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Published in:

01-02-2017

JC virus infection is acquired very early in life: evidence from a longitudinal serological study

Authors: Francesca Elia, Sonia Villani, Federico Ambrogi, Lucia Signorini, Simone Dallari, Sandro Binda, Valeria Primache, Laura Pellegrinelli, Pasquale Ferrante, Serena Delbue

Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

JC virus (JCV) is a widespread member of the Polyomaviridae family. Following primary infection, which occurs asymptomatically during childhood, JCV establishes latency in the host. JCV seroprevalence can reach 80 % in healthy adults, but the age of viral exposure has not been yet characterized. This study was conducted to define JCV seroprevalence in Italian infants and to estimate the date of primary infection. A JCV viral protein 1 (VP1)–GST fusion protein was used in conjunction with a homemade indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test for the presence of IgG antibodies to JCV in 981 serum samples collected from 644 Italian infants of different ages (1 day to 3 years old) and in 102 breast milk samples. IgM antibody presence was also evaluated in longitudinally collected samples from 17 selected children. JCV antibody prevalence and normalized optical density (nOD) were calculated. For the longitudinal analysis, generalized estimating equation techniques and spline functions were used to estimate the possible non-linear effects of time on antibody production kinetics. JCV IgG was detected in 71.8 % of the sera. Prevalence increased over time from 46.1 % (1 month old) to 80.7 % (12 months old), 85.9 % (24 months old), and 85.5 % (36 months old). As determined by nOD, the longitudinal analysis of serum IgG amounts in children of this study (ages 1 day to 3 years old) illustrated IgG kinetic changes with statistically significant trends (p = 0.001). One-month-old children were largely negative for JCV IgM (82.4 %), and 58.8 % of children produced JCV IgM within the second and sixth months of life. JCV IgG was detected in 27.3 % of breast milk samples. JCV primary infection likely occurs before 6 months of age, and a sizeable percentage of Italian infants will become JCV seropositive within 2 years of age. This study can be used to determine the optimal age for potential future JCV vaccination in infants.

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Title: JC virus infection is acquired very early in life: evidence from a longitudinal serological study
Authors: Francesca Elia
Sonia Villani
Federico Ambrogi
Lucia Signorini
Simone Dallari
Sandro Binda
Valeria Primache
Laura Pellegrinelli
Pasquale Ferrante
Serena Delbue
Publication date: 01-02-2017
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: Journal of NeuroVirology / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 1355-0284
Electronic ISSN: 1538-2443
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-016-0477-9

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

JC virus infection is acquired very early in life: evidence from a longitudinal serological study

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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