Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Surgical Endoscopy 7/2007

01-07-2007

Laparoscopic sentinel node navigation achieved by infrared ray electronic endoscopy system in patients with gastric cancer

Authors: K. Ishikawa, K. Yasuda, A. Shiromizu, T. Etoh, N. Shiraishi, S. Kitano

Published in: Surgical Endoscopy | Issue 7/2007

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The sentinel node (SN) concept has attracted considerable attention recently for the treatment of patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). This study evaluated the feasibility of laparoscopic SN navigation achieved by means of an infrared ray electronic endoscopy (IREE) system with indocyanine green (ICG) injection in patients with EGC.

Methods

Laparoscopic SN navigation was performed for 16 patients with preoperatively diagnosed EGC. After identification of SNs, routine laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. Lymph nodes were examined histologically for metastasis by hematoxylin and eosin staining on one section of each node.

Results

One or more SNs and lymphatic basins were detected in all 16 patients. The average number of SNs detected was 2.9. Lymph node metastasis was found in 2 of the 16 patients (13%). In one of these two patients, lymph node metastasis was found in SNs. In the other patient, metastasis was found in a non-SN rather than a SN, but in the same lymphatic basin. The accuracy of this detection method was 94%, and there was one false-negative case. No adverse events occurred after injection of ICG.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic SN navigation by means of IREE combined with ICG injection is feasible for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for EGC.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ajisaka H, Miwa K (2003) Micrometastases in sentinel nodes of gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 89: 676–680PubMedCrossRef Ajisaka H, Miwa K (2003) Micrometastases in sentinel nodes of gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 89: 676–680PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Carlini M, Carboni F, Petric M, Santoro R, Guadagni F, Marandino F, Castelli M, Santoro E (2002) Sentinel node in gastric cancer surgery. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 21: 469–473PubMed Carlini M, Carboni F, Petric M, Santoro R, Guadagni F, Marandino F, Castelli M, Santoro E (2002) Sentinel node in gastric cancer surgery. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 21: 469–473PubMed
4.
go back to reference Cox CE, Salud CJ, Cantor A, Bass SS, Peltz ES, Ebert MD, Nguyen K, Reintgen DS (2001) Learning curves for breast cancer sentinel lymph node mapping based on surgical volume analysis. J Am Coll Surg 193: 593–600PubMedCrossRef Cox CE, Salud CJ, Cantor A, Bass SS, Peltz ES, Ebert MD, Nguyen K, Reintgen DS (2001) Learning curves for breast cancer sentinel lymph node mapping based on surgical volume analysis. J Am Coll Surg 193: 593–600PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Furukawa H, Hiratsuka M, Imaoka S, Ishikawa O, Kabuto T, Sasaki Y, Kameyama M, Ohigashi H, Nakano H, Yasuda T, Murata K (1999) Phase II study of limited surgery for early gastric cancer: segmental gastric resection. Ann Surg Oncol 6: 166–170PubMedCrossRef Furukawa H, Hiratsuka M, Imaoka S, Ishikawa O, Kabuto T, Sasaki Y, Kameyama M, Ohigashi H, Nakano H, Yasuda T, Murata K (1999) Phase II study of limited surgery for early gastric cancer: segmental gastric resection. Ann Surg Oncol 6: 166–170PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Gotoda T, Yanagisawa A, Sasako M, Ono H, Nakanishi Y, Shimoda T, Kato Y (2000) Incidence of lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: estimation with a large number of cases at two large centers. Gastric Cancer 3: 219–225PubMedCrossRef Gotoda T, Yanagisawa A, Sasako M, Ono H, Nakanishi Y, Shimoda T, Kato Y (2000) Incidence of lymph node metastasis from early gastric cancer: estimation with a large number of cases at two large centers. Gastric Cancer 3: 