Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Research

Knowledge assessment on cleft lip and palate among recently graduated dentists: a cross-sectional study

Authors: Bahn Agha, Narmin Mohammed Saeed Helal, Thaer Jaber Al-Khafaji, Ghada Abdullah Farie, Osama Basri, Padhraig S. Fleming

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2023

Abstract

Background

The complex presentation, associated co-morbidities and multi-disciplinary requirements dictate the requirement for in-depth knowledge in order to effectively manage patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). We aimed to develop a validated questionnaire for cleft lip and palate knowledge assessment and to evaluate the knowledge of cleft lip and palate among a group of recently-graduated dentists.

Materials and methods

A multiple-site, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted. The study population included recently graduated dentists involved in a dental internship program. A bespoke questionnaire was developed and validated, with internal consistency assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and factor analysis performed. A 47-item prototype was distilled into a 15-item questionnaire. This was distributed to the participants with a response rate of 67% obtained.

Results

The overall proportion of correct responses among dental interns was moderate (73%). The best results were found in relation to CLP treatment including the effect of unfavorable surgical outcomes on speech (89.5%) and the impact of CLP on the occlusion (87.6%). The lowest rate of correct responses (26.7%) was identified in relation to the association between CLP and smoking.

Conclusion

A validated CLP questionnaire was developed, permitting evaluation of the knowledge of cleft lip and palate and its management among recently graduated dentists. There is limited appreciation among dental interns of the risk factors for CLP as well as post-surgical complications. Given that general dentists are often the gatekeepers for the management of patients with cleft lip and palate, it is important that the findings of this survey are used to inform the curriculum and teaching of cleft lip and palate.

Available only for authorised users

Zhu Y, Miao H, Zeng Q, Li B, Wang D, Yu X, Wu H, Chen Y, Guo P, Liu F. Prevalence of cleft lip and/or cleft palate in Guangdong province, China, 2015–2018: a spatio-temporal descriptive analysis. BMJ open. 2021;11:e046430. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046430.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dixon MJ, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Murray JC. Cleft lip and palate: understanding genetic and environmental influences. Nat Rev Genet. 2011;12:167–78. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2933.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Leslie EJ, Marazita ML. Genetics of cleft lip and cleft palate. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2013;163:246–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31381.CrossRefPubMedCentral

Mossey PA, Little J, Munger RG, Dixon MJ, Shaw WC. Cleft lip and palate. Lancet. 2009;374:1773–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60695-4.CrossRefPubMed

Deshpande AS, Goudy SL. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cleft palate development. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2018;4:160–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.214.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Al-Balkhi KM. The distribution and classification of clefts in patients attending a cleft lip and palate clinic in riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2008;29(5):739–42.PubMed

Martelli DRB, Machado RA, Swerts MSO, Rodrigues LAM, de Aquino SN, Júnior HM. Non syndromic cleft lip and palate: relationship between sex and clinical extension. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;78:116–20. https://doi.org/10.5935/1808-8694.20120018.CrossRefPubMed

Sabbagh HJ, Innes NP, Sallout BI, Alamoudi NM, Hamdan MA, Alhamlan N, Al-Khozami AI, Abdulhameed FD, Al-Aama JY, Mossey PA. Birth prevalence of non-syndromic orofacial clefts in Saudi Arabia and the effects of parental consanguinity. Saudi Med J. 2015;36:1076. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.9.11823.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Salari N, Darvishi N, Heydari M, Bokaee S, Darvishi F, Mohammadi M. Global prevalence of cleft palate, cleft lip and cleft palate and lip: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022;123:110–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2021.05.008.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Gallagher N. A general dental practitioner’s role in treating patients with a cleft lip and/or palate. Br Dent J. 2020;228:19–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-019-1116-7.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Dudding T, Martin S, Popat S. An introduction to the UK care pathway for children born with a cleft of the lip and/or palate. Br Dent J. 2023;234:943–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-023-5998-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Smallridge J, Hall AJ, Chorbachi R, et al. Functional outcomes in the Cleft Care UK study – part 3: oral health and audiology. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2015;18:25–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12110.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

13.

