Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2011

Open Access 01-12-2011 | Research article

Is Ankyrin a genetic risk factor for psychiatric phenotypes?

Authors: Alejandro Gella, Mònica Segura, Núria Durany, Bruno Pfuhlmann, Gerald Stöber, Micha Gawlik

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Genome wide association studies reported two single nucleotide polymorphisms in ANK3 (rs9804190 and rs10994336) as independent genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder. Another SNP in ANK3 (rs10761482) was associated with schizophrenia in a large European sample. Within the debate on common susceptibility genes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, we tried to investigate common findings by analyzing association of ANK3 with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and unipolar depression.

Methods

We genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ANK3 (rs9804190, rs10994336, and rs10761482) in a case-control sample of German descent including 920 patients with schizophrenia, 400 with bipolar affective disorder, 220 patients with unipolar depression according to ICD 10 and 480 healthy controls. Sample was further differentiated according to Leonhard's classification featuring disease entities with specific combination of bipolar and psychotic syndromes.

Results

We found no association of rs9804190 and rs10994336 with bipolar disorder, unipolar depression or schizophrenia. In contrast to previous findings rs10761482 was associated with bipolar disorder (p = 0.015) but not with schizophrenia or unipolar depression. We observed no association with disease entities according to Leonhard's classification.

Conclusion

Our results support a specific genetic contribution of ANK3 to bipolar disorder though we failed to replicate findings for schizophrenia. We cannot confirm ANK3 as a common risk factor for different diseases.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Allen NC, Bagade S, McQueen MB, Ioannidis JP, Kavvoura FK, Khoury MJ, Tanzi RE, Bertram L: Systematic meta-analyses and field synopsis of genetic association studies in schizophrenia: the SzGene database. Nat Genet. 2008, 40: 827-834. 10.1038/ng.171.CrossRefPubMed Allen NC, Bagade S, McQueen MB, Ioannidis JP, Kavvoura FK, Khoury MJ, Tanzi RE, Bertram L: Systematic meta-analyses and field synopsis of genetic association studies in schizophrenia: the SzGene database. Nat Genet. 2008, 40: 827-834. 10.1038/ng.171.CrossRefPubMed
2.
go back to reference Stöber G, Ben-Shachar D, Cardon M, Falkai P, Fonteh AN, Gawlik M, Glenthoj BY, Grunblatt E, Jablensky A, Kim YK, Kornhuber J, McNeil TF, Muller N, Oranje B, Saito T, Saoud M, Schmitt A, Schwartz M, Thome J, Uzbekov M, Durany N, Riederer P: Schizophrenia: From the brain to peripheral markers. A consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on biological markers. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2009, 10: 127-155. 10.1080/15622970902898980.CrossRefPubMed Stöber G, Ben-Shachar D, Cardon M, Falkai P, Fonteh AN, Gawlik M, Glenthoj BY, Grunblatt E, Jablensky A, Kim YK, Kornhuber J, McNeil TF, Muller N, Oranje B, Saito T, Saoud M, Schmitt A, Schwartz M, Thome J, Uzbekov M, Durany N, Riederer P: Schizophrenia: From the brain to peripheral markers. A consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on biological markers. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2009, 10: 127-155. 10.1080/15622970902898980.CrossRefPubMed
3.
go back to reference Stefansson H, Ophoff RA, Steinberg S, Andreassen OA, Cichon S, Rujescu D, Werge T, Pietiläinen OP, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Sigurdsson E, Gustafsson O, Nyegaard M, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Ingason A, Hansen T, Suvisaari J, Lonnqvist J, Paunio T, Børglum AD, Hartmann A, Fink-Jensen A, Nordentoft M, Hougaard D, Norgaard-Pedersen B, Böttcher Y, Olesen J, Breuer R, Möller HJ, Giegling I, Rasmussen HB, Timm S, Mattheisen M, Bitter I, Réthelyi JM, Magnusdottir BB, Sigmundsson T, Olason P, Masson G, Gulcher JR, Haraldsson M, Fossdal R, Thorgeirsson TE, Thorsteinsdottir U, Ruggeri M, Tosato S, Franke B, Strengman E, Kiemeney LA, Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP), Melle I, Djurovic S, Abramova L, Kaleda V, Sanjuan J, de Frutos R, Bramon E, Vassos E, Fraser G, Ettinger U, Picchioni M, Walker N, Toulopoulou T, Need AC, Ge D, Yoon JL, Shianna KV, Freimer NB, Cantor RM, Murray R, Kong A, Golimbet V, Carracedo A, Arango C, Costas J, Jönsson EG, Terenius L, Agartz I, Petursson H, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, Matthews PM, Muglia P, Peltonen L, St Clair D, Goldstein DB, Stefansson K, Collier DA: Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia. Nature. 2009, 460: 744-7.PubMedPubMedCentral Stefansson H, Ophoff RA, Steinberg S, Andreassen OA, Cichon S, Rujescu D, Werge T, Pietiläinen OP, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Sigurdsson E, Gustafsson O, Nyegaard M, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Ingason A, Hansen T, Suvisaari J, Lonnqvist J, Paunio T, Børglum AD, Hartmann A, Fink-Jensen A, Nordentoft M, Hougaard D, Norgaard-Pedersen B, Böttcher Y, Olesen J, Breuer R, Möller HJ, Giegling I, Rasmussen HB, Timm S, Mattheisen M, Bitter I, Réthelyi JM, Magnusdottir BB, Sigmundsson T, Olason P, Masson G, Gulcher JR, Haraldsson M, Fossdal R, Thorgeirsson TE, Thorsteinsdottir U, Ruggeri M, Tosato S, Franke B, Strengman E, Kiemeney LA, Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP), Melle I, Djurovic S, Abramova L, Kaleda V, Sanjuan J, de Frutos R, Bramon E, Vassos E, Fraser G, Ettinger U, Picchioni M, Walker N, Toulopoulou T, Need AC, Ge D, Yoon JL, Shianna KV, Freimer NB, Cantor RM, Murray R, Kong A, Golimbet V, Carracedo A, Arango C, Costas J, Jönsson EG, Terenius L, Agartz I, Petursson H, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M, Matthews PM, Muglia P, Peltonen L, St Clair D, Goldstein DB, Stefansson K, Collier DA: Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia. Nature. 2009, 460: 744-7.PubMedPubMedCentral
4.
go back to reference O'Donovan MC, Craddock N, Norton N, Williams H, Peirce T, Moskvina V, Nikolov I, Hamshere M, Carroll L, Georgieva L, Dwyer S, Holmans P, Marchini JL, Spencer CC, Howie B, Leung HT, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, Morris DW, Shi Y, Feng G, Hoffmann P, Propping P, Vasilescu C, Maier W, Rietschel M, Zammit S, Schumacher J, Quinn EM, Schulze TG, Williams NM, Giegling I, Iwata N, Ikeda M, Darvasi A, Shifman S, He L, Duan J, Sanders AR, Levinson DF, Gejman PV, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Gill M, Corvin A, Rujescu D, Kirov G, Owen MJ, Buccola NG, Mowry BJ, Freedman R, Amin F, Black DW, Silverman JM, Byerley WF, Cloninger CR, Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia Collaboration: Identification of loci associated with schizophrenia by genome-wide association and follow-up. Nat Genet. 2008, 40: 1053-5. 10.1038/ng.201.CrossRefPubMed O'Donovan MC, Craddock N, Norton N, Williams H, Peirce T, Moskvina V, Nikolov I, Hamshere M, Carroll L, Georgieva L, Dwyer S, Holmans P, Marchini JL, Spencer CC, Howie B, Leung HT, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, Morris DW, Shi Y, Feng G, Hoffmann P, Propping P, Vasilescu C, Maier W, Rietschel M, Zammit S, Schumacher J, Quinn EM, Schulze TG, Williams NM, Giegling I, Iwata N, Ikeda M, Darvasi A, Shifman S, He L, Duan J, Sanders AR, Levinson DF, Gejman PV, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Gill M, Corvin A, Rujescu D, Kirov G, Owen MJ, Buccola NG, Mowry BJ, Freedman R, Amin F, Black DW, Silverman JM, Byerley WF, Cloninger CR, Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia Collaboration: Identification of loci associated with schizophrenia by genome-wide association and follow-up. Nat Genet. 2008, 40: 1053-5. 10.1038/ng.201.CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Williams HJ, Craddock N, Russo G, Hamshere ML, Moskvina V, Dwyer S, Smith RL, Green E, Grozeva D, Holmans P, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC: Most genome-wide significant susceptibility loci for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reported to date cross-traditional diagnostic boundaries. Hum Mol Genet. 2011, 20: 387-91. 10.1093/hmg/ddq471.CrossRefPubMed Williams HJ, Craddock N, Russo G, Hamshere ML, Moskvina V, Dwyer S, Smith RL, Green E, Grozeva D, Holmans P, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC: Most genome-wide significant susceptibility loci for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reported to date cross-traditional diagnostic boundaries. Hum Mol Genet. 2011, 20: 387-91. 10.1093/hmg/ddq471.CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Baum AE, Akula N, Cabanero M, Cardona I, Corona W, Klemens B, Schulze TG, Cichon S, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Georgi A, Schumacher J, Schwarz M, Abou Jamra R, Höfels S, Propping P, Satagopan J, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Hardy J, McMahon FJ: A genome-wide association study implicates diacylglicerol kinase (DGKH) and several other genes in the etiology of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2008, 13: 197-207. 10.1038/sj.mp.4002012.CrossRefPubMed Baum AE, Akula N, Cabanero M, Cardona I, Corona W, Klemens B, Schulze TG, Cichon S, Rietschel M, Nöthen MM, Georgi A, Schumacher J, Schwarz M, Abou Jamra R, Höfels S, Propping P, Satagopan J, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Hardy J, McMahon FJ: A genome-wide association study implicates diacylglicerol kinase (DGKH) and several other genes in the etiology of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2008, 13: 197-207. 10.1038/sj.mp.4002012.CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Ferreira MA, O'Donovan MC, Meng YA, Jones IR, Ruderfer DM, Jones L, Fan J, Kirov G, Perlis RH, Green EK, Smoller JW, Grozeva D, Stone J, Nikolov I, Chambert K, Hamshere ML, Nimgaonkar V, Moskvina V, Thase ME, Caesar S, Sachs GS, Franklin J, Gordon-Smith K, Ardlie KG, Gabriel SB, Fraser C, Blumenstiel B, Defelice M, Breen G, Gill M, Morris DW, Elkin A, Muir WJ, McGhee KA, Williamson R, MacIntyre DJ, McLean A, St Clair D, VanBeck M, Pereira A, Kandaswamy R, McQuillin A, Collier DA, Bass NJ, Young AH, Lawrence J, Ferrier IN, Anjorin A, Farmer A, Curtis D, Scolnick EM, McGuYn P, Daly MJ, Corvin AP, Holmans PA, Blackwood DH, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC), Gurling HM, Owen MJ, Purcell SM, Sklar P, Craddock NJ: Collaborative genome-wide association analysis supports a role for ANK3 and CACNA1C in bipolar disorder. Nat Genet. 2008, 40: 1056-1058. 10.1038/ng.209.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ferreira MA, O'Donovan MC, Meng YA, Jones IR, Ruderfer DM, Jones L, Fan J, Kirov G, Perlis RH, Green EK, Smoller JW, Grozeva D, Stone J, Nikolov I, Chambert K, Hamshere ML, Nimgaonkar V, Moskvina V, Thase ME, Caesar S, Sachs GS, Franklin J, Gordon-Smith K, Ardlie KG, Gabriel SB, Fraser C, Blumenstiel B, Defelice M, Breen G, Gill M, Morris DW, Elkin A, Muir WJ, McGhee KA, Williamson R, MacIntyre DJ, McLean A, St Clair D, VanBeck M, Pereira A, Kandaswamy R, McQuillin A, Collier DA, Bass NJ, Young AH, Lawrence J, Ferrier IN, Anjorin A, Farmer A, Curtis D, Scolnick EM, McGuYn P, Daly MJ, Corvin AP, Holmans PA, Blackwood DH, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC), Gurling HM, Owen MJ, Purcell SM, Sklar P, Craddock NJ: Collaborative genome-wide association analysis supports a role for ANK3 and CACNA1C in bipolar disorder. Nat Genet. 2008, 40: 1056-1058. 10.1038/ng.209.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
go back to reference Schulze TG, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Akula N, Gupta A, Kassem L, Steele J, Pearl J, Strohmaier J, Breuer R, Schwarz M, Propping P, Nothen MM, Cichon S, Schumacher J, Rietschel M, McMahon FJ: Two variants in Ankyrin 3 (ANK3) are independent genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2009, 14: 487-491. 10.1038/mp.2008.134.CrossRefPubMed Schulze TG, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Akula N, Gupta A, Kassem L, Steele J, Pearl J, Strohmaier J, Breuer R, Schwarz M, Propping P, Nothen MM, Cichon S, Schumacher J, Rietschel M, McMahon FJ: Two variants in Ankyrin 3 (ANK3) are independent genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2009, 14: 487-491. 10.1038/mp.2008.134.CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Lee MT, Chen CH, Lee CS, Chen CC, Chong MY, Ouyang WC, Chiu NY, Chuo LJ, Chen CY, Tan HK, Lane HY, Chang TJ, Lin CH, Jou SH, Hou YM, Feng J, Lai TJ, Tung CL, Chen TJ, Chang CJ, Lung FW, Chen CK, Shiah IS, Liu CY, Teng PR, Chen KH, Shen LJ, Cheng CS, Chang TP, Li CF, Chou CH, Chen CY, Wang KH, Fann CS, Wu JY, Chen YT, Cheng AT: Genome-wide association study of bipolar I disorder in the Han Chinese population. Mol Psychiatry. 2011, 16: 548-56. 10.1038/mp.2010.43.CrossRefPubMed Lee MT, Chen CH, Lee CS, Chen CC, Chong MY, Ouyang WC, Chiu NY, Chuo LJ, Chen CY, Tan HK, Lane HY, Chang TJ, Lin CH, Jou SH, Hou YM, Feng J, Lai TJ, Tung CL, Chen TJ, Chang CJ, Lung FW, Chen CK, Shiah IS, Liu CY, Teng PR, Chen KH, Shen LJ, Cheng CS, Chang TP, Li CF, Chou CH, Chen CY, Wang KH, Fann CS, Wu JY, Chen YT, Cheng AT: Genome-wide association study of bipolar I disorder in the Han Chinese population. Mol Psychiatry. 2011, 16: 548-56. 10.1038/mp.2010.43.CrossRefPubMed
10.
go back to reference Athanasiu L, Mattingsdal M, Kähler AK, Brown A, Gustafsson O, Agartz I, Giegling I, Muglia P, Cichon S, Rietschel M, Pietiläinen OP, Peltonen L, Bramon E, Collier D, Clair DS, Sigurdsson E, Petursson H, Rujescu D, Melle I, Steen VM, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA: Gene variants associated with schizophrenia in a Norwegian genome-wide study are replicated in a large European cohort. J Psychiatr Res. 2010, 44: 748-53. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.02.002.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Athanasiu L, Mattingsdal M, Kähler AK, Brown A, Gustafsson O, Agartz I, Giegling I, Muglia P, Cichon S, Rietschel M, Pietiläinen OP, Peltonen L, Bramon E, Collier D, Clair DS, Sigurdsson E, Petursson H, Rujescu D, Melle I, Steen VM, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA: Gene variants associated with schizophrenia in a Norwegian genome-wide study are replicated in a large European cohort. J Psychiatr Res. 2010, 44: 748-53. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.02.002.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
11.
go back to reference Bennett V, Lambert S: Physiological roles of axonal ankyrins in survival of premyelinated axons and localization of voltage-gated sodium channels. Journal of Neurocytology. 1999, 28: 303-318. 10.1023/A:1007005528505.CrossRefPubMed Bennett V, Lambert S: Physiological roles of axonal ankyrins in survival of premyelinated axons and localization of voltage-gated sodium channels. Journal of Neurocytology. 1999, 28: 303-318. 10.1023/A:1007005528505.CrossRefPubMed
12.
