Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 11/2022

Open Access 03-10-2022 | Insomnia | Stroke (B. Ovbiagele, Section Editor)

Sleep and Stroke: Opening Our Eyes to Current Knowledge of a Key Relationship

Authors: Valerio Brunetti, Eleonora Rollo, Aldobrando Broccolini, Giovanni Frisullo, Irene Scala, Giacomo Della Marca

Published in: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | Issue 11/2022

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To elucidate the interconnection between sleep and stroke.

Recent Findings

Growing data support a bidirectional relationship between stroke and sleep. In particular, there is strong evidence that sleep-disordered breathing plays a pivotal role as risk factor and concur to worsening functional outcome. Conversely, for others sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia, restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements of sleep, REM sleep behavior disorder), the evidence is weak. Moreover, sleep disturbances are highly prevalent also in chronic stroke and concur to worsening quality of life of patients.
Promising novel technologies will probably allow, in a near future, to guarantee a screening of commonest sleep disturbances in a larger proportion of patients with stroke.

Summary

Sleep assessment and management should enter in the routinary evaluation of stroke patients, of both acute and chronic phase. Future research should focus on the efficacy of specific sleep intervention as a therapeutic option for stroke patients.
Literature
1.••
go back to reference Hasan F, Gordon C, Wu D, Huang HC, Yuliana LT, Susatia B et al. Dynamic prevalence of sleep disorders following stroke or transient ischemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2021;52(2):655–63. A systematic review and meta-analysis that evaluated the prevalence and evolution of main sleep disorders (sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and periodic limb movements of sleep) from acute to chronic phase of stroke. Hasan F, Gordon C, Wu D, Huang HC, Yuliana LT, Susatia B et al. Dynamic prevalence of sleep disorders following stroke or transient ischemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2021;52(2):655–63. A systematic review and meta-analysis that evaluated the prevalence and evolution of main sleep disorders (sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and periodic limb movements of sleep) from acute to chronic phase of stroke.
2.
go back to reference Seiler A, Camilo M, Korostovtseva L, Haynes AG, Brill AK, Horvath T, et al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing after stroke and TIA: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 2019;92(7):e648–54.PubMedCrossRef Seiler A, Camilo M, Korostovtseva L, Haynes AG, Brill AK, Horvath T, et al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing after stroke and TIA: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 2019;92(7):e648–54.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference He Q, Zhang P, Li G, Dai H, Shi J. The association between insomnia symptoms and risk of cardio-cerebral vascular events: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(10):1071–82.PubMedCrossRef He Q, Zhang P, Li G, Dai H, Shi J. The association between insomnia symptoms and risk of cardio-cerebral vascular events: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(10):1071–82.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Ma C, Pavlova M, Liu Y, Liu Y, Huangfu C, Wu S, et al. Probable REM sleep behavior disorder and risk of stroke: a prospective study. Neurology. 2017;88(19):1849–55.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ma C, Pavlova M, Liu Y, Liu Y, Huangfu C, Wu S, et al. Probable REM sleep behavior disorder and risk of stroke: a prospective study. Neurology. 2017;88(19):1849–55.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Jennum PJ, Plazzi G, Silvani A, Surkin LA, Dauvilliers Y. Cardiovascular disorders in narcolepsy: review of associations and determinants. Sleep Med Rev. 2021;58:101440.PubMedCrossRef Jennum PJ, Plazzi G, Silvani A, Surkin LA, Dauvilliers Y. Cardiovascular disorders in narcolepsy: review of associations and determinants. Sleep Med Rev. 2021;58:101440.PubMedCrossRef
7.•
go back to reference Lo EH, Albers GW, Dichgans M, Donnan G, Esposito E, Foster R et al. Circadian biology and stroke. Stroke. 2021;52(6):2180–90. A review that assessed molecular, cellular, and physiological pathways in circadian biology in relation to the clinical consequences in stroke. Lo EH, Albers GW, Dichgans M, Donnan G, Esposito E, Foster R et al. Circadian biology and stroke. Stroke. 2021;52(6):2180–90. A review that assessed molecular, cellular, and physiological pathways in circadian biology in relation to the clinical consequences in stroke.
8.•
go back to reference Wang H, Sun J, Sun M, Liu N, Wang M. Relationship of sleep duration with the risk of stroke incidence and stroke mortality: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Sleep Med. 2022;90:267–78. A meta-analysis on studies that evaluated the correlation between the risk of stroke and sleep duration. Wang H, Sun J, Sun M, Liu N, Wang M. Relationship of sleep duration with the risk of stroke incidence and stroke mortality: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Sleep Med. 2022;90:267–78. A meta-analysis on studies that evaluated the correlation between the risk of stroke and sleep duration.
9.
go back to reference Miano S, Fanfulla F, Nobili L, Heinzer R, Haba-Rubio J, Berger M, et al. SAS CARE 1: Sleep architecture changes in a cohort of patients with ischemic stroke/TIA. Sleep Med. 2022;98:106–13.PubMedCrossRef Miano S, Fanfulla F, Nobili L, Heinzer R, Haba-Rubio J, Berger M, et al. SAS CARE 1: Sleep architecture changes in a cohort of patients with ischemic stroke/TIA. Sleep Med. 2022;98:106–13.PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Brunetti V, Vollono C, Testani E, Pilato F, Della MG. Autonomic nervous system modifications during wakefulness and sleep in a cohort of patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;28(6):1455–62.PubMedCrossRef Brunetti V, Vollono C, Testani E, Pilato F, Della MG. Autonomic nervous system modifications during wakefulness and sleep in a cohort of patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;28(6):1455–62.PubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference de Vivo L, Bellesi M, Marshall W, Bushong EA, Ellisman MH, Tononi G, et al. Ultrastructural evidence for synaptic scaling across the wake/sleep cycle. Science. 2017;355(6324):507–10.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef de Vivo L, Bellesi M, Marshall W, Bushong EA, Ellisman MH, Tononi G, et al. Ultrastructural evidence for synaptic scaling across the wake/sleep cycle. Science. 2017;355(6324):507–10.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.••
go back to reference Bassetti CLA, Randerath W, Vignatelli L, Ferini-Strambi L, Brill AK, Bonsignore MR et al. EAN/ERS/ESO/ESRS statement on the impact of sleep disorders on risk and outcome of stroke. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(7):1117–36. A statement of four major European medical organizations (European Academy of Neurology, European Respiratory Society, European Stroke Organization, European Sleep Research Society) on current knowledge and management of sleep disorders in terms of stroke risk and outcome. Bassetti CLA, Randerath W, Vignatelli L, Ferini-Strambi L, Brill AK, Bonsignore MR et al. EAN/ERS/ESO/ESRS statement on the impact of sleep disorders on risk and outcome of stroke. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(7):1117–36. A statement of four major European medical organizations (European Academy of Neurology, European Respiratory Society, European Stroke Organization, European Sleep Research Society) on current knowledge and management of sleep disorders in terms of stroke risk and outcome.
14.
go back to reference Baillieul S, Dekkers M, Brill AK, Schmidt MH, Detante O, Pepin JL, et al. Sleep apnoea and ischaemic stroke: current knowledge and future directions. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(1):78–88.PubMedCrossRef Baillieul S, Dekkers M, Brill AK, Schmidt MH, Detante O, Pepin JL, et al. Sleep apnoea and ischaemic stroke: current knowledge and future directions. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(1):78–88.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN, Lichtman JH, Brass LM, Mohsenin V. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(19):2034–41.PubMedCrossRef Yaggi HK, Concato J, Kernan WN, Lichtman JH, Brass LM, Mohsenin V. Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(19):2034–41.PubMedCrossRef
16.•
go back to reference Lisabeth LD, Sanchez BN, Lim D, Chervin RD, Case E, Morgenstern LB et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and poststroke outcomes. Ann Neurol. 2019;86(2):241–50. A large cohort study evaluating the impact of sleep-disordered breathing on functional and neurological outcome in patients with stroke. Lisabeth LD, Sanchez BN, Lim D, Chervin RD, Case E, Morgenstern LB et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and poststroke outcomes. Ann Neurol. 2019;86(2):241–50. A large cohort study evaluating the impact of sleep-disordered breathing on functional and neurological outcome in patients with stroke.
17.
go back to reference Brown DL, Shafie-Khorassani F, Kim S, Chervin RD, Case E, Morgenstern LB, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with recurrent ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2019;50(3):571–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Brown DL, Shafie-Khorassani F, Kim S, Chervin RD, Case E, Morgenstern LB, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with recurrent ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2019;50(3):571–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Martinez-Garcia MA, Campos-Rodriguez F, Catalan-Serra P, Soler-Cataluna JJ, Almeida-Gonzalez C, De la Cruz MI, et al. Cardiovascular mortality in obstructive sleep apnea in the elderly: role of long-term continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a prospective observational study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(9):909–16.PubMedCrossRef Martinez-Garcia MA, Campos-Rodriguez F, Catalan-Serra P, Soler-Cataluna JJ, Almeida-Gonzalez C, De la Cruz MI, et al. Cardiovascular mortality in obstructive sleep apnea in the elderly: role of long-term continuous positive airway pressure treatment: a prospective observational study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(9):909–16.PubMedCrossRef
19.•
go back to reference Tanayapong P, Kuna ST. Sleep disordered breathing as a cause and consequence of stroke: a review of pathophysiological and clinical relationships. Sleep Med Rev. 2021;59:10149. A review with an educational value evaluating the pathophysiological pathway of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with stroke. Tanayapong P, Kuna ST. Sleep disordered breathing as a cause and consequence of stroke: a review of pathophysiological and clinical relationships. Sleep Med Rev. 2021;59:10149. A review with an educational value evaluating the pathophysiological pathway of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with stroke.
20.
go back to reference Castello-Branco RC, Cerqueira-Silva T, Andrade AL, Goncalves BMM, Pereira CB, Felix IF, et al. Association between risk of obstructive sleep apnea and cerebrovascular reactivity in stroke patients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(6):e015313.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Castello-Branco RC, Cerqueira-Silva T, Andrade AL, Goncalves BMM, Pereira CB, Felix IF, et al. Association between risk of obstructive sleep apnea and cerebrovascular reactivity in stroke patients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(6):e015313.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Pengo MF, Faini A, Grote L, Ludka O, Joppa P, Pataka A, et al. Impact of sleep apnea on cardioembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation: data from the ESADA cohort. Stroke. 2021;52(2):712–5.PubMedCrossRef Pengo MF, Faini A, Grote L, Ludka O, Joppa P, Pataka A, et al. Impact of sleep apnea on cardioembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation: data from the ESADA cohort. Stroke. 2021;52(2):712–5.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Dalmar A, Singh M, Heis Z, Cumpian TL, Ceretto C, Mortada ME, et al. Risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke after bariatric surgery in patients with morbid obesity with or without obstructive sleep apnea. Stroke. 2021;52(7):2266–74.PubMedCrossRef Dalmar A, Singh M, Heis Z, Cumpian TL, Ceretto C, Mortada ME, et al. Risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke after bariatric surgery in patients with morbid obesity with or without obstructive sleep apnea. Stroke. 2021;52(7):2266–74.PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Redline S, Yenokyan G, Gottlieb DJ, Shahar E, O’Connor GT, Resnick HE, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(2):269–77.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Redline S, Yenokyan G, Gottlieb DJ, Shahar E, O’Connor GT, Resnick HE, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(2):269–77.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
go back to reference Wu B, Tarraf W, Wallace DM, Stickel AM, Schneiderman N, Redline S, et al. Cardiovascular correlates of sleep apnea phenotypes: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). PLoS ONE. 2022;17(4):e0265151.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Wu B, Tarraf W, Wallace DM, Stickel AM, Schneiderman N, Redline S, et al. Cardiovascular correlates of sleep apnea phenotypes: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). PLoS ONE. 2022;17(4):e0265151.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Mazzotti DR, Keenan BT, Lim DC, Gottlieb DJ, Kim J, Pack AI. Symptom subtypes of obstructive sleep apnea predict incidence of cardiovascular outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(4):493–506.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mazzotti DR, Keenan BT, Lim DC, Gottlieb DJ, Kim J, Pack AI. Symptom subtypes of obstructive sleep apnea predict incidence of cardiovascular outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(4):493–506.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
26.
go back to reference Trzepizur W, Blanchard M, Ganem T, Balusson F, Feuilloy M, Girault JM, et al. Sleep apnea-specific hypoxic burden, symptom subtypes, and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(1):108–17.PubMedCrossRef Trzepizur W, Blanchard M, Ganem T, Balusson F, Feuilloy M, Girault JM, et al. Sleep apnea-specific hypoxic burden, symptom subtypes, and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(1):108–17.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Blanchard M, Gerves-Pinquie C, Feuilloy M, Le Vaillant M, Trzepizur W, Meslier N, et al. Hypoxic burden and heart rate variability predict stroke incidence in sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 2021;57:2004022.PubMedCrossRef Blanchard M, Gerves-Pinquie C, Feuilloy M, Le Vaillant M, Trzepizur W, Meslier N, et al. Hypoxic burden and heart rate variability predict stroke incidence in sleep apnoea. Eur Respir J. 2021;57:2004022.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Muraja-Murro A, Kulkas A, Hiltunen M, Kupari S, Hukkanen T, Tiihonen P, et al. The severity of individual obstruction events is related to increased mortality rate in severe obstructive sleep apnea. J Sleep Res. 2013;22(6):663–9.PubMedCrossRef Muraja-Murro A, Kulkas A, Hiltunen M, Kupari S, Hukkanen T, Tiihonen P, et al. The severity of individual obstruction events is related to increased mortality rate in severe obstructive sleep apnea. J Sleep Res. 2013;22(6):663–9.PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Sabil A, Gerves-Pinquie C, Blanchard M, Feuilloy M, Trzepizur W, Goupil F, et al. Overnight oximetry-derived pulse rate variability predicts stroke risk in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(1):106–9.PubMedCrossRef Sabil A, Gerves-Pinquie C, Blanchard M, Feuilloy M, Trzepizur W, Goupil F, et al. Overnight oximetry-derived pulse rate variability predicts stroke risk in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(1):106–9.PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Cao W, Luo J, Huang R, Xiao Y. The association between sleep breathing impairment index and cardiovascular risk in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Nat Sci Sleep. 2022;14:53–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Cao W, Luo J, Huang R, Xiao Y. The association between sleep breathing impairment index and cardiovascular risk in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Nat Sci Sleep. 2022;14:53–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Munoz R, Duran-Cantolla J, Martinez-Vila E, Gallego J, Rubio R, Aizpuru F, et al. Central sleep apnea is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012;126(3):183–8.PubMedCrossRef Munoz R, Duran-Cantolla J, Martinez-Vila E, Gallego J, Rubio R, Aizpuru F, et al. Central sleep apnea is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012;126(3):183–8.PubMedCrossRef
32.
go back to reference Parra O, Arboix A, Bechich S, Garcia-Eroles L, Montserrat JM, Lopez JA, et al. Time course of sleep-related breathing disorders in first-ever stroke or transient ischemic attack. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(2 Pt 1):375–80.PubMedCrossRef Parra O, Arboix A, Bechich S, Garcia-Eroles L, Montserrat JM, Lopez JA, et al. Time course of sleep-related breathing disorders in first-ever stroke or transient ischemic attack. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(2 Pt 1):375–80.PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Hui DS, Choy DK, Wong LK, Ko FW, Li TS, Woo J, et al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing and continuous positive airway pressure compliance: results in Chinese patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Chest. 2002;122(3):852–60.PubMedCrossRef Hui DS, Choy DK, Wong LK, Ko FW, Li TS, Woo J, et al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing and continuous positive airway pressure compliance: results in Chinese patients with first-ever ischemic stroke. Chest. 2002;122(3):852–60.PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Bassetti CL, Milanova M, Gugger M. Sleep-disordered breathing and acute ischemic stroke: diagnosis, risk factors, treatment, evolution, and long-term clinical outcome. Stroke. 2006;37(4):967–72.PubMedCrossRef Bassetti CL, Milanova M, Gugger M. Sleep-disordered breathing and acute ischemic stroke: diagnosis, risk factors, treatment, evolution, and long-term clinical outcome. Stroke. 2006;37(4):967–72.PubMedCrossRef
35.
