Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research article

Individual-level predictors of inpatient childhood burn injuries: a case–control study

Authors: Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani, Reza Mohammadi, Shahrokh Amiri, Naeema Syedi, Aydin Tabrizi, Poupak Irandoost, Saeid Safiri

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Burn injuries are considered one of the most preventable public health issue among children; however, are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in Iran. The aim of this study was to assess individual-level predictors of severe burn injuries among children leading to hospitalization, in East Azerbaijan Province, in North-West of Iran.

Methods

The study was conducted through a hospital based case–control design involving 281 burn victims and 273 hospital-based controls who were frequency matched on age, gender and urbanity. Both bivariate and multivariate methods were used to analyze the data.

Results

Mean age of the participants was 40.5 months (95 % CI: 37–44) with the majority of burns occurring at ages between 2 months-13.9 years. It was demonstrated that with increase in the caregiver’s age there was a decrease in the odds of burn injuries (OR = 0.94, 95 % CI: 0.92-0.97). According to the multivariate logistic regression there were independent factors associated with burn injuries including childhood ADHD (OR = 2.82, 95 % CI: 1.68 - 4.76), child’s age (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.67 - 0.80), flammability of clothing (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI: 1.12 - 2.28), daily length of watching television (OR = 1.31, 95 % CI: 1.06 - 1.61), playing outdoors (OR = 1.32, 95 % CI: 1.16 - 1.50) and increment in the economic status (OR = 1.37, 95 % CI: 1.18 - 1.60).

Conclusion

Major risk predictors of burn injuries among the Iranian population included childhood ADHD, child’s age, watching television, playing outdoors, high economic status and flammable clothing.
Literature
1.
Peden M, McGee K, Sharma G. The injury chart book: a graphical overview of the global burden of injuries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002. p. 5.
2.
Safiri S, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Amiri S, Khanjani N, Safarpour H, Karamzad N, et al. Association between adult attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motorcycle traffic injuries in Kerman, Iran: A case–control study. Journal of Clinical Research & Governance. 2013;2(1):17–21.
3.
Poulos RG, Hayen A, Chong SS, Finch CF. Geographic mapping as a tool for identifying communities at high risk of fire and burn injuries in children. Burns. 2009;35(3):417–24.CrossRefPubMed
4.
Rafii MH, Saberi HR, Hosseinpour M, Fakharian E, Mohammadzadeh M. Epidemiology of Pediatric Burn Injuries in Isfahan, Iran. Archives of trauma research. 2012;1(1):27.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Mohammadi R, Svanstrom L, Ekman R, Arshi S, Hekmat S, et al. Epidemiology of minor and moderate burns in rural Ardabil, Iran. Burns. 2010;36(6):933–7.CrossRefPubMed
6.
McLoughlin E, McGuire A. The causes, cost, and prevention of childhood burn injuries. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1990;144(6):677.CrossRef
7.
Mathers C, Fat DM, Boerma JT: The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
8.
Karimi H, Montevalian A, Motabar A, Safari R, Parvas M, Vasigh M. Epidemiology of paediatric burns in Iran. Annals of burns and fire disasters. 2012;25(3):115.PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Arfaie A, Amiri S. Depressive Symptoms Among Survivors of Burn Injuries. Journal of Clinical Research & Governance. 2014;3(1):38–41.
10.
Sadeghi Bazargani H, Arshi S, Ekman R, Mohammadi R. Prevention-oriented epidemiology of burns in Ardabil provincial burn centre, Iran. Burns. 2011;37(3):521–7.CrossRefPubMed
11.
12.
Peck MD. Epidemiology of burns throughout the world. Part I: Distribution and risk factors. Burns. 2011;37(7):1087–100.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Mock C, Quansah R, Krishnan R, Arreola-Risa C, Rivara F. Strengthening the prevention and care of injuries worldwide. Lancet. 2004;363(9427):2172–9.CrossRefPubMed
14.
15.
Sadeghi Bazargani H: Epidemiology and statistical modeling in burn injuries. Stockholm: Inst för folkhälsovetenskap/Dept of Public Health Sciences; 2010
16.
Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Arshi S, Mashoufi M, Deljavan-Anvari R, Meshkini M, Mohammadi R. Household related predictors of burn injuries in an Iranian population: a case–control study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):340.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
17.
Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Mohammadi R. Epidemiology of burns in Iran during the last decade (2000–2010): review of literature and methodological considerations. Burns. 2012;38(3):319–29.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Mangus RS, Bergman D, Zieger M, Coleman JJ. Burn injuries in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Burns. 2004;30(2):148–50.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Badger K, Anderson L, Kagan RJ. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children with burn injuries. J Burn Care Res. 2008;29(5):724–9.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Bangdiwala SI, Mohmmadi R. Applicability of new supervised statistical models to assess burn injury patterns, outcomes, and their interrelationship. AnnBurns FireDisasters. 2011;24(4):191–8.
21.
Arshi S, Bazargani HS, Mohammadi R. Burn injury-specific home safety assessment: a cross-sectional study in Iran. PLoSOne. 2012;7(11), e49412.CrossRef
22.
McKibben JB, Ekselius L, Girasek DC, Gould NF, Holzer C, Rosenberg M, et al. Epidemiology of burn injuries II: psychiatric and behavioural perspectives. IntRevPsychiatry. 2009;21(6):512–21.
23.
Forjuoh SN, Guyer B, Strobino DM, Keyl PM, Ener-West M, Smith GS. Risk factors for childhood burns: a case–control study of Ghanaian children. JEpidemiolCommunity Health. 1995;49(2):189–93.
24.
Othman N, Kendrick D. Risk factors for burns at home in Kurdish preschool children: a case–control study. Inj Prev. 2013;19(3):184–90.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Organization WH. A WHO plan for burn prevention and care. 2008.
26.
Wacholder S, McLaughlin JK, Silverman DT, Mandel JS. Selection of controls in case–control studies. I. Principles. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135(9):1019–28.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Wacholder S, Silverman DT, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS. Selection of controls in case–control studies: II. Types of controls. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135(9):1029–41.CrossRefPubMed
28.
Wacholder S, Silverman DT, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS. Selection of controls in case–control studies: III. Design options. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135(9):1042–50.CrossRefPubMed
29.
Dupaul G, Power T, Anastopoulos A, Reid R. ADHD rating scale-IV, Guilford. New York: NY, USA; 1998.
30.
Jewell NP: Statistics for epidemiology. Berkeley: CRC Press; 2003.
31.
Chien W-C, Pai L, Lin C-C, Chen H-C. Epidemiology of hospitalized burns patients in Taiwan. Burns. 2003;29(6):582–8.CrossRefPubMed
32.
Olawoye O, Iyun A, Ademola S, Michael A, Oluwatosin O. Demographic characteristics and prognostic indicators of childhood burn in a developing country. Burns. 2014.
33.
Laloe V. Epidemiology and mortality of burns in a general hospital of Eastern Sri Lanka. Burns. 2002;28(8):778–81.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Gupta R, Kumar V, Tripathi S. Profile of the fatal burn deaths from the varanasi region, India. J Clin and Diag Res. 2012;608–611.
35.
Hemeda M, Maher A, Mabrouk A. Epidemiology of burns admitted to Ain Shams University burns unit, Cairo, Egypt. Burns. 2003;29(4):353–8.CrossRefPubMed
36.
37.
Klauber MR, Barrett-Connor E, Hofstetter CR, Micik SH. A population-based study of nonfatal childhood injuries. Prev Med. 1986;15(2):139–49.CrossRefPubMed
38.
Brenner RA, Overpeck MD, Trumble AC, DerSimonian R, Berendes H. Deaths attributable to injuries in infants, United States, 1983–1991. Pediatrics. 1999;103(5 Pt 1):968–74.CrossRefPubMed
39.
Libber SM, Stayton DJ. Childhood burns reconsidered: the child, the family, and the burn injury. J Trauma. 1984;24(3):245–52.CrossRefPubMed
40.
Ma WJ, Nie SP, Xu HF, Xu YJ, Zhang YR. Socioeconomic status and the occurrence of non-fatal child pedestrian injury: results from a cross-sectional survey. Saf Sci. 2010;48(6):823–8.CrossRef
41.
Delgado J, Ramirez-Cardich ME, Gilman RH, Lavarello R, Dahodwala N, Bazan A, et al. Risk factors for burns in children: crowding, poverty, and poor maternal education. Inj Prev. 2002;8(1):38–41.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Laursen B, Nielsen JW. Influence of sociodemographic factors on the risk of unintentional childhood home injuries. The European Journal of Public Health. 2008;18(4):366–70.CrossRefPubMed
43.
Howe LD, Galobardes B, Matijasevich A, Gordon D, Johnston D, Onwujekwe O, Patel R, Webb EA, Lawlor DA, Hargreaves JR: Measuring socio-economic position for epidemiological studies in low-and middle-income countries: a methods of measurement in epidemiology paper. International journal of epidemiology 2012, 41(3):871–886.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
44.
Aboubakri O, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Alizadeh-Aghdam M, Imani A, Tabrizi J, et al. Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire for Urban Households (SESIran): The Primary Version. Health PromotPerspect [In Press].
45.
Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Aboubakri O, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Alizadeh-Aghdam M, Imani A, Tabrizi J, et al. Psychometric Properties of the Short and Ultra-short Versions of Socioeconomic Status Assessment Tool for Health Studies in Iran (SES-Iran). J Clin Res Gov. [In Press].
46.
Petridou E, Trichopoulos D, Mera E, Papadatos Y, Papazoglou K, Marantos A, et al. Risk factors for childhood burn injuries: a case–control study from Greece. Burns. 1998;24(2):123–8.CrossRefPubMed
47.
Werneck GL, Reichenheim ME. Paediatric burns and associated risk factors in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Burns. 1997;23(6):478–83.CrossRefPubMed
48.
Liu WJ, Liu W, Lin HS, Zhang WW, Lin R, Mai JC, et al. A matched case–control study on the risk factors of burn injury among primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2010;31(9):979–82.PubMed
49.
van Rijn OJ, Meertens RM, Kok G, Bouter LM. Determinants of behavioural risk factors for burn injuries. Burns. 1991;17(5):364–70.CrossRefPubMed
50.
van Rijn OJ, Bouter LM, Kester AD, Knipschild PG, Meertens RM. Aetiology of burn injuries among children aged 0–4 years: results of a case–control study. Burns. 1991;17(3):213–9.CrossRefPubMed
51.
Daisy S, Mostaque AK, Bari TS, Khan AR, Karim S, Quamruzzaman Q. Socioeconomic and cultural influence in the causation of burns in the urban children of Bangladesh. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2001;22(4):269–73.CrossRefPubMed
52.
Kang JH, Lin HC, Chung SD. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder increased the risk of injury: a population-based follow-up study. Acta Paediatr. 2013;102(6):640–3.CrossRefPubMed
53.
van den Ban E, Souverein P, Meijer W, van EH, Swaab H, Egberts T, et al. Association between ADHD drug use and injuries among children and adolescents. EurChild AdolescPsychiatry. 2014;23(2):95–102.
54.
Tai YM, Gau SS, Gau CS. Injury-proneness of youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a national clinical data analysis in Taiwan. ResDevDisabil. 2013;34(3):1100–8.
55.
Maxson RT, Lawson KA, Pop R, Yuma-Guerrero P, Johnson KM. Screening for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a select sample of injured and uninjured pediatric patients. JPediatrSurg. 2009;44(4):743–8.
56.
Thomas CR, Ayoub M, Rosenberg L, Robert RS, Meyer WJ. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder & pediatric burn injury: a preliminary retrospective study. Burns. 2004;30(3):221–3.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Fritz KM, Butz C. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and pediatric burn injury: important considerations regarding premorbid risk. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19(5):565–9.CrossRefPubMed
58.
Alden NE, Rabbitts A, Rolls JA, Bessey PQ, Yurt RW. Burn injury in patients with early-onset neurological impairments: 2002 ABA paper. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2004;25(1):107–11.CrossRefPubMed
59.
Epstein JN, Conners CK, Erhardt D, Arnold LE, Hechtman L, Hinshaw SP, et al. Familial aggregation of ADHD characteristics. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2000;28(6):585–94.CrossRefPubMed
60.
Loge DV, Staton RD, Beatty WW. Performance of children with ADHD on tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1990;29(4):540–5.CrossRefPubMed
61.
Gustafsson P, Thernlund G, Ryding E, Rosen I, Cederblad M. Associations between cerebral blood-flow measured by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), electro-encephalogram (EEG), behaviour symptoms, cognition and neurological soft signs in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Acta Paediatr. 2000;89(7):830–5.PubMed
62.
Merrill RM, Lyon JL, Baker RK, Gren LH. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and increased risk of injury. Adv Med Sci. 2009;54(1):20–6.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Individual-level predictors of inpatient childhood burn injuries: a case–control study
Authors
Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani
Reza Mohammadi
Shahrokh Amiri
Naeema Syedi
Aydin Tabrizi
Poupak Irandoost
Saeid Safiri
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2799-1

Other articles of this Issue 1/2016

BMC Public Health 1/2016 Go to the issue

Research article

Substance use among Palestinian youth in the West Bank, Palestine: a qualitative investigation

Research article

Feeling angry about current health status: using a population survey to determine the association with demographic, health and social factors

Research article

Effects of an exclusive breastfeeding intervention for six months on growth patterns of 4–5 year old children in Uganda: the cluster-randomised PROMISE EBF trial

Research article

Precarious employment is a risk factor for poor mental health in young individuals in Sweden: a cohort study with multiple follow-ups

Research article

A comparison of intimate partner violence and associated physical injuries between cohabitating and married women: a 5-year medical chart review

Research article

Assessing health impacts of the December 2013 Ice storm in Ontario, Canada