go back to reference Kretschmer T, England JD, Happel LT, Liu ZP, Thouron CL, Nguyen DH, Beuerman RW, Kline DG: Ankyrin G and voltage gated sodium channels colocalize in human neurona - key proteins of membrane remodeling after axonal injury. Neuroscience Letters. 1999, 323: 151-155.CrossRef Kretschmer T, England JD, Happel LT, Liu ZP, Thouron CL, Nguyen DH, Beuerman RW, Kline DG: Ankyrin G and voltage gated sodium channels colocalize in human neurona - key proteins of membrane remodeling after axonal injury. Neuroscience Letters. 1999, 323: 151-155.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Dzhashiashvili Y, Zhang Y, Galinska J, Lam I, Grumet M, Salzer JL: Nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segments are ankyrin G-dependent domains that assemble by distinct mechanisms. J Cell Biol. 2007, 177: 857-70. 10.1083/jcb.200612012.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Dzhashiashvili Y, Zhang Y, Galinska J, Lam I, Grumet M, Salzer JL: Nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segments are ankyrin G-dependent domains that assemble by distinct mechanisms. J Cell Biol. 2007, 177: 857-70. 10.1083/jcb.200612012.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
14.
go back to reference Kizhatil K, Davis JQ, Davis L, Hoffman J, Hogan BL, Bennett V: Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial cells and early embryos. J Biol Chem. 2007, 282: 26552-61. 10.1074/jbc.M703158200.CrossRefPubMed Kizhatil K, Davis JQ, Davis L, Hoffman J, Hogan BL, Bennett V: Ankyrin-G is a molecular partner of E-cadherin in epithelial cells and early embryos. J Biol Chem. 2007, 282: 26552-61. 10.1074/jbc.M703158200.CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Jenkins SM, Bennett V: Developing nodes of Ranvier are defined by ankyrin-G clustering and are independent of paranodal axoglial adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002, 99: 2303-8. 10.1073/pnas.042601799.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jenkins SM, Bennett V: Developing nodes of Ranvier are defined by ankyrin-G clustering and are independent of paranodal axoglial adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002, 99: 2303-8. 10.1073/pnas.042601799.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
16.
go back to reference Jenkins SM, Bennett V: Ankyrin-G coordinates assembly of the spectrin-based membrane skeleton, voltage-gated sodium channels, and L1 CAMs at Purkinje neuron initial segments. J Cell Biol. 2001, 155: 739-46. 10.1083/jcb.200109026.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jenkins SM, Bennett V: Ankyrin-G coordinates assembly of the spectrin-based membrane skeleton, voltage-gated sodium channels, and L1 CAMs at Purkinje neuron initial segments. J Cell Biol. 2001, 155: 739-46. 10.1083/jcb.200109026.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
go back to reference Cruz DA, Weaver CL, Lovallo EM, Melchitzky DS, Lewis DA: Selective alterations in postsynaptic markers of chandelier cell inputs to cortical pyramidal neurons in subjects with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009, 34: 12-24.CrossRef Cruz DA, Weaver CL, Lovallo EM, Melchitzky DS, Lewis DA: Selective alterations in postsynaptic markers of chandelier cell inputs to cortical pyramidal neurons in subjects with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009, 34: 12-24.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Leonhard K: Classification of endogenous psychoses and their differentiated etiology. 1999, enlarged, Wien, New York Springer, 2CrossRef Leonhard K: Classification of endogenous psychoses and their differentiated etiology. 1999, enlarged, Wien, New York Springer, 2CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Franzek E, Beckmann H: Different genetic background of schizophrenia spectrum psychoses: a twin study. Am J Psychiatry. 1998, 155: 76-83.CrossRefPubMed Franzek E, Beckmann H: Different genetic background of schizophrenia spectrum psychoses: a twin study. Am J Psychiatry. 1998, 155: 76-83.CrossRefPubMed
20.
go back to reference Becker T, Knapp M: Maximum-likelihood estimation of haplotype frequencies in nuclear families. Genet Epidemiol. 2004, 27: 21-32. 10.1002/gepi.10323.CrossRefPubMed Becker T, Knapp M: Maximum-likelihood estimation of haplotype frequencies in nuclear families. Genet Epidemiol. 2004, 27: 21-32. 10.1002/gepi.10323.CrossRefPubMed
21.
go back to reference Barrett JC, Fry B, Maller J, Daly MJ: Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics. 2005, 21: 263-5. 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth457.CrossRefPubMed Barrett JC, Fry B, Maller J, Daly MJ: Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics. 2005, 21: 263-5. 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth457.CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Pfuhlmann B, Jabs B, Althaus G, Schmidtke A, Bartsch A, Stöber G, Beckmann H, Franzek E: Cycloid psychoses are not part of a bipolar affective spectrum: results of a controlled family study. J Affect Disord. 2004, 83: 11-9. 10.1016/j.jad.2004.03.005.CrossRefPubMed Pfuhlmann B, Jabs B, Althaus G, Schmidtke A, Bartsch A, Stöber G, Beckmann H, Franzek E: Cycloid psychoses are not part of a bipolar affective spectrum: results of a controlled family study. J Affect Disord. 2004, 83: 11-9. 10.1016/j.jad.2004.03.005.CrossRefPubMed
24.
go back to reference Stöber G, Franzek E, Lesch KP, Beckmann H: Periodic catatonia: a schizophrenic subtype with major gene effect and anticipation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995, 245: 135-41. 10.1007/BF02193085.CrossRefPubMed Stöber G, Franzek E, Lesch KP, Beckmann H: Periodic catatonia: a schizophrenic subtype with major gene effect and anticipation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995, 245: 135-41. 10.1007/BF02193085.CrossRefPubMed
25.
go back to reference Liu Y, Blackwood DH, Caesar S, de Geus EJ, Farmer A, Ferreira MA, Ferrier IN, Fraser C, Gordon-Smith K, Green EK, Grozeva D, Gurling HM, Hamshere ML, Heutink P, Holmans PA, Hoogendijk WJ, Hottenga JJ, Jones L, Jones IR, Kirov G, Lin D, McGuffin P, Moskvina V, Nolen WA, Perlis RH, Posthuma D, Scolnick EM, Smit AB, Smit JH, Smoller JW, St Clair D, van Dyck R, Verhage M, Willemsen G, Young AH, Zandbelt T, Boomsma DI, Craddock N, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Penninx BW, Purcell S, Sklar P, Sullivan PF: Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2011, 16: 2-4. 10.1038/mp.2009.107.CrossRefPubMed Liu Y, Blackwood DH, Caesar S, de Geus EJ, Farmer A, Ferreira MA, Ferrier IN, Fraser C, Gordon-Smith K, Green EK, Grozeva D, Gurling HM, Hamshere ML, Heutink P, Holmans PA, Hoogendijk WJ, Hottenga JJ, Jones L, Jones IR, Kirov G, Lin D, McGuffin P, Moskvina V, Nolen WA, Perlis RH, Posthuma D, Scolnick EM, Smit AB, Smit JH, Smoller JW, St Clair D, van Dyck R, Verhage M, Willemsen G, Young AH, Zandbelt T, Boomsma DI, Craddock N, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Penninx BW, Purcell S, Sklar P, Sullivan PF: Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data of bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2011, 16: 2-4. 10.1038/mp.2009.107.CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Quinn EM, Hill M, Anney R, Gill M, Corvin AP, Morris DW: Evidence for cis-acting regulation of ANK3 and CACNA1C gene expression. Bipolar Disord. 2010, 12: 440-5. 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00817.x.CrossRefPubMed Quinn EM, Hill M, Anney R, Gill M, Corvin AP, Morris DW: Evidence for cis-acting regulation of ANK3 and CACNA1C gene expression. Bipolar Disord. 2010, 12: 440-5. 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00817.x.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Is Ankyrin a genetic risk factor for psychiatric phenotypes?
Authors
Alejandro Gella
Mònica Segura
Núria Durany
Bruno Pfuhlmann
Gerald Stöber
Micha Gawlik
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2011
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-11-103

Other articles of this Issue 1/2011

BMC Psychiatry 1/2011 Go to the issue