Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Cardiovascular Diabetology 1/2020

Open Access 01-12-2020 | Insulins | Commentary

Treating type 2 diabetes in COVID-19 patients: the potential benefits of injective therapies

Authors: Miriam Longo, Paola Caruso, Maria Ida Maiorino, Giuseppe Bellastella, Dario Giugliano, Katherine Esposito

Published in: Cardiovascular Diabetology | Issue 1/2020

Login to get access

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization and is causing substantial morbidity and mortality all over the world. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease significantly increase the risk for hospitalization and death in COVID-19 patients. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are both predictors for adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients. An optimized glycemic control should be pursued in patients with diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 course. Both insulin and GLP-1RAs have shown optimal glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 diabetic patients and may represent a valid therapeutic option to treat asymptomatic and non-critically ill COVID-19 diabetic patients.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, Mikolajczyk A, Ichii H, Schuburt J, et al. Internationally lost COVID-19 cases. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53:454–8.CrossRef Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, Mikolajczyk A, Ichii H, Schuburt J, et al. Internationally lost COVID-19 cases. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53:454–8.CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Coperchini F, Chiovato L, Croce L, Magri F, Rotondi M. The cytokine storm in COVID-19: an overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;S1359–6101(20):30092–7. Coperchini F, Chiovato L, Croce L, Magri F, Rotondi M. The cytokine storm in COVID-19: an overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;S1359–6101(20):30092–7.
3.
go back to reference Sun X, Wang T, Cai D, Hu Z, Chen J, Liao H, et al. Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;S1359–6101(20):30048–54. Sun X, Wang T, Cai D, Hu Z, Chen J, Liao H, et al. Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;S1359–6101(20):30048–54.
4.
go back to reference Long B, Brady WJ, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M. Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;S0735–6757(20):30277–81. Long B, Brady WJ, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M. Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;S0735–6757(20):30277–81.
5.
go back to reference Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1054–62.CrossRef Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1054–62.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson KW, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2052–9.CrossRef Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson KW, et al. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2052–9.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G. COVID-19 and Italy: what next? Lancet. 2020;395:1225–8.CrossRef Remuzzi A, Remuzzi G. COVID-19 and Italy: what next? Lancet. 2020;395:1225–8.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Randeria SN, Thomson GJA, Nell TA, Roberts T, Pretorius E. Inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetes mellitus as facilitators of hypercoagulation and abnormal clot formation. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18:72.CrossRef Randeria SN, Thomson GJA, Nell TA, Roberts T, Pretorius E. Inflammatory cytokines in type 2 diabetes mellitus as facilitators of hypercoagulation and abnormal clot formation. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18:72.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Bornstein SR, Rubino F, Khunti K, Mingrone G, Hopkins D, Birkenfeld AL, et al. Practical recommendations for the management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;S2213–8587(20):30152–62. Bornstein SR, Rubino F, Khunti K, Mingrone G, Hopkins D, Birkenfeld AL, et al. Practical recommendations for the management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;S2213–8587(20):30152–62.
10.
go back to reference Mahmud E, Dauerman HL, Welt FG, Messenger JC, Rao SV, Grines C, et al. Management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;S0735–1097(20):35026–9. Mahmud E, Dauerman HL, Welt FG, Messenger JC, Rao SV, Grines C, et al. Management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;S0735–1097(20):35026–9.
11.
go back to reference Ceriello A, Standl E, Catrinoiu D, Itzhak B, Lalic NM, Rahelic D, et al. Issues of cardiovascular risk management in people with diabetes in the COVID-19 era. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1427–32.CrossRef Ceriello A, Standl E, Catrinoiu D, Itzhak B, Lalic NM, Rahelic D, et al. Issues of cardiovascular risk management in people with diabetes in the COVID-19 era. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(7):1427–32.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Shah FA, Mahmud H, Gallego-Martin T, Jurczak MJ, O’Donnell CP, McVerry BJ. Therapeutic effects of endogenous incretin hormones and exogenous incretin-based medications in sepsis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:5274–84.CrossRef Shah FA, Mahmud H, Gallego-Martin T, Jurczak MJ, O’Donnell CP, McVerry BJ. Therapeutic effects of endogenous incretin hormones and exogenous incretin-based medications in sepsis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:5274–84.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Giugliano D, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Longo M, Chiodini P, Esposito K. GLP-1 receptor agonists for prevention of cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis including the REWIND and PIONEER 6 trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21:2576–80.CrossRef Giugliano D, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Longo M, Chiodini P, Esposito K. GLP-1 receptor agonists for prevention of cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis including the REWIND and PIONEER 6 trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21:2576–80.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Bizino MB, Jazet IM, Westenberg JJM, Van Eyk HJ, Paiman EHM, Smit JWA, et al. Effect of liraglutide on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: randomized placebo-controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18(1):55.CrossRef Bizino MB, Jazet IM, Westenberg JJM, Van Eyk HJ, Paiman EHM, Smit JWA, et al. Effect of liraglutide on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: randomized placebo-controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18(1):55.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Sposito AC, Berwanger O, De Carvalho LSF, Saraiva JFK. GLP-1RAs in type 2 diabetes: mechanisms that underlie cardiovascular effects and overview of cardiovascular outcome data. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17:157.CrossRef Sposito AC, Berwanger O, De Carvalho LSF, Saraiva JFK. GLP-1RAs in type 2 diabetes: mechanisms that underlie cardiovascular effects and overview of cardiovascular outcome data. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17:157.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Leiter LA, Bain SC, Hramiak I, Jodar E, Madsbad S, Gondolf T, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction with once-weekly semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of gender, age, and baseline CV risk profile in the SUSTAIN 6 trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18(1):73.CrossRef Leiter LA, Bain SC, Hramiak I, Jodar E, Madsbad S, Gondolf T, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction with once-weekly semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of gender, age, and baseline CV risk profile in the SUSTAIN 6 trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18(1):73.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Maiorino MI, Chiodini P, Bellastella G, Scappaticcio L, Longo M, Giugliano D, et al. The good companions: insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;154:101–15.CrossRef Maiorino MI, Chiodini P, Bellastella G, Scappaticcio L, Longo M, Giugliano D, et al. The good companions: insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;154:101–15.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Treating type 2 diabetes in COVID-19 patients: the potential benefits of injective therapies
Authors
Miriam Longo
Paola Caruso
Maria Ida Maiorino
Giuseppe Bellastella
Dario Giugliano
Katherine Esposito
Publication date
01-12-2020
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Cardiovascular Diabetology / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2840
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-020-01090-9

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Cardiovascular Diabetology 1/2020 Go to the issue
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine