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Diabetologia
Published in: Diabetologia 1/2013

01-01-2013 | Article

Impact of eating rate on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors according to glucose tolerance status: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry and the Hisayama Study

Authors: T. Ohkuma, H. Fujii, M. Iwase, Y. Kikuchi, S. Ogata, Y. Idewaki, H. Ide, Y. Doi, Y. Hirakawa, N. Mukai, T. Ninomiya, K. Uchida, U. Nakamura, S. Sasaki, Y. Kiyohara, T. Kitazono

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

Medical nutrition therapy plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, appropriate measures of eating behaviours, such as eating rate, have not yet been clearly established. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations among eating rate, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods

A total of 7,275 Japanese individuals aged ≥40 years who had normal fasting glucose levels, impaired fasting glucose or diabetes were divided into four groups according to self-reported eating rate: slow, medium, relatively fast and very fast. The associations between eating rate and various cardiovascular risk factors were investigated cross-sectionally.

Results

The proportions of participants who were obese or who had elevated waist circumference levels increased progressively with increases in eating rate (p for trend <0.001), regardless of glucose tolerance status. These associations remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders, namely, age, sex, total energy intake, dietary fibre intake, current smoking, current drinking and regular exercise (p for trend <0.001). Blood pressure and lipid levels also tended to increase in association with eating rate. HbA1c rose significantly as eating rate increased, even after multivariate adjustment, including BMI, in diabetic patients on insulin therapy (p = 0.02), whereas fasting plasma glucose did not increase significantly.

Conclusions/interpretation

Our findings suggest that eating rate is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors and therefore may be a modifiable risk factor in the management of cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes.
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Metadata
Title
Impact of eating rate on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors according to glucose tolerance status: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry and the Hisayama Study
Authors
T. Ohkuma
H. Fujii
M. Iwase
Y. Kikuchi
S. Ogata
Y. Idewaki
H. Ide
Y. Doi
Y. Hirakawa
N. Mukai
T. Ninomiya
K. Uchida
U. Nakamura
S. Sasaki
Y. Kiyohara
T. Kitazono
Publication date
01-01-2013
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Diabetologia / Issue 1/2013
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2746-3

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