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Published in: Lung 5/2015

01-10-2015

Increased Galectin-9 Concentration and Number of CD4+Foxp3high+Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia

Authors: Shigeki Katoh, Masaki Ikeda, Hiroki Shimizu, Masaaki Abe, Yoshihiro Ohue, Keiji Mouri, Yoshihiro Kobashi, Mikio Oka

Published in: Lung | Issue 5/2015

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Abstract

Purpose

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding protein that exhibits various biological reactions, such as chemoattraction, cell aggregation, and apoptosis. Recent studies demonstrated that Gal-9 has a role as an immunomodulator in excessive immunological reactions by expanded regulatory T cells (Tregs). We examined the role of Gal-9 in the pathogenesis of one of the major idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) as compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Methods

Gal-9, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin (IL)-10 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with COP and IPF were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) expressing Tregs were evaluated by flow cytometry. The effect of Gal-9 on interactions between human lung fibroblast cells and hyarulonan was assessed in vitro.

Results

Gal-9 and IL-10 levels in the BALF were significantly higher in patients with COP than in patients with IPF. The number of CD4+Foxp3high+cells was significantly higher in the BALF of patients with COP than in those with IPF. Gal-9 levels significantly correlated with the absolute number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+cells or CD4+Foxp3high+cells, but not with the absolute number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3-cells, in the BALF of patients with COP. Gal-9 suppressed the CD44-dependent interaction of human lung fibroblast cells with hyarulonan in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that increased Gal-9 levels in the lung have a protective role against lung inflammation and fibrosis in patients with COP through the induction of Tregs in the lung and CD44-dependent inhibitory effects on lung fibroblast cells.
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Metadata
Title
Increased Galectin-9 Concentration and Number of CD4+Foxp3high+Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
Authors
Shigeki Katoh
Masaki Ikeda
Hiroki Shimizu
Masaaki Abe
Yoshihiro Ohue
Keiji Mouri
Yoshihiro Kobashi
Mikio Oka
Publication date
01-10-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Lung / Issue 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0341-2040
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1750
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-015-9775-x

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