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Diabetologia
Published in: Diabetologia 1/2008

01-01-2008 | Article

Metabolic aspects of pig-to-monkey (Macaca fascicularis) islet transplantation: implications for translation into clinical practice

Authors: A. Casu, R. Bottino, A. N. Balamurugan, H. Hara, D. J. van der Windt, N. Campanile, C. Smetanka, D. K. C. Cooper, M. Trucco

Published in: Diabetologia | Issue 1/2008

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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis

Attempts to use an alternative source of islets to restore glucose homeostasis in diabetic patients require preclinical islet xenotransplantation models to be tested. These models raise questions about metabolic compatibility between species and the most appropriate metabolic parameters to be used to monitor graft function. The present study investigated and compared relevant gluco-metabolic parameters in pigs, monkeys and the pig-to-monkey islet transplantation model to gain insight into the potential clinical outcome of pig-to-human islet transplantation.

Methods

Basal and IVGTT-stimulated blood glucose, C-peptide, insulin and glucagon levels were assessed in non-diabetic pigs and monkeys. The same parameters were used to evaluate the performance of porcine islet xenografts in diabetic monkeys.

Results

Non-diabetic cynomolgus monkeys showed lower levels of fasting and stimulated blood glucose but higher levels of C-peptide and insulin than non-diabetic pigs. The reported levels in humans lie between those of monkeys and pigs, and differences in metabolic parameters between pigs and humans appear to be smaller than those between pigs and cynomolgus monkeys. The transplantation data indicated that the degree of graft function (evaluated by the measurement of C-peptide levels) necessary to normalise blood glucose in the recipient was determined by the recipient levels rather than by the donor levels.

Conclusions/interpretation

The differences between donor and recipient species may affect the transplantation outcome and need to be considered when assessing graft function in xenotransplantation models. Given the differences between monkeys and humans as potential recipients of pig islets, it should be easier to reach glucose homeostasis in pig-to-human than in pig-to-non-human primate islet xenotransplantation.
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Metadata
Title
Metabolic aspects of pig-to-monkey (Macaca fascicularis) islet transplantation: implications for translation into clinical practice
Authors
A. Casu
R. Bottino
A. N. Balamurugan
H. Hara
D. J. van der Windt
N. Campanile
C. Smetanka
D. K. C. Cooper
M. Trucco
Publication date
01-01-2008
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Diabetologia / Issue 1/2008
Print ISSN: 0012-186X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0428
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-007-0844-4

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