Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Public Health 5/2009

Open Access 01-10-2009 | Review

The costs of limited health literacy: a systematic review

Authors: Klaus Eichler, Simon Wieser, Urs Brügger

Published in: International Journal of Public Health | Issue 5/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

Objectives

To summarize evidence about (1) the costs of limited health literacy (HL) and (2) the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve limited HL.

Methods

We performed a systematic review searching electronic databases and additional information resources. We included observational studies and interventional studies with HL-outcomes. We included populations at high risk for low HL and patients with (1) diabetes mellitus or (2) hyperlipidemia.

Results

We retrieved 2,340 papers and included 10 studies for analysis. The prevalence of limited HL is considerable (range 34–59%). On the health system level, the additional costs of limited HL range from 3 to 5% of the total health care cost per year. On the patient level, the additional expenditures per year per person with limited HL compared to persons with adequate HL range from US $143 to 7,798. Data on the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve limited HL are scarce.

Conclusion

The costs of limited HL may be substantial, but few studies were retrieved and the results are heterogeneous.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Abel T (2008) Cultural capital and social inequality in health. J Epidemiol Commun H 62:e13CrossRef Abel T (2008) Cultural capital and social inequality in health. J Epidemiol Commun H 62:e13CrossRef
go back to reference Berkman ND, Dewalt DA, Pignone MP, Sheridan SL, Lohr KN, Lux L, Sutton SF, Swinson T, Bonito AJ (2004) Literacy and health outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ): 1–8 Berkman ND, Dewalt DA, Pignone MP, Sheridan SL, Lohr KN, Lux L, Sutton SF, Swinson T, Bonito AJ (2004) Literacy and health outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ): 1–8
go back to reference Brügger U, Federspiel B, Kreuzer E, Horisberger B (2004) Ökonomische Beurteilung von Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Winterthur Institute of Health Economics Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur Brügger U, Federspiel B, Kreuzer E, Horisberger B (2004) Ökonomische Beurteilung von Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Winterthur Institute of Health Economics Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur
go back to reference DeWalt DA, Berkman ND, Sheridan S, Lohr KN, Pignone MP (2004) Literacy and health outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. J Gen Intern Med 19:1228–1239CrossRefPubMed DeWalt DA, Berkman ND, Sheridan S, Lohr KN, Pignone MP (2004) Literacy and health outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. J Gen Intern Med 19:1228–1239CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Drummond M, Sculpher M, Torrance G, O’Brien B, Stoddart G (2005) Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford University Press, Oxford Drummond M, Sculpher M, Torrance G, O’Brien B, Stoddart G (2005) Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford University Press, Oxford
go back to reference Friedland R (1998) Understanding health literacy: new estimates of the high costs of inadequate health literacy. In: Congress of the U.S. (ed) The price we pay for illiteracy, Washington, DC, pp 57–91 Friedland R (1998) Understanding health literacy: new estimates of the high costs of inadequate health literacy. In: Congress of the U.S. (ed) The price we pay for illiteracy, Washington, DC, pp 57–91
go back to reference Gesundheitsförderung Schweiz (2007) Das Ergebnismodell im Überblick, vol 2007, Berne Gesundheitsförderung Schweiz (2007) Das Ergebnismodell im Überblick, vol 2007, Berne
go back to reference Howard DH, Gazmararian J, Parker RM (2005) The impact of low health literacy on the medical costs of Medicare managed care enrollees. Am J Med 118:371–377CrossRefPubMed Howard DH, Gazmararian J, Parker RM (2005) The impact of low health literacy on the medical costs of Medicare managed care enrollees. Am J Med 118:371–377CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kickbusch I, Wait S, Maag S (2006) Navigating health. The role of health literacy. Alliance for health and future. International Longevity Centre-UK, London Kickbusch I, Wait S, Maag S (2006) Navigating health. The role of health literacy. Alliance for health and future. International Longevity Centre-UK, London
go back to reference Kirsch I, Jungeblut A, Jenkins L, Kolstad A (1993) Adult literacy in America. A first look at the findings of the National Adult Literacy Survey. US Department of Education, Washington, DC Kirsch I, Jungeblut A, Jenkins L, Kolstad A (1993) Adult literacy in America. A first look at the findings of the National Adult Literacy Survey. US Department of Education, Washington, DC
go back to reference Kondilis BK, Soteriades ES, Falagas ME (2006) Health literacy research in Europe: a snapshot. Eur J Public Health 16:113CrossRefPubMed Kondilis BK, Soteriades ES, Falagas ME (2006) Health literacy research in Europe: a snapshot. Eur J Public Health 16:113CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kutner M, Greenberg E, Baer J (2005) A first look at the literacy of America’s adults in the 21st century. US National Center for Education Statistics, Washington, DC Kutner M, Greenberg E, Baer J (2005) A first look at the literacy of America’s adults in the 21st century. US National Center for Education Statistics, Washington, DC
go back to reference NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (2001) CRD’s guidance for those carrying out or commissioning reviews. University of York, York NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (2001) CRD’s guidance for those carrying out or commissioning reviews. University of York, York
go back to reference Nielsen-Bohlman L, Panzer AM, Hamlin B, Kindig DA (2004) Health literacy. A prescription to end confusion. In: Institute of Medicine (ed). Institue of Medicine, Washington, DC Nielsen-Bohlman L, Panzer AM, Hamlin B, Kindig DA (2004) Health literacy. A prescription to end confusion. In: Institute of Medicine (ed). Institue of Medicine, Washington, DC
go back to reference Norris SL, Engelgau MM, Narayan KM (2001) Effectiveness of self-management training in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 24:561–587CrossRefPubMed Norris SL, Engelgau MM, Narayan KM (2001) Effectiveness of self-management training in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 24:561–587CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Nutbeam D (2000) Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Prom Int 15:259CrossRef Nutbeam D (2000) Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Prom Int 15:259CrossRef
go back to reference OECD (2005) Learning a living. First results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills survey. OECD, Ottawa and Paris OECD (2005) Learning a living. First results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills survey. OECD, Ottawa and Paris
go back to reference Paasche-Orlow MK, Parker RM, Gazmararian JA, Nielsen-Bohlman LT, Rudd RR (2005) The prevalence of limited health literacy. J Gen Intern Med 20:175–184CrossRefPubMed Paasche-Orlow MK, Parker RM, Gazmararian JA, Nielsen-Bohlman LT, Rudd RR (2005) The prevalence of limited health literacy. J Gen Intern Med 20:175–184CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Parker RM, Ratzan SC, Lurie N (2003) Health literacy: a policy challenge for advancing high-quality health care. Health Aff (Millwood) 22:147–153CrossRef Parker RM, Ratzan SC, Lurie N (2003) Health literacy: a policy challenge for advancing high-quality health care. Health Aff (Millwood) 22:147–153CrossRef
go back to reference Pignone M, Saha S, Hoerger T, Lohr KN, Teutsch S, Mandelblatt J (2005) Challenges in systematic reviews of economic analyses. Ann Intern Med 142:1073–1079PubMed Pignone M, Saha S, Hoerger T, Lohr KN, Teutsch S, Mandelblatt J (2005) Challenges in systematic reviews of economic analyses. Ann Intern Med 142:1073–1079PubMed
go back to reference Rudd RR (2008) The health literacy environment of hospitals and health centres. National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy, Boston, MA Rudd RR (2008) The health literacy environment of hospitals and health centres. National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy, Boston, MA
go back to reference Rudd RR, Moeykens BA, Colton TC (1999) Health and literacy. A review of medical and public health literature. In: Comings JGB, Smith C (eds) Annual review of adult learning and literacy. Jossey-Bass, New York Rudd RR, Moeykens BA, Colton TC (1999) Health and literacy. A review of medical and public health literature. In: Comings JGB, Smith C (eds) Annual review of adult learning and literacy. Jossey-Bass, New York
go back to reference Rudd R, Kirsch I, Yamamoto K (2004) Literacy and health in America. Policy Information Report. Policy Information Center, Princeton, NJ Rudd R, Kirsch I, Yamamoto K (2004) Literacy and health in America. Policy Information Report. Policy Information Center, Princeton, NJ
go back to reference Rush B, Shiell A, Hawe P (2002) A census of economic evaluations of primary prevention interventions in population health. Department of Community Health Sciences and Centre for Health and Policy Studies, University of Calgary Rush B, Shiell A, Hawe P (2002) A census of economic evaluations of primary prevention interventions in population health. Department of Community Health Sciences and Centre for Health and Policy Studies, University of Calgary
go back to reference Sanders LM, Thompson VT, Wilkinson JD (2007) Caregiver health literacy and the use of child health services. Pediatrics 119:e86–e92CrossRefPubMed Sanders LM, Thompson VT, Wilkinson JD (2007) Caregiver health literacy and the use of child health services. Pediatrics 119:e86–e92CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Spycher S (2006) Ökonomische Aspekte der Gesundheitskompetenz. BASS, Büro für Arbeits- und Sozialpolitische Studien, Berne Spycher S (2006) Ökonomische Aspekte der Gesundheitskompetenz. BASS, Büro für Arbeits- und Sozialpolitische Studien, Berne
go back to reference Vernon J, Trujillo A, Rosenbaum S, DeBuono B (2007) Low health literacy: implications for national health policy. University of Connecticut. National Bureau of Economic Research, Storrs, CT Vernon J, Trujillo A, Rosenbaum S, DeBuono B (2007) Low health literacy: implications for national health policy. University of Connecticut. National Bureau of Economic Research, Storrs, CT
go back to reference Weiss BD, Palmer R (2004) Relationship between health care costs and very low literacy skills in a medically needy and indigent Medicaid population. J Am Board Fam Pract 17:44–47CrossRefPubMed Weiss BD, Palmer R (2004) Relationship between health care costs and very low literacy skills in a medically needy and indigent Medicaid population. J Am Board Fam Pract 17:44–47CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
The costs of limited health literacy: a systematic review
Authors
Klaus Eichler
Simon Wieser
Urs Brügger
Publication date
01-10-2009
Publisher
SP Birkhäuser Verlag Basel
Published in
International Journal of Public Health / Issue 5/2009
Print ISSN: 1661-8556
Electronic ISSN: 1661-8564
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-0058-2

Other articles of this Issue 5/2009

International Journal of Public Health 5/2009 Go to the issue

Speakers corner - Health in a troubled region

On approaching health in the Arab world