Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Clinical Pharmacokinetics 7/2019

Open Access 01-07-2019 | Levothyroxine | Letter to the Editor

Authors’ Reply to Castello-Bridoux et al.: “Comment on Levothyrox® New and Old Formulations: Are they Switchable for Millions of Patients?”

Authors: Didier Concordet, Peggy Gandia, Jean-Louis Montastruc, Alain Bousquet-Mélou, Peter Lees, Aude A. Ferran, Pierre-Louis Toutain

Published in: Clinical Pharmacokinetics | Issue 7/2019

Login to get access

Excerpt

We are pleased to respond to the letter of Munafo et al. [1] as follows: in our levothyroxine article [2], we concluded that “a statistical analysis conducted in the conceptual framework of individual bioequivalence would have enabled: (i) documentation of possible higher intra-individual variability for the new compared to the old formulation and, hence, possible reconsideration of development of this new formulation” and “(ii) consideration of a possible subject-by-formulation interaction, allowing both regulatory authorities and prescribing clinicians to be better placed to manage and systematically supervise all patients during transition from the old to the new formulation”. We are of the firm opinion that a fundamental responsibility of a drug company is to determine and report these two sources of biological variability, when, as is the case for levothyroxine (T4) [a drug having a Narrow Therapeutic Index (NTI)], a new formulation is imposed on millions of patients. …
Literature
3.
go back to reference Blakesley VA. Current methodology to assess bioequivalence of levothyroxine sodium products is inadequate. AAPS J. 2005;7:E42–6.CrossRef Blakesley VA. Current methodology to assess bioequivalence of levothyroxine sodium products is inadequate. AAPS J. 2005;7:E42–6.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Blakesley V, Awni W, Locke C, Ludden T, Granneman GR, Braverman LE. Are bioequivalence studies of levothyroxine sodium formulations in euthyroid volunteers reliable? Thyroid. 2004;14:191–200.CrossRef Blakesley V, Awni W, Locke C, Ludden T, Granneman GR, Braverman LE. Are bioequivalence studies of levothyroxine sodium formulations in euthyroid volunteers reliable? Thyroid. 2004;14:191–200.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Verbeeck RK, Musuamba FT. The revised EMA guideline for the investigation of bioequivalence for immediate release oral formulations with systemic action. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2012;15:376–88.CrossRef Verbeeck RK, Musuamba FT. The revised EMA guideline for the investigation of bioequivalence for immediate release oral formulations with systemic action. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2012;15:376–88.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Yu L, Jiang W, Zhang X, Lionberger R, Makhlouf F, Schuirmann D, et al. Novel bioequivalence approach for narrow therapeutic index drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015;97:286–91.CrossRef Yu L, Jiang W, Zhang X, Lionberger R, Makhlouf F, Schuirmann D, et al. Novel bioequivalence approach for narrow therapeutic index drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015;97:286–91.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Hauck WW, Hyslop T, Chen ML, Patnaik R, Williams RL. Subject-by-formulation interaction in bioequivalence: conceptual and statistical issues. FDA Population/Individual Bioequivalence Working Group. Food and Drug Administration. Pharm Res. 2000;17:375–80.CrossRef Hauck WW, Hyslop T, Chen ML, Patnaik R, Williams RL. Subject-by-formulation interaction in bioequivalence: conceptual and statistical issues. FDA Population/Individual Bioequivalence Working Group. Food and Drug Administration. Pharm Res. 2000;17:375–80.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Chen ML, Patnaik R, Hauck WW, Schuirmann DJ, Hyslop T, Williams R. An individual bioequivalence criterion: regulatory considerations. Stat Med. 2000;19:2821–42.CrossRef Chen ML, Patnaik R, Hauck WW, Schuirmann DJ, Hyslop T, Williams R. An individual bioequivalence criterion: regulatory considerations. Stat Med. 2000;19:2821–42.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Chen M-L, Sadrieh N, Yu L. Impact of osmotically active excipients on bioavailability and bioequivalence of BCS class III drugs. AAPS J. 2013;15:1043–50.CrossRef Chen M-L, Sadrieh N, Yu L. Impact of osmotically active excipients on bioavailability and bioequivalence of BCS class III drugs. AAPS J. 2013;15:1043–50.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Carswell JM, Gordon JH, Popovsky E, Hale A, Brown RS. Generic and brand-name L-thyroxine are not bioequivalent for children with severe congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:610–7.CrossRef Carswell JM, Gordon JH, Popovsky E, Hale A, Brown RS. Generic and brand-name L-thyroxine are not bioequivalent for children with severe congenital hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:610–7.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Seng Yue C, Benvenga S, Scarsi C, Loprete L, Ducharme MP. When bioequivalence in healthy volunteers may not translate to bioequivalence in patients: differential effects of increased gastric pH on the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine capsules and tablets. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;18:844–55.CrossRef Seng Yue C, Benvenga S, Scarsi C, Loprete L, Ducharme MP. When bioequivalence in healthy volunteers may not translate to bioequivalence in patients: differential effects of increased gastric pH on the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine capsules and tablets. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;18:844–55.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Authors’ Reply to Castello-Bridoux et al.: “Comment on Levothyrox® New and Old Formulations: Are they Switchable for Millions of Patients?”
Authors
Didier Concordet
Peggy Gandia
Jean-Louis Montastruc
Alain Bousquet-Mélou
Peter Lees
Aude A. Ferran
Pierre-Louis Toutain
Publication date
01-07-2019
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Keyword
Levothyroxine
Published in
Clinical Pharmacokinetics / Issue 7/2019
Print ISSN: 0312-5963
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1926
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-019-00786-w

Other articles of this Issue 7/2019

Clinical Pharmacokinetics 7/2019 Go to the issue