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Arthritis Research & Therapy
Published in: Arthritis Research & Therapy 6/2009

Open Access 01-12-2009 | Research article

Intradiscal injection of simvastatin retards progression of intervertebral disc degeneration induced by stab injury

Authors: Huina Zhang, Lin Wang, Jun Beom Park, Paul Park, Victor C Yang, Scott J Hollister, Frank La Marca, Chia-Ying Lin

Published in: Arthritis Research & Therapy | Issue 6/2009

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Abstract

Introduction

Earlier work indicates that the cholesterol-lowering drug, simvastatin, is anabolic to chondrogenic expression of rat intervertebral disc (IVD) cells, which suggests a potential role for simvastatin in IVD regeneration. In this study, we expand on our earlier work to test the effectiveness of simvastatin on disc degeneration utilizing a rat tail disc degeneration model.

Methods

30 rats that underwent 21 G needle-puncture at rat tail discs were injected with simvastatin-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PLGA-PEG) gel (5 mg/ml) or vehicle control at 4 weeks after needle injury. All animals were sacrificed 2 weeks after simvastatin injection. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), aggrecan, collagen type II, and collagen type I messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the rat nucleus pulposus (NP) were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to monitor changes in disc degeneration. Rat discs were also assessed by histology using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and safranin O staining. In addition, the NP weight, glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and DNA content were also measured.

Results

A single dose of simvastatin loaded in thermo-sensitive PEG-PLGA-PEG gel injected into the NP had the trend to increase aggrecan expression and sGAG content, and significantly increased mRNA levels of BMP-2, collagen type II, and the differentiation index (the ratio of collagen type II to collagen type I). The decreased NP weight, T2 intensity, as well as MRI index in the rat tail discs induced by needle puncture were significantly reversed after 2 weeks of simvastatin treatment. In addition, simvastatin treatment also improved histological changes induced by needle puncture.

Conclusions

A single injection of simvastatin loaded in PEG-PLGA-PEG gel into rat tail discs had the potential to retard or regenerate the degenerative disc.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Intradiscal injection of simvastatin retards progression of intervertebral disc degeneration induced by stab injury
Authors
Huina Zhang
Lin Wang
Jun Beom Park
Paul Park
Victor C Yang
Scott J Hollister
Frank La Marca
Chia-Ying Lin
Publication date
01-12-2009
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Arthritis Research & Therapy / Issue 6/2009
Electronic ISSN: 1478-6362
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2861

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