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Acta Neurochirurgica
Published in: Acta Neurochirurgica 3/2020

01-03-2020 | Laser | Original Article - Vascular Neurosurgery - Ischemia

Detection of spreading depolarizations in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in swine

Authors: Modar Kentar, Martina Mann, Felix Sahm, Arturo Olivares-Rivera, Renan Sanchez-Porras, Roland Zerelles, Oliver W. Sakowitz, Andreas W. Unterberg, Edgar Santos

Published in: Acta Neurochirurgica | Issue 3/2020

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Abstract

Background

The main objective of this study was to generate a hemodynamically stable swine model to detect spreading depolarizations (SDs) using electrocorticography (ECoG) and intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging and laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) after a 30-h middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (MCAo) in German Landrace Swine.

Methods

A total of 21 swine were used. The study comprised a training group (group 1, n = 7), a group that underwent bilateral craniectomy and MCAo (group 2, n = 10) and a group used for 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining (group 3, n = 5).

Results

In group 2, nine animals that underwent MCAo survived for 30 h, and one animal survived for 12 h. We detected MCA variants with 2 to 4 vessels. In all cases, all of the MCAs were occluded. The intensity changes exhibited by IOS and LSF after clipping were closely correlated and indicated a lower blood volume and reduced blood flow in the middle cerebral artery territory. Using IOS, we detected a mean of 2.37 ± (STD) 2.35 SDs/h. Using ECoG, we detected a mean of 0.29 ± (STD) 0.53 SDs/h. Infarctions were diagnosed using histological analysis. TTC staining in group 3 confirmed that the MCA territory was compromised and that the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries were preserved.

Conclusions

We confirm the reliability of performing live monitoring of cerebral infarctions using our MCAo protocol to detect SDs.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Detection of spreading depolarizations in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in swine
Authors
Modar Kentar
Martina Mann
Felix Sahm
Arturo Olivares-Rivera
Renan Sanchez-Porras
Roland Zerelles
Oliver W. Sakowitz
Andreas W. Unterberg
Edgar Santos
Publication date
01-03-2020
Publisher
Springer Vienna
Keyword
Laser
Published in
Acta Neurochirurgica / Issue 3/2020
Print ISSN: 0001-6268
Electronic ISSN: 0942-0940
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-019-04132-8

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