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BMC Endocrine Disorders
Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Insulins | Research

Dietary carbohydrate quality index (CQI), cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance among adults with obesity

Authors: Negin Nikrad, Babak Hosseini, Azin Pakmehr, Ayda Zahiri Tousi, Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani, Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi, Reza Akhavan-Sigari

Published in: BMC Endocrine Disorders | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, is a global public health concern due to its increasing prevalence. Considering the previous evidence of the association between carbohydrate quality and cardiometabolic risk factors, our study was aimed to evaluate any possible association between carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and cardiometabolic risk factors among obese adults.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 336 apparently healthy individuals with obesity were participated. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), including 168 food items validated for the Iranian population. CQI was calculated with three components of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates ratio, dietary fiber intake, and dietary glycemic index (GI). Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometer and enzymatic methods were used to evaluate serum lipid, glucose, and insulin concentrations.

Results

Subjects in the third quartile of CQI had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.03) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.01). Participants in the higher quartiles of CQI had more intake of energy, carbohydrates, fat, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and mono-saturated fatty acid (MUFA) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was decreased in the second quartile of CQI [odds ratio (OR) = 0.146, P = 0.01) after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, physical activity, socioeconomic status (SES) and energy intake.

Conclusion

According to our findings, a higher quality of dietary carbohydrates, determined by CQI, could be associated with a lower risk of hypertension.
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Metadata
Title
Dietary carbohydrate quality index (CQI), cardio-metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance among adults with obesity
Authors
Negin Nikrad
Babak Hosseini
Azin Pakmehr
Ayda Zahiri Tousi
Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
Reza Akhavan-Sigari
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Endocrine Disorders / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6823
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01420-4

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