Al-Ghatam R, Jones TE, Ireland AJ, et al. Structural outcomes in the Cleft Care UK study. Part 2: dento-facial outcomes. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2015;18:14–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12109.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

14.

Sell D, Mildinhall S, Albery L, Wills AK, Sandy JR, Ness AR. The Cleft Care UK study. Part 4: perceptual speech outcomes. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2015;18:36–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12112.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

Waylen A, Ness AR, Wills AK, Persson M, Rumsey N, Sandy JR. Cleft care UK study. Part 5: child psychosocial outcomes and satisfaction with cleft services. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2015;18:47–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12113.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Mossey PA. Global perspectives in orofacial cleft management and research. Br Dent J. 2023;234:953–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-023-5993-4.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Wornom IL, Will LA, Burdi AR, Berkowitz S, Breen ML, Clarke-Sheehan N, Curtin VM, D’Antonio LL, Friedman CD, Gleason AT, Huebener DV. Core curriculum for cleft lip/palate and other craniofacial anomalies: a guide for educators. In Cleft lip and palate 2006 (pp. 285–300). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

18.

Baigorri M, Crowley C, Sommer C. Addressing the gap in education for cleft palate: a module training series for craniofacial assessment and treatment. Perspect. ASHA Special Interest Groups. 2020;5:662–8. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_PERSP-19-00138.CrossRef

19.

Emeka CI, Adeyemo WL, Ladeinde AL, Butali A. A comparative study of quality of life of families with children born with cleft lip and/or palate before and after surgical treatment. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;43:247. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.4.247.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

Sohan K, Freer M, Mercer N, Soothill P, Kyle P. Prenatal detection of facial clefts. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2001;16:196–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000053908.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Norcini JJ. ABC of learning and teaching in medicine. Work Based Assessment BMJ. 2003;326:753–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7392.753.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Wei Y, McGrath PJ, Hayden J, Kutcher S. Measurement properties of tools measuring mental health knowledge: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1012-5.CrossRef

23.

Story DA, Tait AR. Survey research. Anesthesiology. 2019;130:192–202. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002436.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Polit DF, Beck CT. The content validity index: are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2006;29:489–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20147.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nurs Res. 1986;35:382–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017.CrossRefPubMed

26.

Boateng GO, Neilands TB, Frongillo EA, Melgar-Quiñonez HR, Young SL. Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Front Public Health. 2018;6:149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Alzahrani SS, Soo Park Y, Tekian A. Study habits and academic achievement among medical students: a comparison between male and female subjects. Med Teach. 2018;40(Supp1):1–S9. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1464650.CrossRef

28.

Aluja-Fabregat A, Blanch A. Socialized personality, scholastic aptitudes, study habits, and academic achievement: exploring the link. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2004;20:157–65. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.20.3.157.CrossRef

29.

Al-Kharboush GH, Al-Balkhi KM, Al-Moammar K. The prevalence of specific dental anomalies in a group of saudi cleft lip and palate patients. Saudi Dent J. 2015;27:75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2014.11.007.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

30.

Giaquinto-Cilliers M, Potgieter MD, Links D, Van Schalkwyk G. Cleft lip and palate malformations: essential knowledge for the general practitioner. S Afr Fam Pract. 2013;55:533–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2013.10874413.CrossRef

31.

Thistlethwaite JE, Davies D, Ekeocha S, Kidd JM, MacDougall C, Matthews P, Purkis J, Clay D. The effectiveness of case-based learning in health professional education. A beme systematic review: BEME guide No. 23. Med Teach. 2012;34:e421–44. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.680939.CrossRefPubMed

32.

Akcam MO, Evirgen S, Uslu O, Memikoğlu UT. Dental anomalies in individuals with cleft lip and/or palate. Eur J of Orthod. 2010;32:207–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjp156.CrossRef

33.

