Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Public Health 4/2012

01-08-2012 | Original Article

Migration and depressive symptoms in migrant-sending areas: findings from the survey of internal migration and health in China

Authors: Yao Lu, Peifeng Hu, Donald J. Treiman

Published in: International Journal of Public Health | Issue 4/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Objectives

China has experienced large-scale internal migration and growing mental health disorders. Limited research has examined the relationship between the two processes. We examined the association between labor out-migration and depressive symptoms of family members left behind in migrant-sending areas.

Methods

We conducted a multistage probability sample survey of Chinese adults in 2008 (“Internal Migration and Health in China”), including 787 people in rural migrant-sending areas. To study whether adults in out-migrant households were more likely to experience depressive symptoms (CES-D) than were adults in non-migrant households, we used multivariate regressions and adjusted for a wide range of confounding factors and for the complex sampling design.

Results

Adults in households with labor out-migrants were more likely to report depressive symptoms than those in households without out-migrants, presumably a result of the absence of family members. However, monetary remittances from labor migrants buffered the mental health costs of out-migration.

Conclusions

Labor out-migration has important consequences for the mental health in migrant-sending communities. There is an urgent need to address the psychological costs of migration and to promote regular remittances.
Literature
go back to reference Abraído-Lanza AF, Chao MT, Flórez KR (2005) Do healthy behaviors decline with greater acculturation? Implications for the Latino mortality paradox. Soc Sci Med 61:1243–1255PubMedCrossRef Abraído-Lanza AF, Chao MT, Flórez KR (2005) Do healthy behaviors decline with greater acculturation? Implications for the Latino mortality paradox. Soc Sci Med 61:1243–1255PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Braman D (2004) Doing time on the outside: incarceration and family life in Urban America. University of Michigan Press Braman D (2004) Doing time on the outside: incarceration and family life in Urban America. University of Michigan Press
go back to reference Chan KW, Zhang L (1999) The hukou system and rural-urban migration in China: processes and changes. China Q 160:818–855PubMedCrossRef Chan KW, Zhang L (1999) The hukou system and rural-urban migration in China: processes and changes. China Q 160:818–855PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cohen S, Wills T (1985) Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull 98:310–357PubMedCrossRef Cohen S, Wills T (1985) Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull 98:310–357PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference He J, Gu D, Wu X, Reynolds K, Duan X, Yao C, Wang J, Chen CS, Chen J, Wildman RP, Klag MJ, Whelton PK (2005) Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med 353:1124–1134PubMedCrossRef He J, Gu D, Wu X, Reynolds K, Duan X, Yao C, Wang J, Chen CS, Chen J, Wildman RP, Klag MJ, Whelton PK (2005) Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med 353:1124–1134PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hilderbrandt N, McKenzie D (2005) The effect of migration on child health in Mexico. Economia 6:257–289 Hilderbrandt N, McKenzie D (2005) The effect of migration on child health in Mexico. Economia 6:257–289
go back to reference Hirsch JS, Higgins J, Bentley ME, Nathanson CA (2002) The social constructions of sexuality: marital infidelity and sexually transmitted disease–HIV risk in a Mexican migrant community. Am J Public Health 92:1227–1237PubMedCrossRef Hirsch JS, Higgins J, Bentley ME, Nathanson CA (2002) The social constructions of sexuality: marital infidelity and sexually transmitted disease–HIV risk in a Mexican migrant community. Am J Public Health 92:1227–1237PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2005) Internal migration and development: a global perspective. Migration Research Series 19. IOM Geneva, Switzerland International Organization for Migration (IOM) (2005) Internal migration and development: a global perspective. Migration Research Series 19. IOM Geneva, Switzerland
go back to reference Kahn RS, Wise PH, Kennedy BP, Kawachi I (2000) State income inequality, household income, and maternal mental and physical health: cross sectional national survey. Br Med J 321:1311–1315CrossRef Kahn RS, Wise PH, Kennedy BP, Kawachi I (2000) State income inequality, household income, and maternal mental and physical health: cross sectional national survey. Br Med J 321:1311–1315CrossRef
go back to reference Kelley ML, Hock E, Bonney JF, Jarvis MS, Smith KM, Gaffney MA (2001) Navy mothers experiencing and not experiencing deployment: reasons for staying in or leaving the military. Mil Psychol 13:55–71CrossRef Kelley ML, Hock E, Bonney JF, Jarvis MS, Smith KM, Gaffney MA (2001) Navy mothers experiencing and not experiencing deployment: reasons for staying in or leaving the military. Mil Psychol 13:55–71CrossRef
go back to reference Li Q, Mao X, Zhang T (2008) Migrant worker’s remittances: quantity and usage. China Rural Obs 3:2–12 Li Q, Mao X, Zhang T (2008) Migrant worker’s remittances: quantity and usage. China Rural Obs 3:2–12