go back to reference Ott SR, Fanfulla F, Miano S, Horvath T, Seiler A, Bernasconi C, et al. SAS Care 1: sleep-disordered breathing in cute stroke an transient ischaemic attack – prevalence, evolution and association with functional outcome at 3 months, a prospective observational polysomnography study. ERJ Open Res. 2020;6:00334-2019.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ott SR, Fanfulla F, Miano S, Horvath T, Seiler A, Bernasconi C, et al. SAS Care 1: sleep-disordered breathing in cute stroke an transient ischaemic attack – prevalence, evolution and association with functional outcome at 3 months, a prospective observational polysomnography study. ERJ Open Res. 2020;6:00334-2019.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Pavsic K, Pretnar-Oblak J, Bajrovic FF, Dolenc-Groselj L. Prospective study of sleep-disordered breathing in 28 patients with acute unilateral lateral medullary infarction. Sleep Breath. 2020;24(4):1557–63.PubMedCrossRef Pavsic K, Pretnar-Oblak J, Bajrovic FF, Dolenc-Groselj L. Prospective study of sleep-disordered breathing in 28 patients with acute unilateral lateral medullary infarction. Sleep Breath. 2020;24(4):1557–63.PubMedCrossRef
37.
go back to reference Simonsen SA, Andersen AV, West AS, Wolfram F, Jennum P, Iversen HK. Sleep-disordered breathing and cerebral small vessel disease-acute and 6 months after ischemic stroke. Sleep Breath. 2022;26(3):1107–13.PubMedCrossRef Simonsen SA, Andersen AV, West AS, Wolfram F, Jennum P, Iversen HK. Sleep-disordered breathing and cerebral small vessel disease-acute and 6 months after ischemic stroke. Sleep Breath. 2022;26(3):1107–13.PubMedCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Manconi M, Zavalko I, Cereda C, Pisarenco I, Ott S, Fulda S, et al. Longitudinal polysomnographic assessment from acute to subacute phase in infratentorial versus supratentorial stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;37(2):85–93.PubMedCrossRef Manconi M, Zavalko I, Cereda C, Pisarenco I, Ott S, Fulda S, et al. Longitudinal polysomnographic assessment from acute to subacute phase in infratentorial versus supratentorial stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;37(2):85–93.PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Kapur VK, Auckley DH, Chowdhuri S, Kuhlmann DC, Mehra R, Ramar K, et al. Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(3):479–504.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kapur VK, Auckley DH, Chowdhuri S, Kuhlmann DC, Mehra R, Ramar K, et al. Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Sleep Med. 2017;13(3):479–504.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Schutz SG, Lisabeth LD, Hsu CW, Kim S, Chervin RD, Brown DL. Central sleep apnea is uncommon after stroke. Sleep Med. 2021;77:304–6.PubMedCrossRef Schutz SG, Lisabeth LD, Hsu CW, Kim S, Chervin RD, Brown DL. Central sleep apnea is uncommon after stroke. Sleep Med. 2021;77:304–6.PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Riglietti A, Fanfulla F, Pagani M, Lucini D, Malacarne M, Manconi M, et al. Obstructive and central sleep apnea in first ever ischemic stroke are associated with different time course and autonomic activation. Nat Sci Sleep. 2021;13:1167–78.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Riglietti A, Fanfulla F, Pagani M, Lucini D, Malacarne M, Manconi M, et al. Obstructive and central sleep apnea in first ever ischemic stroke are associated with different time course and autonomic activation. Nat Sci Sleep. 2021;13:1167–78.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.•
go back to reference Baillieul S, Bailly S, Detante O, Alexandre S, Destors M, Clin R et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and ventilatory chemosensitivity in first ischaemic stroke patients: a prospective cohort study. Thorax. 2022;77:1006–14. A large cohort of study describing the peculiar ventilatory chemosensitivity characteristics of patients with acute stroke. Baillieul S, Bailly S, Detante O, Alexandre S, Destors M, Clin R et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and ventilatory chemosensitivity in first ischaemic stroke patients: a prospective cohort study. Thorax. 2022;77:1006–14. A large cohort of study describing the peculiar ventilatory chemosensitivity characteristics of patients with acute stroke.
43.
go back to reference Fisse AL, Kemmling A, Teuber A, Wersching H, Young P, Dittrich R, et al. The association of lesion location and sleep related breathing disorder in patients with acute ischemic stroke. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0171243.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Fisse AL, Kemmling A, Teuber A, Wersching H, Young P, Dittrich R, et al. The association of lesion location and sleep related breathing disorder in patients with acute ischemic stroke. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0171243.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
go back to reference Estai M, Walsh J, Maddison K, Shepherd K, Hillman D, McArdle N, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with stroke-induced dysphagia. J Sleep Res. 2021;30(3):e13179.PubMedCrossRef Estai M, Walsh J, Maddison K, Shepherd K, Hillman D, McArdle N, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with stroke-induced dysphagia. J Sleep Res. 2021;30(3):e13179.PubMedCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Losurdo A, Brunetti V, Broccolini A, Caliandro P, Frisullo G, Morosetti R, et al. Dysphagia and obstructive sleep apnea in acute, first-ever, ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;27(3):539–46.PubMedCrossRef Losurdo A, Brunetti V, Broccolini A, Caliandro P, Frisullo G, Morosetti R, et al. Dysphagia and obstructive sleep apnea in acute, first-ever, ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;27(3):539–46.PubMedCrossRef
46.
go back to reference Alexiev F, Brill AK, Ott SR, Duss S, Schmidt M, Bassetti CL. Sleep-disordered breathing and stroke: chicken or egg? J Thorac Dis. 2018;10(Suppl 34):S4244–52.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Alexiev F, Brill AK, Ott SR, Duss S, Schmidt M, Bassetti CL. Sleep-disordered breathing and stroke: chicken or egg? J Thorac Dis. 2018;10(Suppl 34):S4244–52.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
47.
go back to reference Brown DL, Yadollahi A, He K, Xu Y, Piper B, Case E, et al. Overnight rostral fluid shifts exacerbate obstructive sleep apnea after stroke. Stroke. 2021;52(10):3176–83.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Brown DL, Yadollahi A, He K, Xu Y, Piper B, Case E, et al. Overnight rostral fluid shifts exacerbate obstructive sleep apnea after stroke. Stroke. 2021;52(10):3176–83.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Brown DL, Lisabeth LD, Zupancic MJ, Concannon M, Martin C, Chervin RD. High prevalence of supine sleep in ischemic stroke patients. Stroke. 2008;39(9):2511–4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Brown DL, Lisabeth LD, Zupancic MJ, Concannon M, Martin C, Chervin RD. High prevalence of supine sleep in ischemic stroke patients. Stroke. 2008;39(9):2511–4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
49.
go back to reference Sacchetti ML, Della MG. Are stroke cases affected by sleep disordered breathings all the same? Med Hypotheses. 2014;83(2):217–23.PubMedCrossRef Sacchetti ML, Della MG. Are stroke cases affected by sleep disordered breathings all the same? Med Hypotheses. 2014;83(2):217–23.PubMedCrossRef
50.
go back to reference Leino A, Westeren-Punnonen S, Toyras J, Myllymaa S, Leppanen T, Yla-Herttuala S, et al. Acute stroke and TIA patients have specific polygraphic features of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2020;24(4):1495–505.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Leino A, Westeren-Punnonen S, Toyras J, Myllymaa S, Leppanen T, Yla-Herttuala S, et al. Acute stroke and TIA patients have specific polygraphic features of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2020;24(4):1495–505.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
51.
go back to reference Schutz SG, Lisabeth LD, Shafie-Khorassani F, Case E, Sanchez BN, Chervin RD, et al. Clinical phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea after ischemic stroke: a cluster analysis. Sleep Med. 2019;60:178–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Schutz SG, Lisabeth LD, Shafie-Khorassani F, Case E, Sanchez BN, Chervin RD, et al. Clinical phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea after ischemic stroke: a cluster analysis. Sleep Med. 2019;60:178–81.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
52.
go back to reference Chen CY, Chen CL. Recognizable clinical subtypes of obstructive sleep apnea after ischemic stroke: a cluster analysis. Nat Sci Sleep. 2021;13:283–90.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chen CY, Chen CL. Recognizable clinical subtypes of obstructive sleep apnea after ischemic stroke: a cluster analysis. Nat Sci Sleep. 2021;13:283–90.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
53.
go back to reference Yoon CW, Park HK, Bae EK, Rha JH. Sleep apnea and early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(2):104510.PubMedCrossRef Yoon CW, Park HK, Bae EK, Rha JH. Sleep apnea and early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(2):104510.PubMedCrossRef
54.
go back to reference Cananzi SG, White LA, Barzegar M, Boyer CJ, Chernyshev OY, Yun JW, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea intensifies stroke severity following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Sleep Med. 2020;67:278–85.PubMedCrossRef Cananzi SG, White LA, Barzegar M, Boyer CJ, Chernyshev OY, Yun JW, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea intensifies stroke severity following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Sleep Med. 2020;67:278–85.PubMedCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Huhtakangas JK, Saaresranta T, Vahanikkila H, Huhtakangas J. Nocturnal hypoxemia and central apneas increase mortality, but not recurrent ischemic events after ischemic stroke. Sleep Med. 2022;97:1–9.PubMedCrossRef Huhtakangas JK, Saaresranta T, Vahanikkila H, Huhtakangas J. Nocturnal hypoxemia and central apneas increase mortality, but not recurrent ischemic events after ischemic stroke. Sleep Med. 2022;97:1–9.PubMedCrossRef
56.
go back to reference Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, Dippel DW, Mitchell PJ, Demchuk AM, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016;387(10029):1723–31.PubMedCrossRef Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, Dippel DW, Mitchell PJ, Demchuk AM, et al. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016;387(10029):1723–31.PubMedCrossRef
57.•
go back to reference Lapow JM, Dicpinigaitis AJ, Pammal RS, Coghill GA, Rechester O, Feldstein E, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea confers lower mortality risk in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy: National Inpatient Sample analysis 2010–2018. J Neurointerv Surg. 2021:neurintsurg-2021-018161. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-018161. The first study that evaluated the effect of sleep-disordered breathing on the outcome in terms of mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Lapow JM, Dicpinigaitis AJ, Pammal RS, Coghill GA, Rechester O, Feldstein E, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea confers lower mortality risk in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy: National Inpatient Sample analysis 2010–2018. J Neurointerv Surg. 2021:neurintsurg-2021-018161. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1136/​neurintsurg-2021-018161The first study that evaluated the effect of sleep-disordered breathing on the outcome in terms of mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy.
58.
go back to reference Festic N, Alejos D, Bansal V, Mooney L, Fredrickson PA, Castillo PR, et al. Sleep apnea in patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke: underrecognition and associated clinical outcomes. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14(1):75–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Festic N, Alejos D, Bansal V, Mooney L, Fredrickson PA, Castillo PR, et al. Sleep apnea in patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke: underrecognition and associated clinical outcomes. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14(1):75–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
59.
go back to reference Zhang L, Meng R, Shang S, Wu C, Wu D, Shang S, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea before ischemic stroke: clinical relevance to infarction volume and neurological recovery. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;28(8):2132–9.PubMedCrossRef Zhang L, Meng R, Shang S, Wu C, Wu D, Shang S, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea before ischemic stroke: clinical relevance to infarction volume and neurological recovery. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;28(8):2132–9.PubMedCrossRef
61.•
go back to reference Brown DL, Jiang X, Li C, Case E, Sozener CB, Chervin RD, et al. Sleep apnea screening is uncommon after stroke. Sleep Med. 2019;59:90–3. A study that showed as just a minority of patients with ischemic stroke are screened for sleep apnea. Brown DL, Jiang X, Li C, Case E, Sozener CB, Chervin RD, et al. Sleep apnea screening is uncommon after stroke. Sleep Med. 2019;59:90–3. A study that showed as just a minority of patients with ischemic stroke are screened for sleep apnea.
62.•
go back to reference Boulos MI, Kamra M, Colelli DR, Kirolos N, Gladstone DJ, Boyle K, et al. SLEAP SMART (sleep apnea screening using mobile ambulatory recorders after TIA/stroke): a randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2022;53(3):710–8. A randomized control study evaluating the efficacy, feasibility and cost of home sleep apnea test compared to the polysomnography. Boulos MI, Kamra M, Colelli DR, Kirolos N, Gladstone DJ, Boyle K, et al. SLEAP SMART (sleep apnea screening using mobile ambulatory recorders after TIA/stroke): a randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2022;53(3):710–8. A randomized control study evaluating the efficacy, feasibility and cost of home sleep apnea test compared to the polysomnography.
63.
go back to reference Huhtakangas JK, Huhtakangas J, Bloigu R, Saaresranta T. Unattended sleep study in screening for sleep apnea in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Sleep Med. 2020;65:121–6.PubMedCrossRef Huhtakangas JK, Huhtakangas J, Bloigu R, Saaresranta T. Unattended sleep study in screening for sleep apnea in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Sleep Med. 2020;65:121–6.PubMedCrossRef
64.•
go back to reference Bernardini A, Brunello A, Gigli GL, Montanari A, Saccomanno N. AIOSA: An approach to the automatic identification of obstructive sleep apnea events based on deep learning. Artif Intell Med. 2021;118:102133. A study that applied artificial intelligence techniques in order to automatically identify obstructive sleep apnea relying on routinely recorded vital signs in stroke units. Bernardini A, Brunello A, Gigli GL, Montanari A, Saccomanno N. AIOSA: An approach to the automatic identification of obstructive sleep apnea events based on deep learning. Artif Intell Med. 2021;118:102133. A study that applied artificial intelligence techniques in order to automatically identify obstructive sleep apnea relying on routinely recorded vital signs in stroke units.
65.
go back to reference Bernardini A, Brunello A, Gigli GL, Montanari A, Saccomanno N. OSASUD: A dataset of stroke unit recordings for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sci Data. 2022;9(1):177.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bernardini A, Brunello A, Gigli GL, Montanari A, Saccomanno N. OSASUD: A dataset of stroke unit recordings for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sci Data. 2022;9(1):177.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Leino A, Nikkonen S, Kainulainen S, Korkalainen H, Toyras J, Myllymaa S, et al. Neural network analysis of nocturnal SpO2 signal enables easy screening of sleep apnea in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease. Sleep Med. 2021;79:71–8.PubMedCrossRef Leino A, Nikkonen S, Kainulainen S, Korkalainen H, Toyras J, Myllymaa S, et al. Neural network analysis of nocturnal SpO2 signal enables easy screening of sleep apnea in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease. Sleep Med. 2021;79:71–8.PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Siarnik P, Jurik M, Klobucnikova K, Kollar B, Pirosova M, Malik M, et al. Sleep apnea prediction in acute ischemic stroke (SLAPS score): a derivation study. Sleep Med. 2021;77:23–8.PubMedCrossRef Siarnik P, Jurik M, Klobucnikova K, Kollar B, Pirosova M, Malik M, et al. Sleep apnea prediction in acute ischemic stroke (SLAPS score): a derivation study. Sleep Med. 2021;77:23–8.PubMedCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Camilo MR, Machado LA, Castilho CM, Sander HH, Eckeli AL, Fernandes RF, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of positive airway pressure device for sleep apnea detection in acute stroke patients. Stroke. 2020;51(1):324–6.PubMedCrossRef Camilo MR, Machado LA, Castilho CM, Sander HH, Eckeli AL, Fernandes RF, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of positive airway pressure device for sleep apnea detection in acute stroke patients. Stroke. 2020;51(1):324–6.PubMedCrossRef
69.
go back to reference McEvoy RD, Antic NA, Heeley E, Luo Y, Ou Q, Zhang X, et al. CPAP for prevention of cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(10):919–31.PubMedCrossRef McEvoy RD, Antic NA, Heeley E, Luo Y, Ou Q, Zhang X, et al. CPAP for prevention of cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(10):919–31.PubMedCrossRef
70.
go back to reference Sanchez-de-la-Torre M, Sanchez-de-la-Torre A, Bertran S, Abad J, Duran-Cantolla J, Cabriada V, et al. Effect of obstructive sleep apnoea and its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure on the prevalence of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ISAACC study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):359–67.PubMedCrossRef Sanchez-de-la-Torre M, Sanchez-de-la-Torre A, Bertran S, Abad J, Duran-Cantolla J, Cabriada V, et al. Effect of obstructive sleep apnoea and its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure on the prevalence of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ISAACC study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):359–67.PubMedCrossRef
71.•
go back to reference Lin HJ, Yeh JH, Hsieh MT, Hsu CY. Continuous positive airway pressure with good adherence can reduce risk of stroke in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;54:101354. A meta-analysis demonstrating the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure for stroke prevention in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea and good adherence. Lin HJ, Yeh JH, Hsieh MT, Hsu CY. Continuous positive airway pressure with good adherence can reduce risk of stroke in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;54:101354. A meta-analysis demonstrating the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure for stroke prevention in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea and good adherence.
