Top

Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie

Published in:

20-04-2022 | Original Article

In vitro study of structural and mechanical properties of latex and non-latex intermaxillary orthodontic elastics

Authors: Dr. Marília Pacífico Lucisano, Mónica Verónica Escalante Romero, Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva, Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva, Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb, Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni, Fábio Lourenço Romano, Paulo Nelson-Filho

Published in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie | Special Issue 2/2023

Abstract

Purpose

We evaluated bacterial endotoxin adhesion, superficial micromorphology and mechanical properties of latex and non-latex intermaxillary orthodontic elastics.

Methods

To quantify the adhered bacterial endotoxin, elastics were divided into 5 groups: experimental (n = 12) latex and non-latex elastics, previously contaminated by an endotoxin solution, negative control (n = 6) latex and non-latex elastics without contamination, and positive control (n = 6) stainless steel specimens (metallic replicas), contaminated by an endotoxin solution. In parallel, the structural micromorphology (n = 6) and surface roughness of latex and non-latex intermaxillary orthodontic elastics were assessed using confocal laser microscopy. Force degradation (g) and deformation of the internal diameter change (mm) were also evaluated. Structural micromorphology, surface roughness (µm), force degradation (g) and internal diameter (mm) change were evaluated at time 0 and after 24 and 72 h in a deformation test. Data were analyzed by the Shapiro–Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn, ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 5%).

Results

Endotoxin adhered similarly to both types of elastics with scores of 3 (> 1.0 EU/mL). The surface microstructure of both types of elastics showed irregularities and porosities at all times. Initially, the latex elastics had a higher surface roughness (p < 0.001) than the non-latex ones. After 24 h loading, surface roughness of the latex elastics was significantly reduced (p < 0.001), while after 72 h, the values were similar for both types (p > 0.05). The non-latex elastics had significantly higher force generation values (p < 0.05) at 0, 24 and 72 h compared with the latex elastics, although there was a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in force over time for both elastics. Despite similar initial values, non-latex elastics had a significantly larger internal diameter (p < 0.001) after the loading periods of 24 and 72 h compared with the latex elastics.

Conclusion

Both elastics showed high affinity with endotoxin and microstructural irregularities of their surface. The non-latex elastics generated higher force values but demonstrated greater deformation of the internal diameter after loading.

Steinberg D, Eyal S (2004) Initial biofilm formation of Streptococcus sobrinus on various orthodontics appliances. J Oral Rehabil 31:1041–1045PubMedCrossRef

Nelson-Filho P, Argandoña Valdez RM, Andrucioli MCD, Saraiva MCP, Feres M, Sorgi CA, Faccioli LH (2011) Gram-negative periodontal pathogens and bacterial endotoxin in metallic orthodontic brackets with or without an antimicrobial agent: an in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 140:e281–e287PubMedCrossRef

Andrucioli MCD, Matsumoto MAN, Fukada SY, Saraiva MCP, Bergamo AZN, Romano FL, Silva RABD, Silva LABD, Nelson-Filho P (2019) Quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis markers in successful and failed orthodontic mini-implants. J Appl Oral Sci 27:e20180476PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Atack NE, Sandy JR, Addy M (1996) Periodontal and microbiological changes associated with the placement of orthodontic appliances. A review. J Periodontol 67:78–85PubMedCrossRef

Anhoury P, Nathanson D, Hughes CV, Socransky S, Feres M, Chou LL (2002) Microbial profile on metallic and ceramic bracket materials. Angle Orthod 72:338–343PubMed

Bergamo AZN, Matsumoto MAN, Nascimento CD, Andrucioli MCD, Romano FL, Silva RAB, Silva LAB, Nelson-Filho P (2019) Microbial species associated with dental caries found in saliva and in situ after use of self-ligating and conventional brackets. J Appl Oral Sci 27:e20180426PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Taha M, El-Fallal A, Degla H (2016) In vitro and in vivo biofilm adhesion to esthetic coated arch wires and its correlation with surface roughness. Angle Orthod 86:285–291PubMedCrossRef

Jenkins WM, Papapanou PN (2001) Epidemiology of periodontal disease in children and adolescents. Periodontol 2000 26:16–32PubMedCrossRef

Ren L, Leung WK, Darveau RP, Jin L (2005) The expression profile of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, membrane-bound CD14, and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 76:1950–1959PubMedCrossRef

10.

Ou YY, Jiang Y, Li H, Zhang YY, Lu Y, Chen DF (2017) Polysaccharides from Arnebia euchroma ameliorated endotoxic fever and acute lung injury in rats through inhibiting complement system. Inflammation 40:275–284PubMedCrossRef

11.

Nelson-Filho P, Leonardo MR, Silva LA, Assed S (2002) Radiographic evaluation of the effect of endotoxin (LPS) plus calcium hydroxide on apical and periapical tissues of dogs. J Endod 28:694–696PubMedCrossRef

12.

