Top

Clinical Oral Investigations

Published in:

01-04-2016 | Original Article

Influence of the bleaching interval on the luminosity of long-term discolored enamel-dentin discs

Authors: Lucia K. Zaugg, Patrik Lenherr, Judith B. Zaugg, Roland Weiger, Gabriel Krastl

Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Issue 3/2016

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of changing the sodium perborate-tetrahydrate (PBS-4) at a 4-day interval versus no change after 16 days of internal bleaching.

Materials and methods

Two hundred and ten bovine enamel-dentin discs were discolored for 3.5 years with 14 different endodontic materials. All groups with a discoloring index of ∆E _(mean) ≥ 5.5 were included in the present investigation: ApexCal (APCA), MTA white + blood (WMTA+BL), Portland cement + blood (PC+BL), blood (BL), MTA gray (GMTA), MTA gray + blood (GMTA+BL), Ledermix (LED), and triple antibiotic paste containing minocycline (3Mix). Fourteen specimens of each group were randomly assigned into two treatment groups: (1) no change of the PBS-4 (n = 7); (2) change of the PBS-4 every 4 days (n = 7). Color measurements were taken at 10 different time intervals and the L*a*b* values were recorded with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade® compact).

Results

In the group 3Mix, significantly better results were achieved by changing the bleaching agent every 4 days (P = 0.0049; q = 0.04), while the group WMTA+BL indicated better results by no change of the bleaching agent (P = 0.0222, q = 0.09). All remaining groups showed no statistical difference between the two treatment procedures.

Conclusions

Moderate discolorations can be successfully treated without changing the bleaching agent over a period of 16 days. Changing the sodium perborate-tetrahydrate every 4 days is preferred in case of severe discolored enamel-dentin discs only.

Clinical relevance

This approach may offer a reduced number of clinical appointments and a secondary cost reduction to the patient.

Brown G (1965) Factors influencing successful bleaching of the discolored root-filled tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 20:238–244CrossRefPubMed

Davis MC, Walton RE, Rivera EM (2002) Sealer distribution in coronal dentin. J Endod 28:464–466CrossRefPubMed

Gutierrez JH, Guzman M (1968) Tooth discoloration in endodontic procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 26:706–711CrossRefPubMed

Krastl G, Allgayer N, Lenherr P, Filippi A, Taneja P, Weiger R (2013) Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a literature review. Dent Traumatol 29:2–7CrossRefPubMed

Lenherr P, Allgayer N, Weiger R, Filippi A, Attin T, Krastl G (2012) Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic materials: a laboratory study. Int Endod J 45:942–949CrossRefPubMed

van der Burgt TP, Eronat C, Plasschaert AJ (1986) Staining patterns in teeth discolored by endodontic sealers. J Endod 12:187–191CrossRefPubMed

van der Burgt TP, Mullaney TP, Plasschaert AJ (1986) Tooth discoloration induced by endodontic sealers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 61:84–89CrossRefPubMed

Watts A, Addy M (2001) Tooth discolouration and staining: a review of the literature. Br Dent J 190:309–316PubMed

Attin T, Paque F, Ajam F, Lennon AM (2003) Review of the current status of tooth whitening with the walking bleach technique. Int Endod J 36:313–329CrossRefPubMed

10.

Dahl JE, Pallesen U (2003) Tooth bleaching—a critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 14:292–304CrossRefPubMed

11.

Plotino G, Buono L, Grande NM, Pameijer CH, Somma F (2008) Nonvital tooth bleaching: a review of the literature and clinical procedures. J Endod 34:394–407CrossRefPubMed

12.

van der Burgt TP, Plasschaert AJ (1986) Bleaching of tooth discoloration caused by endodontic sealers. J Endod 12:231–234CrossRefPubMed

13.

Westland S (2003) Review of the CIE system of colorimetry and its use in dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent 15:5–12CrossRef

14.

Paul S, Peter A, Pietrobon N, Hammerle CH (2002) Visual and spectrophotometric shade analysis of human teeth. J Dent Res 81:578–582CrossRefPubMed

15.

