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BMC Oral Health

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Open Access 01-12-2023 | Leukoplakia | Research

The global prevalence of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review and meta-analysis from 1996 to 2022

Authors: Chang Zhang, Bingjie Li, Xiamei Zeng, XiaoSheng Hu, Hong Hua

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2023

Abstract

Background

Oral leukoplakia(OLK) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder. The global prevalence of solely OLK was published in 2003, while the prevalence varied among different studies. In recent years, large-scale summary and definition-related analyses obtain insufficient attention. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of prevalence studies of oral leukoplakia and assess predisposing factors of its occurrence.

Methods

The search terms ("Oral leukoplakia" OR OLK OR leukoplakia) AND (prevalence OR incidence OR epidemiology) were searched in databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) for OLK studies published from January 1996 until December 2022. The estimated prevalence calculation and risk of bias analysis used STATA 16.0.

Results

We obtained 69 studies, including 1,263,028 participants, from 28 countries, and 6 continents. The prevalence was 1.39%, varying from 0.12 to 33.33%. The overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLK was 2.23% for population-based studies, 1.36% for clinic-based population studies, and 9.10% for specific populations. The pooled prevalence in different continents ranged from 0.33 to 11.74% with a statistical difference in the population-based calculation. The estimated prevalence of OLK was higher in males than in females. Those who smoked and consumed alcohol had a higher prevalence than those who did not.

Conclusion

Combining data from 69 published studies, the prevalence of OLK was determined as 1.39% and the pooling estimated global prevalence was 3.41%. The prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across different continents and different definitions. A higher pooled estimated prevalence was found among males, those aged over 60 years old, smokers, and alcohol consumers. The results from the included studies in this systematic review revealed that the prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across various definitions and continents, which may help in developing global treatment and prevention strategies for oral leukoplakia.

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Title: The global prevalence of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review and meta-analysis from 1996 to 2022
Authors: Chang Zhang
Bingjie Li
Xiamei Zeng
XiaoSheng Hu
Hong Hua
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keyword: Leukoplakia
Published in: BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03342-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

The global prevalence of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review and meta-analysis from 1996 to 2022

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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