Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ASCO Annual Meeting 2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

2024 ASCO Annual Meeting

Keep up to date with all the top stories and latest evidence with our hub page, including official congress videos and expert takeaways.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Injectable Filler | Research

In Vitro evaluation of the effects of whitening toothpastes on the color and surface roughness of different composite resin materials

Authors: Gulben Colak, Gunseli Katirci

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2023

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of traditional and whitening toothpastes on the color and surface roughness of different composite resin materials.

Methods

Eighty disc-shaped samples were prepared for each of the following composite resins: nano-hybrid (Filtek Ultimate Universal; 3 M/ESPE, Saint Paul, USA), micro-hybrid (Charisma Smart; Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) and supra-nano-filled (Omnichroma; Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan). Each composite-resin sample was randomly divided into the following four subgroups (n = 20 per group): Group 1, control; Group 2, traditional toothpaste (Colgate Total 12; Colgate Palmolive, New York, USA); Group 3, peroxide-based toothpaste (Colgate Optic White; Colgate-Palmolive, New York, USA); and Group 4, blue covarine-based toothpaste (Meridol Gentle White; CP-GABA, Hamburg, Germany). The samples for the toothpaste subgroups were immersed in a coffee solution for 10 min and washed twice a day before each brushing cycle. The specimens were brushed for 30 days. Color analyses were performed using a spectrophotometer (SpectroShade Micro, MHT, Italy). Surface roughness analyses were conducted using a profilometer (Surftest SJ-210 Mitutoyo, Tokyo, Japon). The color and surface roughness analyses were performed at baseline and 1, 7 and 30 days after each treatment. Furthermore, surface topography analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG 250-FeiQuanta, the Netherlands). The data were analysed with a three-way robust ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc correction (p < 0.05).

Results

The smallest color change was observed for the micro-hybrid composite resin, and the greatest color change was observed for the nano-hybrid composite resin. Based on the tested composite resin samples, the greatest color change was obtained after using blue covarine–based toothpaste, while the smallest color change was observed after using peroxide-based toothpaste. Moreover, the supra-nano-filled composite resin samples exhibited the lowest roughness values (robust ANOVA test, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of roughness for the composite, group and time interaction (p = 0.937).

Conclusion

Charisma Smart composite resin exhibited significantly lower staining than all the other composite resins tested after using all toothpastes included in the study. Further laboratory and clinical studies are needed to fully understand the long-term effectiveness of whitening toothpaste on composite resin materials.
Literature
1.
Roselino RML, Chinelatti AM, Alandia-Román CC, Pires-de-Souza PCF. Effect of brushing time and dentifrice abrasiveness on color change and surface roughness of resin composites. Braz Dent J. 2015;26:507–13.PubMed
2.
Amaral CM, Rodrigues JA, Erhardt MC, Araujo MW, Marchi GM, Heymann HO, Pimenta LA. Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2006;18:102–8.PubMed
3.
Tomás MBD, Pecci-Lloret PM, Guerrero-Gironés J. Effectiveness and abrasiveness of activated charcoal as a whitening agent: a systematic review of in vitro studies. Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger. 2023;245:151998.PubMed
4.
Ghajari MF, Shamsaei M, Basandeh K, Galouyak MS. Abrasiveness and whitening effect of charcoal-containing whitening toothpastes in permanent teeth. Dent Res J. 2021;18–51.
5.
Viana ÍEL, Weiss GS, Sakae LO, Niemeyer SH, Borges AB, Scaramucci T. Activated charcoal toothpastes do not increase erosive tooth wear. J Dent. 2021;109:103677.PubMed
6.
Casado BGS, Moraes SLD, Souza GFM, Guerra CMF, Souto-Maior JR, Lemos CAA, Vasconcelos BCE, Pellizzer EP. Efficacy of dental bleaching with whitening dentifrices: a systematic review. Int J Dent. 2018;7868531.
7.
Joiner A. Whitening toothpastes: a review of the literature. J Dent. 2010;38:e17–e24.PubMed
8.
Neme AL, Frazier KB, Roeder LB, Debner TL. Effect of prophylactic polishing protocols on the surface roughness of esthetic restorative materials. Oper Dent. 2002;27:50–8.PubMed
9.
Heintze SD, Forjanic M. Roughness of different dental materials before and after simulated toothbrushing in vitro. Oper Dent. 2005;30:617–26.PubMed
10.
Van Loveren C, Duckwort RM. Anti-calculus and whitening toothpastes. Monogr Oral Sci. 2013;23:61–74.PubMed
11.
Collins LZ, Naeeni M, Platten SM. Instant tooth whitening from a silica toothpaste containing blue covarine. J Dent. 2008;36:21–5.
12.
Joiner A, Philpotts CJ, Alonso C, Ashcroft AT, Sygrove NJ. A novel optical approach to achieving tooth whitening. J Dent. 2008;36:8–14.
13.
Vaz PTV, Jubilato PD, Oliveira MRM, Bortolatto FJ, Floros CM, Dantas RAA, Oliveira Junior BO. Whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal, blue covarine, hydrogen peroxide or microbeads: which one is the most effective? J Appl Oral Sci. 2019;27:1–8.
14.
Rodrigues SC, Dala Nora B, Mallmann A, May GL, Jacques BL. Repolishing resin composites after bleaching treatments: Effects on color stability and smoothness. Oper Dent. 2019;44(1):54–64.PubMed
15.
Roopa KB, Basappa N, Prabhakar RA, Raju SO, Gagandeep L. Effect of whitening dentifrice on micro hardness, colour stability and surface roughness of aesthetic restorative materials. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10:ZC06–11.PubMedPubMedCentral
16.
Roselino L, Tonani R, Sbardelotto C, Alves A, Arruda C, Tirapelli C, Pires-de-Souza F. Color stability and surface roughness of composite resins submitted to brushing with bleaching toothpastes: an in situ study. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31:486–92.
17.
Schroder T, Silva BP, Basso RG, Franco CM, Maske TT, Cenci SM. Factors affecting the color stability and staining of esthetic restorations. Odontology. 2019;107:507–12.
18.
Silva MT, Dantas BCD, Franco TT, Franco TL, Huhtala LRFM. Surface degradation of composite resins under staining and brushing challenges. J Dent Sci. 2019;14:87–92.
19.
Rohym S, Tawfeek MH, Kamh R. Effect of coffee on color stability and surface roughness of newly introduced single shade resin composite materials. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23:1–13.
20.
Koç Vural U, Bagdatli Z, Yilmaz EA, Yalçın Çakır F, Altundaşar E, Gurgan S. Effects of charcoal-based whitening toothpastes on human enamel in terms of color, surface roughness, and microhardness: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(10):5977–85.PubMed
21.
Bezgin T, Özer L, Tulga Öz F, Özkan P. Effect of toothbrushing on color changes of esthetic restorative materials. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015;27(Suppl 1):65–S73.
22.
Reinhardt WJ, Balbierz MM, Schultz MC, Simetich B, Beatty WM. Effect of tooth-whitening procedures on stained composite resins. Oper Dent. 2019;44(1):65–75.PubMed
23.
Sharma G, Wu W, Dalal EN. The CIEDE2000 color-difference formula: implementation notes, supplementary test data, and mathematical observations. Color Res Appl. 2005;30:21–30.
24.
Yap AU, Yap SH, Teo CK, Ng JJ. Finishing/polishing of composite and compomer restoratives: effectiveness of one-step systems. Oper Dent. 2004;29:275–9.PubMed
25.
Jones C, Billington R, Pearson G. The in vivo perception of roughness of restorations. Br Dent J. 2004;196:42–5.PubMed
26.
Paolone G, Formiga S, De Palma F, Abbruzzese L, Chirico L, Scolavino S, Goracci C, Cantatore G, Vichi A. Color stability of resin-based composites: staining procedures with liquids-A narrative review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2022;34(6):865–87.PubMed
27.
Ayad NM. Susceptibility of restorative materials to staining by common beverages: an in vitro study. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2007;2:236–47.PubMed
28.
Mehrgan S, Kermanshah H, Omrani RL, Ahmadi E, Rafeie N. Comparison the effect of charcoal-containing, hydrogen peroxide-containing, and abrasive whitening toothpastes on color stability of a resin composite: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2021;19:594.
29.
Hussain SK, Al-Abbasi SW, Refaat MM, Hussain AM. The effect of staining and bleaching on the color of two different types of composite restoration. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13:e1233.PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Paul S, Peter A, Pietrobon N, Hämmerle CH. Visual and spectrophotometric shade analysis of human teeth. J Dent Res. 2002;81:578–82.PubMed
31.
ElAziz RHA, Gadallah LK, Saleh RS. Evaluation of charcoal and sea salt lemon-based whitening toothpastes on color change and surface roughness of stained teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2022;23(2):169–75.PubMed
32.
Mozzaquatro LR, Rodrigues CS, Kaizer MR, Lago M, Mallmann A, Jacques LB. The effect of brushing and aging on the staining and smoothness of resin composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2006;22:211–22.
33.
Nasim I, Neelakantan P, Sujeer R, Subbarao CV. Color stability of microfilled, microhybrid and nanocomposite resins – an in vitro study. J Dent. 2010;38(Suppl 2):137–42.
34.
Choi MS, Lee YK, Lim BS, Yang HC. Changes in surface characteristics of dental resin composites after polishing. J Mater Sci. 2005;16:347–53.
35.
Lee YK, Powers JM. Color changes of resin composites in the reflectance and transmittance modes. Dent Mater. 2007;23:259–64.PubMed
36.
Ertaş E, Güler U, Yücel AC, Köprülü H, Güler E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dent Mater J. 2006;25:371–6.PubMed
37.
Roselino LM, Cruvinel DR, Chinelatti MA, Pires-de-Souza FC. Effect of brushing and accelerated ageing on color stability and surface roughness of composites. J Dent. 2013;41:54–61.
38.
Silva MT, Sales SLLA, Pucci RC, Borges BA, Torres GRC. The combined effect of food-simulating solutions, brushing, and staining on color stability of composite resins. Acta Biomater Odontol Scand. 2017;3:1–7.PubMedPubMedCentral
39.
Scholl JA, Koh AL, Dionne JA. Quantum plasmon resonances of individual metallic nanoparticles. Nature. 2012;483:421–7.PubMed
40.
Soliman YA, Mahmoud EM, Gepreel MH, Aff RR. The ability of coffee to stain nanohybrid composite resins. Alexa Dent J. 2021;46:91–5.
41.
Reddy PS, Tejaswi SLK, Shetty S, Annapoorna MB, Pujari CS, Thippeswamy MH. Effects of commonly consumed beverages on surface roughness and color stability of the nano, micro hybrid and hybrid composite resins: an in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013;14(4):718–23.PubMed
42.
Aydın N, Topçu FT, Karaoğlanoğlu S, Oktay EA, Erdemir U. Effect of finishing and polishing systems on the surface roughness and color change of composite resins. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13(5):e446–454.PubMedPubMedCentral
43.
Oliveira GU, Mondelli RFL, Rodrigues MC, Franco EB, Ishikiriama SK, Wang L. Impact of filler size and distribution on roughness and wear of composite resin after simulated toothbrushing. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20(5):510–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Pires-de-Souza FDP, Garcia LDR, Roselino LDR, Naves LZ. Color stability of silorane-based composites submitted to accelerated artificial ageing-an in situ study. J Dent. 2011;39(Suppl1):18–24.
45.
Yılmaz C, Kanık Ö. Investigation of surface roughness values of various restorative materials after brushing with blue covarine containing whitening toothpaste by two different methods: AFM and profilometer. Microsc Res Tech. 2022;85(2):521–32.PubMed
46.
Bagheri R, Burrow MF, Tyas M. Influence of food-simulating solutions and surface finish on susceptibility to staining of aesthetic restorative materials. J Dent. 2005;33(5):389–98.PubMed
47.
Patil A, Muliya VS, Pentapati KC, Kamath S. Effect of green, tulsi, and areca teas on the color stability of two composite resin materials – an in vitro spectrophotometric analysis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2020;12:423–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Kangwankai K, Sani S, Panpisut P. Monomer conversion, dimensional stability, strength, modulus, surface apatite precipitation and wear of novel, reactive calcium phosphate and polylysine-containing dental composites. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(11):e0187757.PubMedPubMedCentral
49.
Bilmez YZ, Şeker O, Köse HD, Aslan GB. Evaluation of liquid sorption and color stability of dental composites after exposure to common lactation teas. Int Dent Res. 2021;11(Suppl 1):228–33.
Metadata
Title
In Vitro evaluation of the effects of whitening toothpastes on the color and surface roughness of different composite resin materials
Authors
Gulben Colak
Gunseli Katirci
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03277-4

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

BMC Oral Health 1/2023 Go to the issue

Correction

Correction to: Development and validation of a novel index to assess the perceived impact of sports-related oro-dental trauma among adolescents: findings from Sri Lanka

Research

Effect of silver diamine fluoride activation on bond strength to root dentin

Research

Is there any difference based on sublingual varices frequency between hypertensive patients and healthy persons?

Research

Caesarean-section delivery and caries risk of 3-year-old Chinese children: a retrospective cohort study

Research

“Comparing the effectiveness, acceptability and oral hygiene status between vacuum formed retainer and Begg’s retainer”: a pilot study

Research

Efficacy of different irrigant activation techniques for cleaning root canal anastomosis