go back to reference Lu Y (2010) Rural-urban migration and health: evidence from longitudinal data in Indonesia. Soc Sci Med 70:412–419PubMedCrossRef Lu Y (2010) Rural-urban migration and health: evidence from longitudinal data in Indonesia. Soc Sci Med 70:412–419PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Miller G (2006) Mental health in developing countries. The unseen: mental illness’s global toll. Science 311:458–461PubMedCrossRef Miller G (2006) Mental health in developing countries. The unseen: mental illness’s global toll. Science 311:458–461PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mino Y, Shigemi J, Otsu T, Ohta A, Tsuda T, Yasuda N, Babazono A, Yamamoto E (2001) Smoking and mental health: cross-sectional and cohort studies in an occupational setting in Japan. Prev Med 32:371–375PubMedCrossRef Mino Y, Shigemi J, Otsu T, Ohta A, Tsuda T, Yasuda N, Babazono A, Yamamoto E (2001) Smoking and mental health: cross-sectional and cohort studies in an occupational setting in Japan. Prev Med 32:371–375PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Murphy R (2002) How migrant labor is changing rural China. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef Murphy R (2002) How migrant labor is changing rural China. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef
go back to reference National Bureau of Statistics (China) (2008) Statistical Yearbook. National Bureau of Statistics National Bureau of Statistics (China) (2008) Statistical Yearbook. National Bureau of Statistics
go back to reference National Bureau of Statistics (China) (2011) Demographic statistics from the 2010 census National Bureau of Statistics (China) (2011) Demographic statistics from the 2010 census
go back to reference Radloff LS (1977) The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385–401CrossRef Radloff LS (1977) The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385–401CrossRef
go back to reference Richards M, Hardy R, Wadsworth M (1997) The effects of divorce and separation on mental health in a national UK birth cohort. Psychol Med 27:1121–1128PubMedCrossRef Richards M, Hardy R, Wadsworth M (1997) The effects of divorce and separation on mental health in a national UK birth cohort. Psychol Med 27:1121–1128PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Roberts KD (1997) China’s tidal wave of migrant labor: what can we learn from Mexican undocumented migration to the United States? Int Migr Rev 31:249–293PubMedCrossRef Roberts KD (1997) China’s tidal wave of migrant labor: what can we learn from Mexican undocumented migration to the United States? Int Migr Rev 31:249–293PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Roberts RE, Vernon SW (1984) The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: Its use in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry 140:41–46 Roberts RE, Vernon SW (1984) The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: Its use in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry 140:41–46
go back to reference Stark O, Bloom D (1985) The new economics of labor migration. Am Econ Rev 75:173–178 Stark O, Bloom D (1985) The new economics of labor migration. Am Econ Rev 75:173–178
go back to reference Sullivan LE, Fiellin DA, O’Connor PG (2005) The prevalence and impact of alcohol problems in major depression: a systematic review. Am J Med 118:330–341PubMedCrossRef Sullivan LE, Fiellin DA, O’Connor PG (2005) The prevalence and impact of alcohol problems in major depression: a systematic review. Am J Med 118:330–341PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Takeuchi DT, Alegría M, Jackson JS, Williams DR (2007) Immigration and mental health: diverse findings in Asian, Black, and Latino populations. Am J Public Health 97:11–12PubMedCrossRef Takeuchi DT, Alegría M, Jackson JS, Williams DR (2007) Immigration and mental health: diverse findings in Asian, Black, and Latino populations. Am J Public Health 97:11–12PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Taylor JE, Arango J, Hugo G, Kouaouci A, Massey DS, Pellegrino A (1996) International migration and community development. Popul Index 62:397–418CrossRef Taylor JE, Arango J, Hugo G, Kouaouci A, Massey DS, Pellegrino A (1996) International migration and community development. Popul Index 62:397–418CrossRef
go back to reference Wang X (1993) Rating scales for mental health (Chinese Journal of Mental Health Supplement). Chinese Association of Mental Health, Beijing Wang X (1993) Rating scales for mental health (Chinese Journal of Mental Health Supplement). Chinese Association of Mental Health, Beijing
go back to reference World Bank (2003) Workers remittances: an important and stable source of external development finance. World Bank, Washington, DC World Bank (2003) Workers remittances: an important and stable source of external development finance. World Bank, Washington, DC
go back to reference Zhang KH, Song SF (2003) Rural–urban migration and urbanization in China: evidence from time-series and cross-section analysis. China Econ Rev 14:386–400CrossRef Zhang KH, Song SF (2003) Rural–urban migration and urbanization in China: evidence from time-series and cross-section analysis. China Econ Rev 14:386–400CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Migration and depressive symptoms in migrant-sending areas: findings from the survey of internal migration and health in China
Authors
Yao Lu
Peifeng Hu
Donald J. Treiman
Publication date
01-08-2012
Publisher
SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel
Published in
International Journal of Public Health / Issue 4/2012
Print ISSN: 1661-8556
Electronic ISSN: 1661-8564
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-011-0314-0

Other articles of this Issue 4/2012

International Journal of Public Health 4/2012 Go to the issue