Valera MC, Camargo CH, Carvalho CA, de Oliveira LD, Camargo SE, Rodrigues CM (2009) Effectiveness of carbamide peroxide and sodium perborate in non-vital discolored teeth. J Appl Oral Sci 17:254–261CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Weiger R, Kuhn A, Lost C (1994) In vitro comparison of various types of sodium perborate used for intracoronal bleaching of discolored teeth. J Endod 20:338–341CrossRefPubMed

17.

Cal E, Sonugelen M, Guneri P, Kesercioglu A, Kose T (2004) Application of a digital technique in evaluating the reliability of shade guides. J Oral Rehabil 31:483–491CrossRefPubMed

18.

Feiz A, Barekatain B, Khalesi S, Khalighinejad N, Badrian H, Swift EJ (2014) Effect of several bleaching agents on teeth stained with a resin-based sealer. Int Endod J 47:3–9CrossRefPubMed

19.

Yui KC, Rodrigues JR, Mancini MN, Balducci I, Goncalves SE (2008) Ex vivo evaluation of the effectiveness of bleaching agents on the shade alteration of blood-stained teeth. Int Endod J 41:485–492CrossRefPubMed

20.

Gehrke P, Riekeberg U, Fackler O, Dhom G (2009) Comparison of in vivo visual, spectrophotometric and colorimetric shade determination of teeth and implant-supported crowns. Int J Comput Dent 12:247–263PubMed

21.

Judeh A, Al-Wahadni A (2009) A comparison between conventional visual and spectrophotometric methods for shade selection. Quintessence Int 40:69–79

22.

Baltzer A, Kaufmann-Jinoian V (2005) Shading of ceramic crowns using digital tooth shade matching devices. Int J Comput Dent 8:129–152PubMed

23.

Lim MY, Lum SO, Poh RS, Lee GP, Lim KC (2004) An in vitro comparison of the bleaching efficacy of 35 % carbamide peroxide with established intracoronal bleaching agents. Int Endod J 37:483–488CrossRefPubMed

24.

Johnston WM, Kao EC (1989) Assessment of appearance match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry. J Dent Res 68:819–822CrossRefPubMed

25.

Nutting EB, Poe GS (1967) Chemical bleaching of discolored endodontically treated teeth. Dent Clin North Am. 655-662

26.

Anitua E, Zabalegui B, Gil J, Gascon F (1990) Internal bleaching of severe tetracycline discolorations: four-year clinical evaluation. Quintessence Int 21:783–788PubMed

27.

Holmstrup G, Palm AM, Lambjerg-Hansen H (1988) Bleaching of discoloured root-filled teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 4:197–201CrossRefPubMed

28.

Madhu K, Hegde S, Mathew S, Lata D, Bhandi SH, N S (2013) Comparison of radicular peroxide leakage from four commonly used bleaching agents following intracoronal bleaching in endodontically treated teeth - an in vitro study. J Int Oral Health 5:49-55

29.

Rotstein I, Mor C, Friedman S (1993) Prognosis of intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate preparation in vitro: 1-year study. J Endod 19:10–12CrossRefPubMed

30.

Rotstein I, Zalkind M, Mor C, Tarabeah A, Friedman S (1991) In vitro efficacy of sodium perborate preparations used for intracoronal bleaching of discolored non-vital teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 7:177–180CrossRefPubMed

31.

Ari H, Ungor M (2002) In vitro comparison of different types of sodium perborate used for intracoronal bleaching of discoloured teeth. Int Endod J 35:433–436CrossRefPubMed

32.

Cardoso M, Martinelli CS, Carvalho CA, Borges AB, Torres CR (2013) Ultrasonic activation of internal bleaching agents. Int Endod J 46:40-46

33.

Kaneko J, Inoue S, Kawakami S, Sano H (2000) Bleaching effect of sodium percarbonate on discolored pulpless teeth in vitro. J Endod 26:25–28CrossRefPubMed

34.

Warren MA, Wong M, Ingram 3rd TA (1990) In vitro comparison of bleaching agents on the crowns and roots of discolored teeth. J Endod 16:463–467CrossRefPubMed

35.

Abbott P, Heah SY (2009) Internal bleaching of teeth: an analysis of 255 teeth. Aust Dent J 54:326–333CrossRefPubMed

36.

Weiger R, Kuhn A, Lost C (1993) Effect of various types of sodium perborate on the pH of bleaching agents. J Endod 19:239–241CrossRefPubMed

37.

O'Brien WJ, Hemmendinger H, Boenke KM, Linger JB, Groh CL (1997) Color distribution of three regions of extracted human teeth. Dent Mater 13:179–185CrossRefPubMed

38.

Day PF, Duggal MS, High AS, Robertson A, Gregg TA, Ashley PF, Welbury RR, Cole BO, Westland S (2011) Discoloration of teeth after avulsion and replantation: results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Endod 37:1052–1057CrossRefPubMed

39.

R Core Team (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/. Accessed 13 June 2013

40.

Freccia WF, Peters DD, Lorton L, Bernier WE (1982) An in vitro comparison of nonvital bleaching techniques in the discolored tooth. J Endod 8:70–77CrossRefPubMed

41.

Gupta SK, Saxena P (2014) Evaluation of patient satisfaction after non-vital bleaching in traumatized discolored intact anterior teeth. Dent Traumatol 30:396–399CrossRefPubMed

42.

Cale AE, Freedman PD, Lumerman H (1988) Pigmentation of the jawbones and teeth secondary to minocycline hydrochloride therapy. J Periodontol 59:12–114CrossRef

43.

Frankel MA, Hawes RR (1964) Tetracycline antibiotics and tooth discoloration. J Oral Ther Pharmacol 1:147–155PubMed

44.

Sanchez AR, Rogers 3rd RS, Sheridan PJ (2004) Tetracycline and other tetracycline-derivative staining of the teeth and oral cavity. Int J Dermatol 43:709–715CrossRefPubMed

45.

Eisenberg E (1975) Anomalies of the teeth with stains and discolorations. J Prev Dent 2(7-14):16–20

46.

Bowles WH, Bokmeyer TJ (1997) Staining of adult teeth by minocycline: binding of minocycline by specific proteins. J Esthet Dent 9:30–34CrossRefPubMed

47.

Good ML, Hussey DL (2003) Minocycline: stain devil? Br J Dermatol 149:237–239CrossRefPubMed

48.

Kim JH, Kim Y, Shin SJ, Park JW, Jung IY (2010) Tooth discoloration of immature permanent incisor associated with triple antibiotic therapy: a case report. J Endod 36:1086–1091CrossRefPubMed

49.

Trope M (2010) Treatment of the immature tooth with a non-vital pulp and apical periodontitis. Dent Clin N Am 54:313–324CrossRefPubMed

50.

Cutress TW (1972) The inorganic composition and solubility of dental enamel from several specified population groups. Arch Oral Biol 17:93–109CrossRefPubMed

51.

Yassen GH, Platt JA, Hara AT (2011) Bovine teeth as substitute for human teeth in dental research: a review of literature. J Oral Sci 53:273–282CrossRefPubMed

Title: Influence of the bleaching interval on the luminosity of long-term discolored enamel-dentin discs
Authors: Lucia K. Zaugg
Patrik Lenherr
Judith B. Zaugg
Roland Weiger
Gabriel Krastl
Publication date: 01-04-2016
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Clinical Oral Investigations / Issue 3/2016
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Electronic ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1545-x

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Influence of the bleaching interval on the luminosity of long-term discolored enamel-dentin discs

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical relevance

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical relevance

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2016

Similarities between a manuscript in Clin Oral Invest (published online 21 July 2015; DOI 10.1007/s00784-015-1530-4) and a former publication (J Investig Clin Dent 2010;1(2):126–32. doi: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2010.00026.x.)

Detection of subgingival periodontal pathogens—comparison of two sampling strategies

The effectiveness of dentifrices without and with sodium lauryl sulfate on plaque, gingivitis and gingival abrasion—a randomized clinical trial

Validity of self-reported periodontal questions in a New Zealand cohort

Occurrence of oral Candida colonization and its risk factors among patients with malignancies in China

Restorative material and loading type influence on the biomechanical behavior of wedge shaped cervical lesions