Gani B, Kinshuck A, Sharma R. A review of hearing loss in cleft palate patients. Int J Otolaryngol. 2012;548698:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/548698.CrossRef

34.

Shkoukani MA, Chen M, Vong A. Cleft lip–a comprehensive review. Front Pediatr. 2013;1:53. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2013.00053.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Klintö K, Sporre M, Becker M. Speech in a consecutive series of children born with cleft lip and palate with and without syndromes and/or additional malformations. BMC Pediatr. 2021;21:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02783-0.CrossRef

36.

Vallino LD, Lass NJ, Pannbacker M, Klaiman PG, Miller P. Medical students’ knowledge of and exposure to cleft palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1992;29:275–8. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1992_029_0275_mskoae_2.3.co_2.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Palee P, Wongta N, Khwanngern K, Jitmun W, Choosri N. Serious game for teaching undergraduate medical students in cleft lip and palate treatment protocol. Int J Med Inform. 2020;141:104166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104166.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Akl EA, Pretorius RW, Sackett K, Erdley WS, Bhoopathi PS, Alfarah Z, Schünemann HJ. The effect of educational games on medical students’ learning outcomes: a systematic review: BEME guide no 14. Med Teach. 2010;32:16–27. https://doi.org/10.3109/01421590903473969.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Burgess A, van Diggele C, Roberts C, Mellis C. Key tips for teaching in the clinical setting. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02283-2.CrossRef

40.

Uoshima K, Akiba N, Nagasawa M. Technical skill training and assessment in dental education. Jpn Dent Sci Rev;57:160–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.08.004.

41.

Burgess A, McGregor D. Peer teacher training for health professional students: a systematic review of formal programs. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1356-2.CrossRef

42.

Sweet J, Wilson J, Pugsley L. Chairside teaching and the perceptions of dental teachers in the UK. Br Dent J. 2008;205:565–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.983.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Lie RT, Wilcox AJ, Taylor J, Gjessing HK, Saugstad OD, Aabyholm F, Vindenes H. Maternal smoking and oral clefts: the role of detoxification pathway genes. Epidemiology. 2008;19:606. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181690731.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

44.

Wilcox AJ, Lie RT, Solvoll K, Taylor J, McConnaughey DR, Åbyholm F, Vindenes H, Vollset SE, Drevon CA. Folic acid supplements and risk of facial clefts: national population based case-control study. BMJ. 2007;334:464. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39079.618287.0B.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

Alnujaim NH, Albedaie ES, Alyahya LS, Adosary MA, Alotaibi FF, Alnujaim MH, Mahmod S. Awareness, knowledge and attitudes of saudi pregnant women towards cleft lip and palate. Curr Pediatr Res. 2017;21:595–603.

46.

Khouri JS, McCheyne MJ, Morrison CS. # cleft: the use of social media amongst parents of infants with clefts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2018;55:974–6. https://doi.org/10.1597/16-156.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Knowledge assessment on cleft lip and palate among recently graduated dentists: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bahn Agha
Narmin Mohammed Saeed Helal
Thaer Jaber Al-Khafaji
Ghada Abdullah Farie
Osama Basri
Padhraig S. Fleming
Publication date: 01-12-2023
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03388-y

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Knowledge assessment on cleft lip and palate among recently graduated dentists: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

Oral Complications related to tropical infectious Diseases: an introduction and analysis of survey data

Copper ions inhibit Streptococcus mutans–Veillonella parvula dual biofilm by activating Streptococcus mutans reactive nitrogen species

Non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis with and without erythritol air-polishing a 12-month randomized controlled trial

Antimicrobial efficacy of self-locomotive manganese oxide nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler on orthodontic brackets in vitro

Effect of systemic antiresorptive medication on the histopathological parameters of implant osseointegration in an in vivo rodent study

A comparative study of CAD/CAM fabricated polyether ether ketone and fiber-glass reinforcement composites versus metal lingual retainers under vertical load (an in vitro study)