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Journal of Neuroinflammation
Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation 1/2016

Open Access 01-12-2016 | Research

Increased occurrence of protein kinase CK2 in astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease pathology

Authors: Andrea F. N. Rosenberger, Tjado H. J. Morrema, Wouter H. Gerritsen, Elise S. van Haastert, Hripsime Snkhchyan, Riet Hilhorst, Annemieke J. M. Rozemuller, Philip Scheltens, Saskia M. van der Vies, Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans

Published in: Journal of Neuroinflammation | Issue 1/2016

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Abstract

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. In addition to the occurrence of amyloid deposits and widespread tau pathology, AD is associated with a neuroinflammatory response characterized by the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Protein kinase 2 (CK2, former casein kinase II) is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. Previous studies on CK2 in AD showed controversial results, and the involvement of CK2 in neuroinflammation in AD remains elusive.

Methods

In this study, we used immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining methods to investigate the localization of CK2 in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of patients with AD and non-demented controls. We compared protein levels with Western blotting analysis, and we investigated CK2 activity in human U373 astrocytoma cells and human primary adult astrocytes stimulated with IL-1β or TNF-α.

Results

We report increased levels of CK2 in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of AD patients compared to non-demented controls. Immunohistochemical analysis shows CK2 immunoreactivity in astrocytes in AD and control cases. In AD, the presence of CK2 immunoreactive astrocytes is increased. CK2 immunopositive astrocytes are associated with amyloid deposits, suggesting an involvement of CK2 in the neuroinflammatory response. In U373 cells and human primary astrocytes, the selective CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 shows a dose-dependent reduction of the IL-1β or TNF-α induced MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion.

Conclusions

This data suggests that CK2 in astrocytes is involved in the neuroinflammatory response in AD. The reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by human astrocytes using the selective CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 indicates that CK2 could be a potential target to modulate neuroinflammation in AD.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Increased occurrence of protein kinase CK2 in astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Authors
Andrea F. N. Rosenberger
Tjado H. J. Morrema
Wouter H. Gerritsen
Elise S. van Haastert
Hripsime Snkhchyan
Riet Hilhorst
Annemieke J. M. Rozemuller
Philip Scheltens
Saskia M. van der Vies
Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans
Publication date
01-12-2016
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Journal of Neuroinflammation / Issue 1/2016
Electronic ISSN: 1742-2094
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-015-0470-x

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