Is the supine position superior to the prone position for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)?

The objective of this study is to update the two previous meta-analyses in order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for patients in the prone position versus supine position. An electronic database search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, google scholar, and the Cochrane library was performed up to June, 2013. All studies comparing prone with supine position for PCNL were included. The outcome measures were stone-free rate, operative time, complication and hospital stay. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 7 non-RCTs, including 6,413 patients (4,956 patients in the prone position group and 1,457 patients in the supine position group), met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of extractable data showed that PCNL in the supine position was associated with a significantly shorter operative time (WMD: 21.7; 95 % CI 2.46–40.94; p = 0.03) but lower stone-free rate (OR: 1.36; 95 % CI 1.19–1.56; p < 0.0001) than PCNL in the prone position. There was no difference between the two positions regarding hospital stay (WMD = 0.05; 95 % CI −0.16–0.25; p = 0.66) and complication rate (OR: 1.1; 95 % CI 0.94–1.28; p = 0.24). In conclusion, the present study found different results from the two previous meta-analyses results regarding stone-free rate; PCNL in the supine position had a significantly lower stone-free rate than that in prone position.