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Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
Published in: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 1/2019

Open Access 01-12-2019 | Insulins | Review

Metformin in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanism, preclinical and clinical aspects

Authors: Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin, Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker, Jin-Rong Zhou, Ishwar Parhar

Published in: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research | Issue 1/2019

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Abstract

Growing evidence showed the increased prevalence of cancer incidents, particularly colorectal cancer, among type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Antidiabetic medications such as, insulin, sulfonylureas, dipeptyl peptidase (DPP) 4 inhibitors and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLP-1) analogues increased the additional risk of different cancers to diabetic patients. Conversely, metformin has drawn attention among physicians and researchers since its use as antidiabetic drug exhibited beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of cancer in diabetic patients as well as an independent anticancer drug. This review aims to provide the comprehensive information on the use of metformin at preclinical and clinical stages among colorectal cancer patients. We highlight the efficacy of metformin as an anti-proliferative, chemopreventive, apoptosis inducing agent, adjuvant, and radio-chemosensitizer in various colorectal cancer models. This multifarious effects of metformin is largely attributed to its capability in modulating upstream and downstream molecular targets involved in apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle, oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and epigenetic regulation. Moreover, the review highlights metformin intake and colorectal cancer risk based on different clinical and epidemiologic results from different gender and specific population background among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The improved understanding of metformin as a potential chemotherapeutic drug or as neo-adjuvant will provide better information for it to be used globally as an affordable, well-tolerated, and effective anticancer agent for colorectal cancer.
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Metadata
Title
Metformin in colorectal cancer: molecular mechanism, preclinical and clinical aspects
Authors
Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
Md. Moklesur Rahman Sarker
Jin-Rong Zhou
Ishwar Parhar
Publication date
01-12-2019
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research / Issue 1/2019
Electronic ISSN: 1756-9966
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-019-1495-2

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