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Journal of Neurology
Published in: Journal of Neurology 8/2017

01-08-2017 | Review

Iron, dopamine, genetics, and hormones in the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome

Authors: Farhan H. Khan, Caitlyn D. Ahlberg, Christopher A. Chow, Divya R. Shah, Brian B. Koo

Published in: Journal of Neurology | Issue 8/2017

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Abstract

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common, chronic neurologic condition, which causes a persistent urge to move the legs in the evening that interferes with sleep. Human and animal studies have been used to study the pathophysiologic state of RLS and much has been learned about the iron and dopamine systems in relation to RLS. Human neuropathologic and imaging studies have consistently shown decreased iron in different brain regions including substantia nigra and thalamus. These same areas also demonstrate a state of relative dopamine excess. While it is not known how these changes in dopamine or iron produce the symptoms of RLS, genetic and hormone studies of RLS have identified other biologic systems or genes, such as the endogenous opioid and melanocortin systems and BTBD9 and MEIS1, that may explain some of the iron or dopamine changes in relation to RLS. This manuscript will review what is known about the pathophysiology of RLS, especially as it relates to changes in iron, dopamine, genetics, and hormonal systems.
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Metadata
Title
Iron, dopamine, genetics, and hormones in the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome
Authors
Farhan H. Khan
Caitlyn D. Ahlberg
Christopher A. Chow
Divya R. Shah
Brian B. Koo
Publication date
01-08-2017
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Journal of Neurology / Issue 8/2017
Print ISSN: 0340-5354
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1459
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-017-8431-1

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