219–225PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Hiratsuka M, Miyashiro I, Ishikawa O, Furukawa H, Motomura K, Ohigashi H, Kameyama M, Sasaki Y, Kabuto T, Ishiguro S, Imaoka S, Koyama H (2001) Application of sentinel node biopsy to gastric cancer surgery. Surgery 129: 335–340PubMedCrossRef Hiratsuka M, Miyashiro I, Ishikawa O, Furukawa H, Motomura K, Ohigashi H, Kameyama M, Sasaki Y, Kabuto T, Ishiguro S, Imaoka S, Koyama H (2001) Application of sentinel node biopsy to gastric cancer surgery. Surgery 129: 335–340PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Isozaki H, Okajima K, Momura E, Ichinona T, Fujii K, Izumi N, Takeda Y (1996) Postoperative evaluation of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Br J Surg 83: 266–269PubMedCrossRef Isozaki H, Okajima K, Momura E, Ichinona T, Fujii K, Izumi N, Takeda Y (1996) Postoperative evaluation of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Br J Surg 83: 266–269PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (1998) Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma. 2nd English ed. Gastric Cancer 1: 10–24PubMedCrossRef Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (1998) Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma. 2nd English ed. Gastric Cancer 1: 10–24PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Kitagawa Y, Fujii H, Kumai K, Kubota T, Otani Y, Saikawa Y, Yoshida M, Kubo A, Kitajima M (2005) Recent advances in sentinel node navigation for gastric cancer: a paradigm shift of surgical management. J Surg Oncol 90: 147–151PubMedCrossRef Kitagawa Y, Fujii H, Kumai K, Kubota T, Otani Y, Saikawa Y, Yoshida M, Kubo A, Kitajima M (2005) Recent advances in sentinel node navigation for gastric cancer: a paradigm shift of surgical management. J Surg Oncol 90: 147–151PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Kitano S, Iso Y, Moriyama M, Sugimachi K (1994) Laparoscopy-assisted Billroth I gastrectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 4: 146–148PubMed Kitano S, Iso Y, Moriyama M, Sugimachi K (1994) Laparoscopy-assisted Billroth I gastrectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 4: 146–148PubMed
12.
go back to reference Lee JH, Ryu KW, Kim CG, Kim SK, Choi IJ, Kim YW, Chang HJ, Bae JM, Hong EK (2005) Comparative study of the subserosal versus submucosal dye injection method for sentinel node biopsy in gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 31: 965–968PubMedCrossRef Lee JH, Ryu KW, Kim CG, Kim SK, Choi IJ, Kim YW, Chang HJ, Bae JM, Hong EK (2005) Comparative study of the subserosal versus submucosal dye injection method for sentinel node biopsy in gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 31: 965–968PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Miwa K, Kinami S, Taniguchi K, Fushida S, Fujimura T, Nonomura A (2003) Mapping sentinel nodes in patients with early-stage gastric carcinoma. Br J Surg 90: 178–182PubMedCrossRef Miwa K, Kinami S, Taniguchi K, Fushida S, Fujimura T, Nonomura A (2003) Mapping sentinel nodes in patients with early-stage gastric carcinoma. Br J Surg 90: 178–182PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Narimiya N, Nimura H, Fujisaki J, Arakawa H, Isshi K, Tajiri H (2003) Observation of sentinel lymph nodes using an infrared ray electronic endoscopic system (in Japanese with English abstract). Gastroenterol Endosc 45: 2338–2345 Narimiya N, Nimura H, Fujisaki J, Arakawa H, Isshi K, Tajiri H (2003) Observation of sentinel lymph nodes using an infrared ray electronic endoscopic system (in Japanese with English abstract). Gastroenterol Endosc 45: 2338–2345
15.
go back to reference Nimura H, Narimiya N, Mitsumori N, Yamazaki Y, Yanaga K, Urashima M (2004) Infrared ray electronic endoscopy combined with indocyanine green injection for detection of sentinel nodes of patients with gastric cancer. Br J Surg 91: 575–579PubMedCrossRef Nimura H, Narimiya N, Mitsumori N, Yamazaki Y, Yanaga K, Urashima M (2004) Infrared ray electronic endoscopy combined with indocyanine green injection for detection of sentinel nodes of patients with gastric cancer. Br J Surg 91: 575–579PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Ohgami M, Otani Y, Kumai K, Kubota T, Kim YI, Kitajima M (1999) Curative laparoscopic surgery for early gastric cancer: five years experience. World J Surg 23: 187–192PubMedCrossRef Ohgami M, Otani Y, Kumai K, Kubota T, Kim YI, Kitajima M (1999) Curative laparoscopic surgery for early gastric cancer: five years experience. World J Surg 23: 187–192PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Otani Y, Furukawa T, Kitagawa Y, Yoshida M, Saikawa Y, Kubota T, Kumai K, Matsui H, Kitajima M (2004) New method of laparoscopy-assisted function-preserving surgery for early gastric cancer: vagus-sparing segmental gastrectomy under sentinel node navigation. J Am Coll Surg 198: 1026–1031PubMedCrossRef Otani Y, Furukawa T, Kitagawa Y, Yoshida M, Saikawa Y, Kubota T, Kumai K, Matsui H, Kitajima M (2004) New method of laparoscopy-assisted function-preserving surgery for early gastric cancer: vagus-sparing segmental gastrectomy under sentinel node navigation. J Am Coll Surg 198: 1026–1031PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Sawai K, Takahashi T, Fujioka T, Minato H, Taniguchi H, Yamaguchi T (1995) Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection based on anatomical variations of the infrapyloric artery. Am J Surg 170: 285–288PubMedCrossRef Sawai K, Takahashi T, Fujioka T, Minato H, Taniguchi H, Yamaguchi T (1995) Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection based on anatomical variations of the infrapyloric artery. Am J Surg 170: 285–288PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Shiraishi N, Adachi Y, Kitano S, Bandoh T, Katsuta T, Morimoto A (1999) Indication for and outcome of laparoscopy-assisted Billroth I gastrectomy. Br J Surg 86: 541–544PubMedCrossRef Shiraishi N, Adachi Y, Kitano S, Bandoh T, Katsuta T, Morimoto A (1999) Indication for and outcome of laparoscopy-assisted Billroth I gastrectomy. Br J Surg 86: 541–544PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Siewert JR, Sendler A (2000) Potential and futility of sentinel node detection for gastric cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 157: 259–269PubMed Siewert JR, Sendler A (2000) Potential and futility of sentinel node detection for gastric cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 157: 259–269PubMed
21.
go back to reference Soetikno R, Kaltenbach T, Yeh R, Gotoda T (2005) Endoscopic mucosal resection for early cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Oncol 23: 4490–4498PubMedCrossRef Soetikno R, Kaltenbach T, Yeh R, Gotoda T (2005) Endoscopic mucosal resection for early cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Oncol 23: 4490–4498PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Tonouchi H, Mohri Y, Tanaka K, Kobayashi M, Ohmori Y, Kusunoki M (2005) Laparoscopic lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsies for early-stage gastric cancer: the cause of false negativity. World J Surg 29: 418–421PubMedCrossRef Tonouchi H, Mohri Y, Tanaka K, Kobayashi M, Ohmori Y, Kusunoki M (2005) Laparoscopic lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsies for early-stage gastric cancer: the cause of false negativity. World J Surg 29: 418–421PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Weinberg J, Greaney EM (1950) Identification of regional lymph nodes by means of a vital staining dye during surgery of gastric cancer. Surg Gynecol Obstet 90: 561–567PubMed Weinberg J, Greaney EM (1950) Identification of regional lymph nodes by means of a vital staining dye during surgery of gastric cancer. Surg Gynecol Obstet 90: 561–567PubMed
Metadata
Title
Laparoscopic sentinel node navigation achieved by infrared ray electronic endoscopy system in patients with gastric cancer
Authors
K. Ishikawa
K. Yasuda
A. Shiromizu
T. Etoh
N. Shiraishi
S. Kitano
Publication date
01-07-2007
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Surgical Endoscopy / Issue 7/2007
Print ISSN: 0930-2794
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-006-9062-2

Other articles of this Issue 7/2007

Surgical Endoscopy 7/2007 Go to the issue