72.
go back to reference Wickwire EM, Bailey MD, Somers VK, Srivastava MC, Scharf SM, Johnson AM, et al. CPAP adherence is associated with reduced risk for stroke among older adult Medicare beneficiaries with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(6):1249–55.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Wickwire EM, Bailey MD, Somers VK, Srivastava MC, Scharf SM, Johnson AM, et al. CPAP adherence is associated with reduced risk for stroke among older adult Medicare beneficiaries with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(6):1249–55.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
73.
go back to reference Barlinn K, Jakubicek S, Siepmann T, Chernyshev OY, Pallesen LP, Wienecke M, et al. Autotitrating bilevel positive airway pressure in large vessel steno-occlusive stroke patients with suspected sleep apnea: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Front Neurol. 2021;12:667494.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Barlinn K, Jakubicek S, Siepmann T, Chernyshev OY, Pallesen LP, Wienecke M, et al. Autotitrating bilevel positive airway pressure in large vessel steno-occlusive stroke patients with suspected sleep apnea: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Front Neurol. 2021;12:667494.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
74.
go back to reference Bernasconi C, Ott SR, Fanfulla F, Miano S, Horvath T, Seiler A, et al. SAS CARE 2 - a randomized study of CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep disordered breathing following ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Sleep Med X. 2020;2:100027.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bernasconi C, Ott SR, Fanfulla F, Miano S, Horvath T, Seiler A, et al. SAS CARE 2 - a randomized study of CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep disordered breathing following ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Sleep Med X. 2020;2:100027.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
75.
go back to reference Haba-Rubio J, Vujica J, Franc Y, Michel P, Heinzer R. Effect of CPAP Treatment of sleep apnea on clinical prognosis after ischemic stroke: an observational study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(6):839–47.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Haba-Rubio J, Vujica J, Franc Y, Michel P, Heinzer R. Effect of CPAP Treatment of sleep apnea on clinical prognosis after ischemic stroke: an observational study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(6):839–47.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
76.
go back to reference Kim H, Im S, Park JI, Kim Y, Sohn MK, Jee S. Improvement of cognitive function after continuous positive airway pressure treatment for subacute stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Sci. 2019;9(10):252.PubMedCentralCrossRef Kim H, Im S, Park JI, Kim Y, Sohn MK, Jee S. Improvement of cognitive function after continuous positive airway pressure treatment for subacute stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Sci. 2019;9(10):252.PubMedCentralCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Boulos MI, Dharmakulaseelan L, Brown DL, Swartz RH. Trials in sleep apnea and stroke: learning from the past to direct future approaches. Stroke. 2021;52(1):366–72.PubMedCrossRef Boulos MI, Dharmakulaseelan L, Brown DL, Swartz RH. Trials in sleep apnea and stroke: learning from the past to direct future approaches. Stroke. 2021;52(1):366–72.PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Khot SP, Barnett HM, Davis AP, Byun E, McCann BS, Bombardier CH, et al. Novel and modifiable factors associated with adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy initiated during stroke rehabilitation: an exploratory analysis of a prospective cohort study. Sleep Med. 2022;97:43–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Khot SP, Barnett HM, Davis AP, Byun E, McCann BS, Bombardier CH, et al. Novel and modifiable factors associated with adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy initiated during stroke rehabilitation: an exploratory analysis of a prospective cohort study. Sleep Med. 2022;97:43–6.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Khot S, Barnett H, Davis A, Siv J, Crane D, Kunze A, et al. Intensive continuous positive airway pressure adherence program during stroke rehabilitation. Stroke. 2019;50(7):1895–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Khot S, Barnett H, Davis A, Siv J, Crane D, Kunze A, et al. Intensive continuous positive airway pressure adherence program during stroke rehabilitation. Stroke. 2019;50(7):1895–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
80.•
go back to reference Kotzian ST, Saletu MT, Schwarzinger A, Haider S, Spatt J, Kranz G, et al. Proactive telemedicine monitoring of sleep apnea treatment improves adherence in people with stroke- a randomized controlled trial (HOPES study). Sleep Med. 2019;64:48–55. A randomized controlled trial that demonstrated that telemedicine ameliorates the adherence of apnea treatment in post-stroke patients. Kotzian ST, Saletu MT, Schwarzinger A, Haider S, Spatt J, Kranz G, et al. Proactive telemedicine monitoring of sleep apnea treatment improves adherence in people with stroke- a randomized controlled trial (HOPES study). Sleep Med. 2019;64:48–55. A randomized controlled trial that demonstrated that telemedicine ameliorates the adherence of apnea treatment in post-stroke patients.
81.••
go back to reference Yeghiazarians Y, Jneid H, Tietjens JR, Redline S, Brown DL, El-Sherif N, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144(3):e56-e67. A statement of American Heart Association on management of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Yeghiazarians Y, Jneid H, Tietjens JR, Redline S, Brown DL, El-Sherif N, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;144(3):e56-e67. A statement of American Heart Association on management of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
82.
go back to reference Duss SB, Brill AK, Baillieul S, Horvath T, Zubler F, Flugel D, et al. Effect of early sleep apnoea treatment with adaptive servo-ventilation in acute stroke patients on cerebral lesion evolution and neurological outcomes: study protocol for a multicentre, randomized controlled, rater-blinded, clinical trial (eSATIS: early sleep apnoea treatment in stroke). Trials. 2021;22(1):83.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Duss SB, Brill AK, Baillieul S, Horvath T, Zubler F, Flugel D, et al. Effect of early sleep apnoea treatment with adaptive servo-ventilation in acute stroke patients on cerebral lesion evolution and neurological outcomes: study protocol for a multicentre, randomized controlled, rater-blinded, clinical trial (eSATIS: early sleep apnoea treatment in stroke). Trials. 2021;22(1):83.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
83.
go back to reference Brown DL, Durkalski V, Durmer JS, Broderick JP, Zahuranec DB, Levine DA, et al. Sleep for stroke management and recovery trial (Sleep SMART): rationale and methods. Int J Stroke. 2020;15(8):923–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Brown DL, Durkalski V, Durmer JS, Broderick JP, Zahuranec DB, Levine DA, et al. Sleep for stroke management and recovery trial (Sleep SMART): rationale and methods. Int J Stroke. 2020;15(8):923–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
84.
go back to reference Chen CY, Chen CL, Yu CC. Trazodone improves obstructive sleep apnea after ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study. J Neurol. 2021;268(8):2951–60.PubMedCrossRef Chen CY, Chen CL, Yu CC. Trazodone improves obstructive sleep apnea after ischemic stroke: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study. J Neurol. 2021;268(8):2951–60.PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Qian S, Zhang X, Wang T, Zhang L, Hu C, Jia R, et al. Effects of comprehensive swallowing intervention on obstructive sleep apnea and dysphagia after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022;31(8):106521.PubMedCrossRef Qian S, Zhang X, Wang T, Zhang L, Hu C, Jia R, et al. Effects of comprehensive swallowing intervention on obstructive sleep apnea and dysphagia after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022;31(8):106521.PubMedCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Svatikova A, Chervin RD, Wing JJ, Sanchez BN, Migda EM, Brown DL. Positional therapy in ischemic stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med. 2011;12(3):262–6.PubMedCrossRef Svatikova A, Chervin RD, Wing JJ, Sanchez BN, Migda EM, Brown DL. Positional therapy in ischemic stroke patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med. 2011;12(3):262–6.PubMedCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Li W, Taskin T, Gautam P, Gamber M, Sun W. Is there an association among sleep duration, nap, and stroke? Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Sleep Breath. 2021;25(1):315–23.PubMedCrossRef Li W, Taskin T, Gautam P, Gamber M, Sun W. Is there an association among sleep duration, nap, and stroke? Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Sleep Breath. 2021;25(1):315–23.PubMedCrossRef
88.
go back to reference Lu C, Liao B, Nie J, Wang W, Wang Y. The association between sleep duration and chronic diseases: a population-based cross-sectional study. Sleep Med. 2020;73:217–22.PubMedCrossRef Lu C, Liao B, Nie J, Wang W, Wang Y. The association between sleep duration and chronic diseases: a population-based cross-sectional study. Sleep Med. 2020;73:217–22.PubMedCrossRef
