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European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
Published in: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 5/2022

09-01-2022 | Laparotomy | Original Article

Short and long-term impact of sarcopenia on outcomes from emergency laparotomy

Authors: Ahmed Barazanchi, Sameer Bhat, Cameron Iain Wells, Ashish Taneja, Andrew Donald MacCormick, Andrew Graham Hill

Published in: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery | Issue 5/2022

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Abstract

Purpose

Emergency laparotomy (EL) carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality, that is greater among older patients. Sarcopenia refers to an age- or pathology-associated muscle loss and has been demonstrated to correlate with poorer outcomes in several surgical conditions. This study assessed the impact of sarcopenia on morbidity and mortality in elderly patients undergoing EL.

Methods

Patients aged ≥ 65 years-old undergoing EL between May 2012-June 2017 with a pre-operative abdominal computerised tomography (CT) scan at Middlemore Hospital (New Zealand) were included. Psoas and Skeletal Muscle Index (PMI and SMI) were calculated from abdominal CT measurements after standardisation based on height. Validated cut-offs for sarcopenia were used. Frailty was estimated using the 11-point modified frailty index (mFI). The primary outcome was 30-day, 1-year, and 4-year post-operative mortality. Secondary outcomes included correlations between mFI and sarcopenic measures, unplanned readmissions, and post-operative complications.

Results

A total of 167 patients (84 sarcopenic; 83 non-sarcopenic) were included. Sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients had similar 30-day (14.2 vs. 12.0%; p = 0.84), 1-year (23.8 vs. 25.3%; p = 0.96), and 4-year (39.3 vs. 47.0%; p = 0.40) mortality rates following an EL. Survivors had a higher mean PMI at 1-year (p = 0.0078) and 4-year (p = 0.013) but not 30-day (p = 0.40) follow-up. Sarcopenia performed poorly in discriminating between 30-day (AUC 0.51) and 1-year (AUC 0.53) mortality. The mFI did not correlate with PMI (p = 0.85) nor SMI (p = 0.18). Rates of readmissions and post-operative complications did not differ between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic cohorts.

Conclusion

Sarcopenia does not provide useful short-term prognostic information in elderly EL patients.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Short and long-term impact of sarcopenia on outcomes from emergency laparotomy
Authors
Ahmed Barazanchi
Sameer Bhat
Cameron Iain Wells
Ashish Taneja
Andrew Donald MacCormick
Andrew Graham Hill
Publication date
09-01-2022
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery / Issue 5/2022
Print ISSN: 1863-9933
Electronic ISSN: 1863-9941
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-021-01833-7

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