Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2015 | Review

Kidney disease as a determinant of cognitive decline and dementia

Author: Thorleif Etgen

Published in: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy | Issue 1/2015

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has evolved as a possible new determinant of cognitive decline and dementia. This review outlines the presumed pathophysiology of cognitive decline in CKD, which consists of traditional and new vascular risk factors as well as nonvascular risk factors and metabolic and biochemical abnormalities within the central nervous system caused by CKD. The recent major cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies – including one meta-analysis – that mostly suggest an association of cognitive decline and CKD are discussed. Finally, potential therapeutic strategies are presented.

Norton S, Matthews FE, Barnes DE, Yaffe K, Brayne C. Potential for primary prevention of Alzheimer's disease: an analysis of population-based data. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:788–94.CrossRefPubMed

Petersen RC. Clinical practice. Mild cognitive impairment. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:2227–34.CrossRefPubMed

Etgen T, Sander D, Bickel H, Förstl H. Mild cognitive impairment and dementia: the importance of modifiable risk factors. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011;108:743–50.PubMedCentralPubMed

Madero M, Gul A, Sarnak MJ. Cognitive function in chronic kidney disease. Semin Dial. 2008;21:29–37.CrossRefPubMed

Etgen T, Bickel H, Förstl H. Metabolic and endocrine factors in mild cognitive impairment. Ageing Res Rev. 2010;9:280–8.CrossRefPubMed

O'Rourke MF, Safar ME. Relationship between aortic stiffening and microvascular disease in brain and kidney: cause and logic of therapy. Hypertension. 2005;46:200–4.CrossRefPubMed

Toyoda K, Ninomiya T. Stroke and cerebrovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:823–33.CrossRefPubMed

Miwa K, Tanaka M, Okazaki S, Furukado S, Yagita Y, Sakaguchi M, et al. Chronic kidney disease is associated with dementia independent of cerebral small-vessel disease. Neurology. 2014;82:1051–7.CrossRefPubMed

Hassan A, Hunt BJ, O'Sullivan M, Bell R, D'Souza R, Jeffery S, et al. Homocysteine is a risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease, acting via endothelial dysfunction. Brain. 2004;127:212–9.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Bugnicourt JM, Godefroy O, Chillon JM, Choukroun G, Massy ZA. Cognitive disorders and dementia in CKD: the neglected kidney–brain axis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24:353–63.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Stivelman JC. Benefits of anaemia treatment on cognitive function. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2000;15 Suppl 3:29–35.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Iliescu EA, Coo H, McMurray MH, Meers CL, Quinn MM, Singer MA, et al. Quality of sleep and health-related quality of life in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18:126–32.CrossRefPubMed

13.

Smogorzewski MJ. Central nervous dysfunction in uremia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38:S122–8.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Biasioli S, D'Andrea G, Feriani M, Chiaramonte S, Fabris A, Ronco C, et al. Uremic encephalopathy: an updating. Clin Nephrol. 1986;25:57–63.PubMed

15.

De Deyn PP, Vanholder R, Eloot S, Glorieux G. Guanidino compounds as uremic (neuro)toxins. Semin Dial. 2009;22:340–5.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Kurella M, Yaffe K, Shlipak MG, Wenger NK, Chertow GM. Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment in menopausal women. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005;45:66–76.CrossRefPubMed

17.

Hailpern SM, Melamed ML, Cohen HW, Hostetter TH. Moderate chronic kidney disease and cognitive function in adults 20 to 59 years of age: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18:2205–13.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Kurella Tamura M, Wadley V, Yaffe K, McClure LA, Howard G, Go R, et al. Kidney function and cognitive impairment in US adults: the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;52:227–34.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

19.

Elias MF, Elias PK, Seliger SL, Narsipur SS, Dore GA, Robbins MA. Chronic kidney disease, creatinine and cognitive functioning. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24:2446–52.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

20.

Yaffe K, Ackerson L, Kurella Tamura M, Le Blanc P, Kusek JW, Sehgal AR, et al. Chronic kidney disease and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the chronic renal insufficiency cohort cognitive study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:338–45.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

21.