Rietschel ET, Brade H (1992) Bacterial endotoxins. Sci Am 267:54–61PubMedCrossRef

13.

Lucisano MP, Nelson-Filho P, Silva RAB, Silva LAB, De Rossi A (2014) Role of endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions: molecular mechanisms involved in endotoxin’s recognition and cell activation. RGO 62:289–298

14.

Knoernschild KL, Rogers HM, Lefebvre CA, Fortson WM, Schuster GS (1999) Endotoxin affinity for orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 115:634–639PubMedCrossRef

15.

Gagnon F, Knoernschild KL, Payant L, Tompkins GR, Litaker MS, Schuster GS (1994) Endotoxin affinity for provisional restorative resins. J Prosthodont 3:228–236PubMedCrossRef

16.

Knoernschild KL, Tompkins GR, Lefebvre CA, Griffiths LL, Schuster GS (1996) Effect of pH on Porphyromonas gingivalis endotoxin affinity for resins. Int J Prosthodont 9:239–247PubMed

17.

Andrucioli MCD, Matsumoto MAN, Saraiva MCP, Feres M, Figueiredo LC, Sorgi CA, Faccioli LH, Silva RABD, Silva LABD, Nelson-Filho P (2018) Successful and failed mini-implants: microbiological evaluation and quantification of bacterial endotoxin. J Appl Oral Sci 26:e20170631PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

18.

Knoernschild KL, Tompkins GR, Schuster GS, Lefebvre CA, Russell CM (1997) Effect of treatment concentration on lipopolysaccharide affinity for two alloys. Dent Mater 13:111–117PubMedCrossRef

19.

Nelson SK, Knoernschild KL, Robinson FG, Schuster GS (1997) Lipopolysaccharide affinity for titanium implant biomaterials. J Prosthet Dent 77:76–82PubMedCrossRef

20.

Robinson FG, Knoernschild KL, Sterrett JD, Tompkins GR (1996) Porphyromonas gingivalis endotoxin affinity for dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 75:217–227PubMedCrossRef

21.

Pinto LS, Nelson-Filho P, Matsumoto M, Romano FL, Romualdo PC, Queiroz AM, Silva RAB, Silva LAB (2021) Orthodontic elastomeric aesthetic ligatures: quantification of bacterial endotoxin in vitro and in vivo. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 159:660–665PubMedCrossRef

22.

Romualdo PC, Guerra TR, Romano FL, Silva RABD, Brandão IT, Silva CL, Silva LABD, Nelson-Filho P (2017) Bacterial endotoxin adhesion to different types of orthodontic adhesives. J Appl Oral Sci 25:436–441PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

23.

Braun U, Lorenz E, Weimann C, Sturm H, Karimov I, Ettl J, Meier R, Wohlgemuth WA, Berger H, Wildgruber M (2016) Mechanic and surface properties of central-venous port catheters after removal: A comparison of polyurethane and silicon rubber materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 64:281–291PubMedCrossRef

24.

Eliades T, Bourauel C (2005) Intraoral aging of orthodontic materials: the picture we miss and its clinical relevance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 127:403–412PubMedCrossRef

25.

Papadopoulou AK, Cantele A, Polychronis G, Zinelis S, Eliades T (2019) Changes in roughness and mechanical properties of Invisalign() appliances after one- and two-weeks use. Materials 12:2406PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

26.

Hobbelink MG, He Y, Xu J, Xie H, Stoll R, Ye Q (2015) Synergistic effect of wire bending and salivary pH on surface properties and mechanical properties of orthodontic stainless steel archwires. Prog Orthod 16:37PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

27.

Muguruma T, Iijima M, Yuasa T, Kawaguchi K, Mizoguchi I (2017) Characterization of the coatings covering esthetic orthodontic archwires and their influence on the bending and frictional properties. Angle Orthod 87:610–617PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

28.

Cury SE, Aliaga-Del CA, Pinzan A, Sakoda KL, Bellini-Pereira SA, Janson G (2019) Orthodontic brackets friction changes after clinical use: a systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent 11:e482–e490PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

29.

Wong AK (1976) Orthodontic elastic materials. Angle Orthod 46:196–205PubMed

30.

Berthelot K, Lecomte S, Estevez Y, Zhendre V, Henry S, Thévenot J, Dufourc EJ, Alves ID, Peruch F (2014) Rubber particle proteins, HbREF and HbSRPP, show different interactions with model membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1838:287–299PubMedCrossRef

31.

López N, Vicente A, Bravo LA, Calvo Guirado JL, Canteras M (2012) In vitro study of force decay of latex and non-latex orthodontic elastics. Eur J Orthod 34:202–207PubMedCrossRef

32.

Cronin E (1980) Rubber. In: Cronin E (ed) Contact dermatites. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 714–770

33.

Kersey ML, Glover KE, Heo G, Raboud D, Major PW (2003) A comparison of dynamic and static testing of latex and nonlatex orthodontic elastics. Angle Orthod 73:181–186PubMed

34.

Dos Santos RL, Pithon MM, Romanos MTV (2012) The influence of pH levels on mechanical and biological properties of nonlatex and latex elastics. Angle Orthod 82:709–714CrossRef

35.

Hwang CJ, Cha JY (2003) Mechanical and biological comparison of latex and silicone rubber bands. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 124:379–386PubMedCrossRef

36.

Oliveira PLE, Matsumoto MAN, Faria G, Romano FL (2017) Degradation and deformation of latex and non-latex orthodontic elastics. Aust Orthod J 33:86–94

37.

Topouzelis N, Palaska KP (2009) A review of the clinical applications of elastic tractions in orthodontics. World J Orthod 10:e12–e18PubMed

38.

El-Bokle D, Abbas NH (2020) A novel method for the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 158:599–611PubMedCrossRef

39.

Williams PB, Halsey JF (1997) Endotoxin as a factor in adverse reactions to latex gloves. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 79:303–310PubMedCrossRef

40.

Martínez-Colomer S, Gaton-Hernández P, Romano FL, De Rossi A, Fukada SY, Nelson-Filho P, Consolaro A, Silva RA, Silva LA (2016) Latex and nonlatex orthodontic elastics: In vitro and in vivo evaluations of tissue compatibility and surface structure. Angle Orthod 86:278–284PubMedCrossRef

41.

Magno AFF, Enoki C, Ito IY, Matsumoto MAN, Faria G, Nelson-Filho P (2008) In-vivo evaluation of the contamination of super slick elastomeric rings by streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 133:S104–S109PubMedCrossRef

42.

Migliorati M, Isaia L, Cassaro A, Rivetti A, Silvestrini-Biavati F, Gastaldo L, Piccardo I, Dalessandri D, Silvestrini-Biavati A (2015) Efficacy of professional hygiene and prophylaxis on preventing plaque increase in orthodontic patients with multibracket appliances: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 37:297–307PubMedCrossRef

43.

Vieira CIV, de Oliveira ICB, Ribeiro IAA, Caldas SGFR, Martins LP, Gandini LG Jr, dos Santos-Pinto A (2013) In vitro comparison of the force degradation of orthodontic intraoral elastics from different compositions. RSBO 10:40–48CrossRef

44.

Notaroberto DFC, Martins MME, Goldner MTA, Mendes AM, Quintão CCA (2018) Force decay evaluation of latex and non-latex orthodontic intraoral elastics: in vivo study. Dental Press J Orthod 23:42–47PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

45.

Kanchana P, Godfrey K (2000) Calibration of force extension and force degradation characteristics of orthodontic latex elastics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 118:280–287PubMedCrossRef

46.

Alavi S, Tabatabaie AR, Hajizadeh F, Ardekani AH (2014) An in-vitro comparison of force loss of orthodontic non-latex elastics. J Dent 11:10–16

47.

Pithon MM, Mendes JL, da Silva CA, Lacerda Dos SR, Coqueiro RD (2016) Force decay of latex and non-latex intermaxillary elastics: a clinical study. Eur J Orthod 38:39–43PubMedCrossRef

48.

Bertoncini C, Cioni E, Grampi B, Gandini P (2006) In vitro properties’ changes of latex and non-latex orthodontic elastics. Prog Orthod 7:76–84PubMed

Title: In vitro study of structural and mechanical properties of latex and non-latex intermaxillary orthodontic elastics
Authors: Dr. Marília Pacífico Lucisano
Mónica Verónica Escalante Romero
Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni
Fábio Lourenço Romano
Paulo Nelson-Filho
Publication date: 20-04-2022
Publisher: Springer Medizin
Published in: Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie / Issue Special Issue 2/2023
Print ISSN: 1434-5293
Electronic ISSN: 1615-6714
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-022-00395-6

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

In vitro study of structural and mechanical properties of latex and non-latex intermaxillary orthodontic elastics

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Special Issue 2/2023

Effects of miniscrew-facilitated micro-osteoperforations on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement

Periodontal health of unilateral labially vs. palatally impacted maxillary canines erupted by closed eruption technique

Friction and archwire engagement in contemporary self-ligating appliance systems

Effectiveness of surface treatment on bond strength of ceramic brackets to two types of CAD/CAM-prepared nanohybrid composites

Skeletal maturation in different anteroposterior and vertical skeletal growth patterns in female subjects

Relationship between craniofacial and dental arch morphology with pharyngeal airway space in adolescents