpi, M. Julia Brosnan, Jeff K. Trimmer, Timothy P. Rolph, Christopher B. Newgard, William E. Kraus

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 10/2015

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Abstract

Aims/hypotheses

Obesity is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity (IS) and elevated plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between BCAA metabolism and IS in overweight (OW) individuals during exercise intervention.

Methods

Whole-body leucine turnover, IS by hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp, and circulating and skeletal muscle amino acids, branched-chain α-keto acids and acylcarnitines were measured in ten healthy controls (Control) and nine OW, untrained, insulin-resistant individuals (OW-Untrained). OW-Untrained then underwent a 6 month aerobic and resistance exercise programme and repeated testing (OW-Trained).

Results

IS was higher in Control vs OW-Untrained and increased significantly following exercise. IS was lower in OW-Trained vs Control expressed relative to body mass, but was not different from Control when normalised to fat-free mass (FFM). Plasma BCAAs and leucine turnover (relative to FFM) were higher in OW-Untrained vs Control, but did not change on average with exercise. Despite this, within individuals, the decrease in molar sum of circulating BCAAs was the best metabolic predictor of improvement in IS. Circulating glycine levels were higher in Control and OW-Trained vs OW-Untrained, and urinary metabolic profiling suggests that exercise induces more efficient elimination of excess acyl groups derived from BCAA and aromatic amino acid (AA) metabolism via formation of urinary glycine adducts.

Conclusions/interpretation

A mechanism involving more efficient elimination of excess acyl groups derived from BCAA and aromatic AA metabolism via glycine conjugation in the liver, rather than increased BCAA disposal through oxidation and turnover, may mediate interactions between exercise, BCAA metabolism and IS.

Trial registration:

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01786941
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Impact of combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on branched-chain amino acid turnover, glycine metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight humans
Authors
Erin L. Glynn
Lucy W. Piner
Kim M. Huffman
Cris A. Slentz
Lorraine Elliot-Penry
Hiba AbouAssi
Phillip J. White
James R. Bain
Michael J. Muehlbauer
Olga R. Ilkayeva
Robert D. Stevens
Kathryn N. Porter Starr
Connie W. Bales
Elena Volpi
M. Julia Brosnan
Jeff K. Trimmer
Timothy P. Rolph
Christopher B. Newgard
William E. Kraus
Publication date
01-10-2015
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Diabetologia / Issue 10/2015
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3705-6

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