Kurella Tamura M, Xie D, Yaffe K, Cohen DL, Teal V, Kasner SE, et al. Vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6:248–56.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

22.

Seliger SL, Siscovick DS, Stehman-Breen CO, Gillen DL, Fitzpatrick A, Bleyer A, et al. Moderate renal impairment and risk of dementia among older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:1904–11.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Kurella M, Chertow GM, Fried LF, Cummings SR, Harris T, Simonsick E, et al. Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment in the elderly: the health, aging, and body composition study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:2127–33.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Etgen T, Sander D, Chonchol M, Briesenick C, Poppert H, Förstl H, et al. Chronic kidney disease is associated with incident cognitive impairment in the elderly: the INVADE study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24:3144–50.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Khatri M, Nickolas T, Moon YP, Paik MC, Rundek T, Elkind MS, et al. CKD associates with cognitive decline. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:2427–32.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

26.

Buchman AS, Tanne D, Boyle PA, Shah RC, Leurgans SE, Bennett DA. Kidney function is associated with the rate of cognitive decline in the elderly. Neurology. 2009;73:920–7.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

27.

Sasaki Y, Marioni R, Kasai M, Ishii H, Yamaguchi S, Meguro K. Chronic kidney disease: a risk factor for dementia onset: a population-based study, The Osaki-Tajiri Project. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:1175–81.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Davey A, Elias MF, Robbins MA, Seliger SL, Dore GA. Decline in renal functioning is associated with longitudinal decline in global cognitive functioning, abstract reasoning and verbal memory. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013;28:1810–9.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

29.

Darsie B, Shlipak MG, Sarnak MJ, Katz R, Fitzpatrick AL, Odden MC. Kidney function and cognitive health in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180:68–75.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Slinin Y, Paudel ML, Ishani A, Taylor BC, Yaffe K, Murray AM, et al. Kidney function and cognitive performance and decline in older men. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:2082–8.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

31.

Jassal SK, Kritz-Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E. A prospective study of albuminuria and cognitive function in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo study. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171:277–86.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

32.

Helmer C, Stengel B, Metzger M, Froissart M, Massy ZA, Tzourio C, et al. Chronic kidney disease, cognitive decline, and incident dementia: the 3C Study. Neurology. 2012;77:2043–51.CrossRef

33.

Kurella Tamura M, Muntner P, Wadley V, Cushman M, Zakai NA, Bradbury BD, et al. Albuminuria, kidney function, and the incidence of cognitive impairment among adults in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;58:756–63.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Etgen T, Chonchol M, Forstl H, Sander D. Chronic kidney disease and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Nephrol. 2012;35:474–82.CrossRefPubMed

35.

Elias MF, Dore GA, Davey A. Kidney disease and cognitive function. Contrib Nephrol. 2013;179:42–57.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Brady CB, Gaziano JM, Cxypoliski RA, Guarino PD, Kaufman JS, Warren SR, et al. Homocysteine lowering and cognition in CKD: the Veterans Affairs homocysteine study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;54:440–9.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

37.

Pfeffer MA, Burdmann EA, Chen CY, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, Eckardt KU, et al. A trial of darbepoetin alfa in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2019–32.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Harciarek M, Biedunkiewicz B, Lichodziejewska-Niemierko M, Debska-Slizien A, Rutkowski B. Continuous cognitive improvement 1 year following successful kidney transplant. Kidney Int. 2011;79:1353–60.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01206062. Accessed 18 Nov 2014.

Title: Kidney disease as a determinant of cognitive decline and dementia
Author: Thorleif Etgen
Publication date: 01-12-2015
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy / Issue 1/2015
Electronic ISSN: 1758-9193
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-015-0115-4

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Kidney disease as a determinant of cognitive decline and dementia

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2015

Is the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia declining?

Unraveling the potential co-contributions of cerebral small vessel vasculopathy to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s dementia

Apolipoprotein E-dependent load of white matter hyperintensities in Alzheimer’s disease: a voxel-based lesion mapping study

Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β 42/40 ratio in clinical setting of memory centers: a multicentric study

Peripheral and central effects of γ-secretase inhibition by semagacestat in Alzheimer’s disease

Comparing recruitment, retention, and safety reporting among geographic regions in multinational Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials