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01-02-2021 | Insulins | Review Article

Animal models of gestational diabetes: characteristics and consequences to the brain and behavior of the offspring

Author: Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa

Published in: Metabolic Brain Disease | Issue 2/2021

Abstract

Gestational diabetes (GD) is the glucose intolerance that occurs during pregnancy. Mothers who develop diabetes during gestation are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) later in life, and the risk of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes are also increased as a function of maternal hyperglycemia. Infants who are exposed to fetal hyperglycemia show an increased risk of becoming obese and developing T2DM later in life. Due to the need of new research on this field, and the difficulty of performing studies in human brain, studies using experimental models are necessary to suggest possible ways to avoid or inhibit offspring brain damage or harmful metabolic alterations. Here, it was made a review about the characteristics of the main animal models of GD, and what are the consequences to the brain and behavior of the offspring. In many experimental models, either by pharmacological induction, diet manipulation, or in the use of transgenic animals, glycemic conditions are severe. S961, a selective insulin receptor antagonist, revealed an increased fasting blood glucose level and glucose intolerance during mid-gestation, which returned to basal levels postpartum in mice. GD contributes to offspring neuroinflammation, influences neuronal distribution in central nervous system (CNS), and apoptosis during embryogenesis, which in turn may contribute to changes in behavior and memory in adult life and aging. The usage of animal models to study GD allows to examine extensively the characteristics of this condition, the molecular mechanisms involved and the consequences to the brain and behavior of the offspring.

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Title: Animal models of gestational diabetes: characteristics and consequences to the brain and behavior of the offspring
Author: Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
Publication date: 01-02-2021
Publisher: Springer US
Keywords: Insulins
Gestational Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
Hyperglycemia
Insulins
Published in: Metabolic Brain Disease / Issue 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0885-7490
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7365
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-020-00661-9

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Animal models of gestational diabetes: characteristics and consequences to the brain and behavior of the offspring

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