90.
go back to reference Li J, Zheng D, Loffler KA, Wang X, McEvoy RD, Woodman RJ, et al. Sleep duration and risk of cardiovascular events: the SAVE study. Int J Stroke. 2020;15(8):858–65.PubMedCrossRef Li J, Zheng D, Loffler KA, Wang X, McEvoy RD, Woodman RJ, et al. Sleep duration and risk of cardiovascular events: the SAVE study. Int J Stroke. 2020;15(8):858–65.PubMedCrossRef
91.
go back to reference Krittanawong C, Kumar A, Wang Z, Jneid H, Baber U, Mehran R, et al. Sleep duration and cardiovascular health in a representative community population (from NHANES, 2005 to 2016). Am J Cardiol. 2020;127:149–55.PubMedCrossRef Krittanawong C, Kumar A, Wang Z, Jneid H, Baber U, Mehran R, et al. Sleep duration and cardiovascular health in a representative community population (from NHANES, 2005 to 2016). Am J Cardiol. 2020;127:149–55.PubMedCrossRef
92.•
go back to reference Wang YH, Wang J, Chen SH, Li JQ, Lu QD, Vitiello MV, et al. Association of longitudinal patterns of habitual sleep duration with risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5):e205246. A cohort study on a large population demonstrating that short sleep as well as unstable sleep pattern are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events. Wang YH, Wang J, Chen SH, Li JQ, Lu QD, Vitiello MV, et al. Association of longitudinal patterns of habitual sleep duration with risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5):e205246. A cohort study on a large population demonstrating that short sleep as well as unstable sleep pattern are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events.
93.
go back to reference Ji A, Lou H, Lou P, Xu C, Zhang P, Qiao C, et al. Interactive effect of sleep duration and sleep quality on risk of stroke: an 8-year follow-up study in China. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):8690.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ji A, Lou H, Lou P, Xu C, Zhang P, Qiao C, et al. Interactive effect of sleep duration and sleep quality on risk of stroke: an 8-year follow-up study in China. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):8690.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
94.
go back to reference Zhou L, Yu K, Yang L, Wang H, Xiao Y, Qiu G, et al. Sleep duration, midday napping, and sleep quality and incident stroke: the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. Neurology. 2020;94(4):e345–56.PubMedCrossRef Zhou L, Yu K, Yang L, Wang H, Xiao Y, Qiu G, et al. Sleep duration, midday napping, and sleep quality and incident stroke: the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. Neurology. 2020;94(4):e345–56.PubMedCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Guo Q, Xie W, Peng R, Ma Y, Chong F, Wang Y, et al. A dose-response relationship between sleep duration and stroke according to nonhealth status in Central China: a population-based epidemiology survey. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;28(7):1841–52.PubMedCrossRef Guo Q, Xie W, Peng R, Ma Y, Chong F, Wang Y, et al. A dose-response relationship between sleep duration and stroke according to nonhealth status in Central China: a population-based epidemiology survey. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;28(7):1841–52.PubMedCrossRef
96.
go back to reference Li W, Wang D, Cao S, Yin X, Gong Y, Gan Y, et al. Sleep duration and risk of stroke events and stroke mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Cardiol. 2016;223:870–6.PubMedCrossRef Li W, Wang D, Cao S, Yin X, Gong Y, Gan Y, et al. Sleep duration and risk of stroke events and stroke mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Cardiol. 2016;223:870–6.PubMedCrossRef
97.
go back to reference Titova OE, Yuan S, Baron JA, Lindberg E, Michaelsson K, Larsson SC. Sleep-disordered breathing-related symptoms and risk of stroke: cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis. J Neurol. 2022;269(5):2460–8.PubMedCrossRef Titova OE, Yuan S, Baron JA, Lindberg E, Michaelsson K, Larsson SC. Sleep-disordered breathing-related symptoms and risk of stroke: cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis. J Neurol. 2022;269(5):2460–8.PubMedCrossRef
98.
go back to reference Kwok CS, Kontopantelis E, Kuligowski G, Gray M, Muhyaldeen A, Gale CP, et al. Self-reported sleep duration and quality and cardiovascular disease and mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(15):e008552.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kwok CS, Kontopantelis E, Kuligowski G, Gray M, Muhyaldeen A, Gale CP, et al. Self-reported sleep duration and quality and cardiovascular disease and mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(15):e008552.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
99.
go back to reference Mutti C, Brunetti V, Figorilli M, Liguori C, Pizza F, Proserpio P, et al. Clinical characteristics of a large cohort of patients with narcolepsy candidate for pitolisant: a cross-sectional study from the Italian PASS Wakix(R) Cohort. Neurol Sci. 2022;43(9):5563–74.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mutti C, Brunetti V, Figorilli M, Liguori C, Pizza F, Proserpio P, et al. Clinical characteristics of a large cohort of patients with narcolepsy candidate for pitolisant: a cross-sectional study from the Italian PASS Wakix(R) Cohort. Neurol Sci. 2022;43(9):5563–74.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
100.•
go back to reference Tobaldini E, Fiorelli EM, Solbiati M, Costantino G, Nobili L, Montano N. Short sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk: from pathophysiology to clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16(4):213–24. A review describing the effects of short sleep duration on cardiovascular health and diseases. Tobaldini E, Fiorelli EM, Solbiati M, Costantino G, Nobili L, Montano N. Short sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk: from pathophysiology to clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2019;16(4):213–24. A review describing the effects of short sleep duration on cardiovascular health and diseases.
101.
go back to reference King CR, Knutson KL, Rathouz PJ, Sidney S, Liu K, Lauderdale DS. Short sleep duration and incident coronary artery calcification. JAMA. 2008;300(24):2859–66.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef King CR, Knutson KL, Rathouz PJ, Sidney S, Liu K, Lauderdale DS. Short sleep duration and incident coronary artery calcification. JAMA. 2008;300(24):2859–66.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
102.
go back to reference Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Garcia-Gonzalez M, Ferrer-Hita J, Vargas M, Reiter RJ. Elevated levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and impaired nocturnal synthesis of melatonin in patients with myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis. 2005;180(1):101–5.PubMedCrossRef Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Garcia-Gonzalez M, Ferrer-Hita J, Vargas M, Reiter RJ. Elevated levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and impaired nocturnal synthesis of melatonin in patients with myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis. 2005;180(1):101–5.PubMedCrossRef
103.
go back to reference Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, Young T, Mignot E. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Med. 2004;1(3):e62.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Taheri S, Lin L, Austin D, Young T, Mignot E. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Med. 2004;1(3):e62.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
104.
go back to reference Grandner MA, Sands-Lincoln MR, Pak VM, Garland SN. Sleep duration, cardiovascular disease, and proinflammatory biomarkers. Nat Sci Sleep. 2013;5:93–107.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Grandner MA, Sands-Lincoln MR, Pak VM, Garland SN. Sleep duration, cardiovascular disease, and proinflammatory biomarkers. Nat Sci Sleep. 2013;5:93–107.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
105.
go back to reference Zafar A, Dhruv P, Anwar A, Grigg-Damberger MM. Stroke: what’s sleep got to do with it? J Clin Neurophysiol. 2022;39(5):335–45.PubMedCrossRef Zafar A, Dhruv P, Anwar A, Grigg-Damberger MM. Stroke: what’s sleep got to do with it? J Clin Neurophysiol. 2022;39(5):335–45.PubMedCrossRef
106.
go back to reference Chellappa SL, Vujovic N, Williams JS, Scheer F. Impact of circadian disruption on cardiovascular function and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019;30(10):767–79.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Chellappa SL, Vujovic N, Williams JS, Scheer F. Impact of circadian disruption on cardiovascular function and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019;30(10):767–79.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
108.
go back to reference Corella D, Asensio EM, Coltell O, Sorli JV, Estruch R, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, et al. CLOCK gene variation is associated with incidence of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in type-2 diabetic subjects: dietary modulation in the PREDIMED randomized trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15:4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Corella D, Asensio EM, Coltell O, Sorli JV, Estruch R, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, et al. CLOCK gene variation is associated with incidence of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in type-2 diabetic subjects: dietary modulation in the PREDIMED randomized trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15:4.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
109.
go back to reference Correa-Costa M, Gallo D, Csizmadia E, Gomperts E, Lieberum JL, Hauser CJ, et al. Carbon monoxide protects the kidney through the central circadian clock and CD39. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(10):E2302–10.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Correa-Costa M, Gallo D, Csizmadia E, Gomperts E, Lieberum JL, Hauser CJ, et al. Carbon monoxide protects the kidney through the central circadian clock and CD39. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(10):E2302–10.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
110.
go back to reference Duss SB, Seiler A, Schmidt MH, Pace M, Adamantidis A, Muri RM, et al. The role of sleep in recovery following ischemic stroke: a review of human and animal data. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms. 2017;2:94–105.PubMedCrossRef Duss SB, Seiler A, Schmidt MH, Pace M, Adamantidis A, Muri RM, et al. The role of sleep in recovery following ischemic stroke: a review of human and animal data. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms. 2017;2:94–105.PubMedCrossRef
111.
go back to reference Baglioni C, Nissen C, Schweinoch A, Riemann D, Spiegelhalder K, Berger M, et al. Polysomnographic characteristics of sleep in stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3):e0148496.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Baglioni C, Nissen C, Schweinoch A, Riemann D, Spiegelhalder K, Berger M, et al. Polysomnographic characteristics of sleep in stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3):e0148496.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
112.
go back to reference Nakamizo T, Kanda T, Kudo Y, Sugawara E, Hashimoto E, Okazaki A, et al. Effects of uncomfortable care and histamine H2-antagonists on delirium in acute stroke: a propensity score analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2021;420:117251.PubMedCrossRef Nakamizo T, Kanda T, Kudo Y, Sugawara E, Hashimoto E, Okazaki A, et al. Effects of uncomfortable care and histamine H2-antagonists on delirium in acute stroke: a propensity score analysis. J Neurol Sci. 2021;420:117251.PubMedCrossRef
114.
go back to reference Palomaki H, Berg A, Meririnne E, Kaste M, Lonnqvist R, Lehtihalmes M, et al. Complaints of poststroke insomnia and its treatment with mianserin. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;15(1–2):56–62.PubMedCrossRef Palomaki H, Berg A, Meririnne E, Kaste M, Lonnqvist R, Lehtihalmes M, et al. Complaints of poststroke insomnia and its treatment with mianserin. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2003;15(1–2):56–62.PubMedCrossRef
115.
go back to reference Li LJ, Yang Y, Guan BY, Chen Q, Wang AX, Wang YJ, et al. Insomnia is associated with increased mortality in patients with first-ever stroke: a 6-year follow-up in a Chinese cohort study. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018;3(4):197–202.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Li LJ, Yang Y, Guan BY, Chen Q, Wang AX, Wang YJ, et al. Insomnia is associated with increased mortality in patients with first-ever stroke: a 6-year follow-up in a Chinese cohort study. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018;3(4):197–202.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
116.
go back to reference Glozier N, Moullaali TJ, Sivertsen B, Kim D, Mead G, Jan S, et al. The course and impact of poststroke insomnia in stroke survivors aged 18 to 65 years: results from the psychosocial outcomes in stroke (POISE) study. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra. 2017;7(1):9–20.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Glozier N, Moullaali TJ, Sivertsen B, Kim D, Mead G, Jan S, et al. The course and impact of poststroke insomnia in stroke survivors aged 18 to 65 years: results from the psychosocial outcomes in stroke (POISE) study. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra. 2017;7(1):9–20.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
117.
go back to reference Fleming MK, Smejka T, Henderson Slater D, Chiu EG, Demeyere N, Johansen-Berg H. Self-reported and objective sleep measures in stroke survivors with incomplete motor recovery at the chronic stage. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2021;35(10):851–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Fleming MK, Smejka T, Henderson Slater D, Chiu EG, Demeyere N, Johansen-Berg H. Self-reported and objective sleep measures in stroke survivors with incomplete motor recovery at the chronic stage. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2021;35(10):851–60.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
118.•
go back to reference Baylan S, Griffiths S, Grant N, Broomfield NM, Evans JJ, Gardani M. Incidence and prevalence of post-stroke insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;49:101222. A systematic review and meta-analysis on insomnia characteristics and changes in insomnia prevalence over time in post-stroke patients. Baylan S, Griffiths S, Grant N, Broomfield NM, Evans JJ, Gardani M. Incidence and prevalence of post-stroke insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;49:101222. A systematic review and meta-analysis on insomnia characteristics and changes in insomnia prevalence over time in post-stroke patients.
119.
go back to reference Alvaro PK, Roberts RM, Harris JK. A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Sleep. 2013;36(7):1059–68.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Alvaro PK, Roberts RM, Harris JK. A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Sleep. 2013;36(7):1059–68.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
120.
go back to reference Zhang S, Cheng S, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang A, Zhu W. Related risk factors associated with post-stroke fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci. 2021;42(4):1463–71.PubMedCrossRef Zhang S, Cheng S, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang A, Zhu W. Related risk factors associated with post-stroke fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci. 2021;42(4):1463–71.PubMedCrossRef
121.
go back to reference Xiao M, Huang G, Feng L, Luan X, Wang Q, Ren W, et al. Impact of sleep quality on post-stroke anxiety in stroke patients. Brain Behav. 2020;10(12):e01716.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Xiao M, Huang G, Feng L, Luan X, Wang Q, Ren W, et al. Impact of sleep quality on post-stroke anxiety in stroke patients. Brain Behav. 2020;10(12):e01716.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
122.
go back to reference Dong L, Williams LS, Brown DL, Case E, Morgenstern LB, Lisabeth LD. Prevalence and course of depression during the first year after mild to moderate stroke. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(13):e020494.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dong L, Williams LS, Brown DL, Case E, Morgenstern LB, Lisabeth LD. Prevalence and course of depression during the first year after mild to moderate stroke. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(13):e020494.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
124.
go back to reference Harris AL, Elder J, Schiff ND, Victor JD, Goldfine AM. Post-stroke apathy and hypersomnia lead to worse outcomes from acute rehabilitation. Transl Stroke Res. 2014;5(2):292–300.PubMedCrossRef Harris AL, Elder J, Schiff ND, Victor JD, Goldfine AM. Post-stroke apathy and hypersomnia lead to worse outcomes from acute rehabilitation. Transl Stroke Res. 2014;5(2):292–300.PubMedCrossRef
125.•
go back to reference Jaramillo V, Jendoubi J, Maric A, Mensen A, Heyse NC, Eberhard-Moscicka AK, et al. Thalamic influence on slow wave slope renormalization during sleep. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(5):821–33. A study evaluating by means of high density electroencephalography and polysomnography patients with thalamic stroke showing a role of thalamus in the synpatic homeostasis. Jaramillo V, Jendoubi J, Maric A, Mensen A, Heyse NC, Eberhard-Moscicka AK, et al. Thalamic influence on slow wave slope renormalization during sleep. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(5):821–33. A study evaluating by means of high density electroencephalography and polysomnography patients with thalamic stroke showing a role of thalamus in the synpatic homeostasis.
126.
go back to reference Bivard A, Lillicrap T, Krishnamurthy V, Holliday E, Attia J, Pagram H, et al. MIDAS (modafinil in debilitating fatigue after stroke): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Stroke. 2017;48(5):1293–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bivard A, Lillicrap T, Krishnamurthy V, Holliday E, Attia J, Pagram H, et al. MIDAS (modafinil in debilitating fatigue after stroke): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Stroke. 2017;48(5):1293–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
127.
go back to reference Lundstrom E, Isaksson E, Greilert Norin N, Nasman P, Wester P, Martensson B, et al. Effects of fluoxetine on outcomes at 12 months after acute stroke: results from EFFECTS, a randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2021;52(10):3082–7.PubMedCrossRef Lundstrom E, Isaksson E, Greilert Norin N, Nasman P, Wester P, Martensson B, et al. Effects of fluoxetine on outcomes at 12 months after acute stroke: results from EFFECTS, a randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2021;52(10):3082–7.PubMedCrossRef
128.
go back to reference Collaboration FT. Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10168):265–74.CrossRef Collaboration FT. Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10168):265–74.CrossRef
129.•
go back to reference Kalbouneh HM, Toubasi AA, Albustanji FH, Obaid YY, Al-Harasis LM. Safety and efficacy of SSRIs in improving poststroke recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(13):e025868. A meta-analysis of studies evaluated the role of SSRIs in post-stroke syndrome. Kalbouneh HM, Toubasi AA, Albustanji FH, Obaid YY, Al-Harasis LM. Safety and efficacy of SSRIs in improving poststroke recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(13):e025868. A meta-analysis of studies evaluated the role of SSRIs in post-stroke syndrome.
130.
go back to reference Herron K, Farquharson L, Wroe A, Sterr A. Development and evaluation of a cognitive behavioural intervention for chronic post-stroke insomnia. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2018;46(6):641–60.PubMedCrossRef Herron K, Farquharson L, Wroe A, Sterr A. Development and evaluation of a cognitive behavioural intervention for chronic post-stroke insomnia. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2018;46(6):641–60.PubMedCrossRef
131.
go back to reference Yang J. Acupuncture treatment for post-stroke insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021;44:101396.PubMedCrossRef Yang J. Acupuncture treatment for post-stroke insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021;44:101396.PubMedCrossRef
132.
go back to reference Kim WH, Joa KL, Kim CB, Lee HS, Kang SG, Jung HY, et al. The effect of bright light therapy on sleep and quality of life in patients with poststroke insomnia. Psychosom Med. 2022;84(1):123–30.PubMedCrossRef Kim WH, Joa KL, Kim CB, Lee HS, Kang SG, Jung HY, et al. The effect of bright light therapy on sleep and quality of life in patients with poststroke insomnia. Psychosom Med. 2022;84(1):123–30.PubMedCrossRef
133.
go back to reference Xiao M, Feng L, Wang Q, Luan X, Chen S, He J. The therapeutic effects and safety of bright light therapy combined with escitalopram oxalate on insomnia in patients with poststroke depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;36(1):182–9.PubMedCrossRef Xiao M, Feng L, Wang Q, Luan X, Chen S, He J. The therapeutic effects and safety of bright light therapy combined with escitalopram oxalate on insomnia in patients with poststroke depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;36(1):182–9.PubMedCrossRef
134.
go back to reference Hao SM, Zhong ZG, Qu WM, Huang ZL, Sun FY, Qiu MH. Melatonin supplementation in the subacute phase after ischemia alleviates postischemic sleep disturbances in rats. Brain Behav. 2021;11(10):e2366.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hao SM, Zhong ZG, Qu WM, Huang ZL, Sun FY, Qiu MH. Melatonin supplementation in the subacute phase after ischemia alleviates postischemic sleep disturbances in rats. Brain Behav. 2021;11(10):e2366.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
135.
go back to reference Kamat PK, Khan MB, Wood K, Siddiqui S, Rudic DR, Dhandapani K, et al. Preclinical evaluation of circadian rhythm in ischemic stroke outcomes. Cond Med. 2021;4(6):280–4.PubMedPubMedCentral Kamat PK, Khan MB, Wood K, Siddiqui S, Rudic DR, Dhandapani K, et al. Preclinical evaluation of circadian rhythm in ischemic stroke outcomes. Cond Med. 2021;4(6):280–4.PubMedPubMedCentral
136.
go back to reference Ryu WS, Hong KS, Jeong SW, Park JE, Kim BJ, Kim JT, et al. Association of ischemic stroke onset time with presenting severity, acute progression, and long-term outcome: a cohort study. PLoS Med. 2022;19(2):e1003910.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ryu WS, Hong KS, Jeong SW, Park JE, Kim BJ, Kim JT, et al. Association of ischemic stroke onset time with presenting severity, acute progression, and long-term outcome: a cohort study. PLoS Med. 2022;19(2):e1003910.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
137.
go back to reference Katsanos AH, Kosmidou M, Konitsiotis S, Tsivgoulis G, Fiolaki A, Kyritsis AP, et al. Restless legs syndrome and cerebrovascular/cardiovascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2018;137(1):142–8.PubMedCrossRef Katsanos AH, Kosmidou M, Konitsiotis S, Tsivgoulis G, Fiolaki A, Kyritsis AP, et al. Restless legs syndrome and cerebrovascular/cardiovascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2018;137(1):142–8.PubMedCrossRef
138.
go back to reference Lin TC, Zeng BY, Chen YW, Wu MN, Chen TY, Lin PY, et al. Cerebrovascular accident risk in a population with periodic limb movements of sleep: a preliminary meta-analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;46(1–2):1–9.PubMedCrossRef Lin TC, Zeng BY, Chen YW, Wu MN, Chen TY, Lin PY, et al. Cerebrovascular accident risk in a population with periodic limb movements of sleep: a preliminary meta-analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018;46(1–2):1–9.PubMedCrossRef
140.•
go back to reference Wang XX, Feng Y, Tan EK, Ondo WG, Wu YC. Stroke-related restless legs syndrome: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and pathophysiology. Sleep Med. 2022;90:238–48. A review on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and impact on functional outcome of stroke-related RLS. Wang XX, Feng Y, Tan EK, Ondo WG, Wu YC. Stroke-related restless legs syndrome: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and pathophysiology. Sleep Med. 2022;90:238–48. A review on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and impact on functional outcome of stroke-related RLS.
141.
go back to reference Wu X, Xu J, Lu B. Acute post-stroke restless legs syndrome: the body of caudate nucleus considerations. Sleep Med. 2020;70:66–70.PubMedCrossRef Wu X, Xu J, Lu B. Acute post-stroke restless legs syndrome: the body of caudate nucleus considerations. Sleep Med. 2020;70:66–70.PubMedCrossRef
143.
go back to reference Ruppert E, Hacquard A, Tatu L, Namer IJ, Wolff V, Kremer S, et al. Stroke-related restless legs syndrome: clinical and anatomo-functional characterization of an emerging entity. Eur J Neurol. 2022;29(4):1011–6.PubMedCrossRef Ruppert E, Hacquard A, Tatu L, Namer IJ, Wolff V, Kremer S, et al. Stroke-related restless legs syndrome: clinical and anatomo-functional characterization of an emerging entity. Eur J Neurol. 2022;29(4):1011–6.PubMedCrossRef
144.
go back to reference Medeiros CA, de Bruin PF, Paiva TR, Coutinho WM, Ponte RP, de Bruin VM. Clinical outcome after acute ischaemic stroke: the influence of restless legs syndrome. Eur J Neurol. 2011;18(1):144–9.PubMedCrossRef Medeiros CA, de Bruin PF, Paiva TR, Coutinho WM, Ponte RP, de Bruin VM. Clinical outcome after acute ischaemic stroke: the influence of restless legs syndrome. Eur J Neurol. 2011;18(1):144–9.PubMedCrossRef
145.
go back to reference Boulos MI, Wan A, Black SE, Lim AS, Swartz RH, Murray BJ. Restless legs syndrome after high-risk TIA and minor stroke: association with reduced quality of life. Sleep Med. 2017;37:135–40.PubMedCrossRef Boulos MI, Wan A, Black SE, Lim AS, Swartz RH, Murray BJ. Restless legs syndrome after high-risk TIA and minor stroke: association with reduced quality of life. Sleep Med. 2017;37:135–40.PubMedCrossRef
146.
go back to reference Manconi M, Fanfulla F, Ferri R, Miano S, Haba-Rubio J, Heinzer R, et al. Periodic limb movements during sleep in stroke/TIA: prevalence, course, and cardiovascular burden. Neurology. 2018;90(19):e1663–72.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Manconi M, Fanfulla F, Ferri R, Miano S, Haba-Rubio J, Heinzer R, et al. Periodic limb movements during sleep in stroke/TIA: prevalence, course, and cardiovascular burden. Neurology. 2018;90(19):e1663–72.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
147.
go back to reference Tang WK, Hermann DM, Chen YK, Liang HJ, Liu XX, Chu WC, et al. Brainstem infarcts predict REM sleep behavior disorder in acute ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol. 2014;14:88.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Tang WK, Hermann DM, Chen YK, Liang HJ, Liu XX, Chu WC, et al. Brainstem infarcts predict REM sleep behavior disorder in acute ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol. 2014;14:88.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
148.
go back to reference Tellenbach N, Schmidt MH, Alexiev F, Blondiaux E, Cavalloni F, Bassetti CL, et al. REM sleep and muscle atonia in brainstem stroke: a quantitative polysomnographic and lesion analysis study. J Sleep Res. 2022:e13640. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13640. Tellenbach N, Schmidt MH, Alexiev F, Blondiaux E, Cavalloni F, Bassetti CL, et al. REM sleep and muscle atonia in brainstem stroke: a quantitative polysomnographic and lesion analysis study. J Sleep Res. 2022:e13640. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​jsr.​13640.
Metadata
Title
Sleep and Stroke: Opening Our Eyes to Current Knowledge of a Key Relationship
Authors
Valerio Brunetti
Eleonora Rollo
Aldobrando Broccolini
Giovanni Frisullo
Irene Scala
Giacomo Della Marca
Publication date
03-10-2022
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports / Issue 11/2022
Print ISSN: 1528-4042
Electronic ISSN: 1534-6293
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-022-01234-2

Other articles of this Issue 11/2022

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 11/2022 Go to the issue

Dementia (K.S. Marder, Section Editor)

Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Impairment in Dystonia

Dementia (K.S. Marder, Section Editor)

Vascular Considerations for Amyloid Immunotherapy