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Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1/2018

01-02-2018 | Review

Bordetella Pertussis virulence factors in the continuing evolution of whooping cough vaccines for improved performance

Authors: Dorji Dorji, Frits Mooi, Osvaldo Yantorno, Rajendar Deora, Ross M. Graham, Trilochan K. Mukkur

Published in: Medical Microbiology and Immunology | Issue 1/2018

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Abstract

Despite high vaccine coverage, whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis remains one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide. Introduction of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines in the 1940s and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in 1990s reduced the mortality due to pertussis. Despite induction of both antibody and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses by aP and wP vaccines, there has been resurgence of pertussis in many countries in recent years. Possible reasons hypothesised for resurgence have ranged from incompliance with the recommended vaccination programmes with the currently used aP vaccine to infection with a resurged clinical isolates characterised by mutations in the virulence factors, resulting in antigenic divergence with vaccine strain, and increased production of pertussis toxin, resulting in dampening of immune responses. While use of these vaccines provide varying degrees of protection against whooping cough, protection against infection and transmission appears to be less effective, warranting continuation of efforts in the development of an improved pertussis vaccine formulations capable of achieving this objective. Major approaches currently under evaluation for the development of an improved pertussis vaccine include identification of novel biofilm-associated antigens for incorporation in current aP vaccine formulations, development of live attenuated vaccines and discovery of novel non-toxic adjuvants capable of inducing both antibody and CMI. In this review, the potential roles of different accredited virulence factors, including novel biofilm-associated antigens, of B. pertussis in the evolution, formulation and delivery of improved pertussis vaccines, with potential to block the transmission of whooping cough in the community, are discussed.
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Metadata
Title
Bordetella Pertussis virulence factors in the continuing evolution of whooping cough vaccines for improved performance
Authors
Dorji Dorji
Frits Mooi
Osvaldo Yantorno
Rajendar Deora
Ross M. Graham
Trilochan K. Mukkur
Publication date
01-02-2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Medical Microbiology and Immunology / Issue 1/2018
Print ISSN: 0300-8584
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-017-0524-z

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