Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
Published in: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Increased Aβ42-α7-like nicotinic acetylcholine receptor complex level in lymphocytes is associated with apolipoprotein E4-driven Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

Authors: Hoau-Yan Wang, Caryn Trocmé-Thibierge, Andres Stucky, Sanket M. Shah, Jessica Kvasic, Amber Khan, Philippe Morain, Isabelle Guignot, Eva Bouguen, Karine Deschet, Maria Pueyo, Elisabeth Mocaer, Pierre-Jean Ousset, Bruno Vellas, Vera Kiyasova

Published in: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) genotype is a prominent late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk factor. ApoE4 disrupts memory function in rodents and may contribute to both plaque and tangle formation.

Methods

Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot detection were used to determine: 1) the effects of select fragments from the apoE low-density lipoprotein (LDL) binding domain and recombinant apoE subtypes on amyloid beta (Aβ)42-α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) interaction and tau phosphorylation in rodent brain synaptosomes; and 2) the level of Aβ42-α7nAChR complexes in matched controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia due to AD with known APOE genotypes.

Results

In an ex vivo study using rodent synaptosomes, apoE141–148 of the apoE promotes Aβ42-α7nAChR association and Aβ42-induced α7nAChR-dependent tau phosphorylation. In a single-blind study, we examined lymphocytes isolated from control subjects, patients with MCI and dementia due to AD with known APOE genotypes, sampled at two time points (1 year apart). APOE ε4 genotype was closely correlated with heightened Aβ42-α7nAChR complex levels and with blunted exogenous Aβ42 effects in lymphocytes derived from AD and MCI due to AD cases. Similarly, plasma from APOE ε4 carriers enhanced the Aβ42-induced Aβ42-α7nAChR association in rat cortical synaptosomes. The progression of cognitive decline in APOE ε4 carriers correlated with higher levels of Aβ42-α7nAChR complexes in lymphocytes and greater enhancement by their plasma of Aβ42-induced Aβ42-α7nAChR association in rat cortical synaptosomes.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that increased lymphocyte Aβ42-α7nAChR-like complexes may indicate the presence of AD pathology especially in APOE ε4 carriers. We show that apoE, especially apoE4, promotes Aβ42-α7nAChR interaction and Aβ42-induced α7nAChR-dependent tau phosphorylation via its apoE141–148 domain. These apoE-mediated effects may contribute to the APOE ε4-driven neurodysfunction and AD pathologies.
Literature
1.
McLean CA, Cherny RA, Fraser FW, Fuller SJ, Smith MJ, Beyreuther K, et al. Soluble pool of Aβ amyloid as a determinant of severity of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol. 1999;46:860–6.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Nagele RG, D’Andrea MR, Anderson WJ, Wang HY. Intracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid(1-42) in neurons is facilitated by the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroscience. 2002;110:199–211.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Wang HY, Li W, Benedetti N, Lee DHS. α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate β-amyloid peptides-induced tau protein phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:31547–53.PubMedCrossRef
4.
Wang HY, Stucky A, Liu J, Shen C, Trocmé-Thibierge C, Morain P. Dissociating β-amyloid from α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by a novel therapeutic agent, S 24795, normalizes α7 nicotinic acetylcholine and NMDA receptor function in Alzheimer’s disease brain. J Neurosci. 2009;29:10961–73.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
5.
Wang HY, Bakshi K, Shen C, Frankfurt M, Trocmé-Thibierge C, Morain P. S 24795 limits β-amyloid-α7 nicotinic receptor interaction and reduces Alzheimer’s disease-like pathologies. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;67:522–30.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Dziewczapolski G, Glogowski CM, Masliah E, Heinemann SF. Deletion of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene improves cognitive deficits and synaptic pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci. 2009;29:8805–15.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
7.
Wang HY, Bakshi K, Frankfurt M, Stucky A, Goberdhan M, Shah SM, et al. Reducing amyloid-related Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis by a small molecule targeting filamin A. J Neurosci. 2012;32(29):9773–84.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
8.
Farrer LA, Cupples LA, Haines JL, Hyman B, Kukull WA, Mayeux R, et al. Effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer disease. A meta-analysis. JAMA. 1997;278:1349–56.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Huang Y. Aβ-independent roles of apolipoprotein E4 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Trends Mol Med. 2010;16:287–94.PubMedCrossRef
10.
11.
Marques MA, Tolar M, Harmony JA, Crutcher KA. A thrombin cleavage fragment of apolipoprotein E exhibits isoform-specific neurotoxicity. Neuroreport. 1996;7:2529–32.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Clay MA, Anantharamaiah GM, Mistry MJ, Balasubramaniam A, Harmony JA. Localization of a domain in apolipoprotein E with both cytostatic and cytotoxic activity. Biochemistry. 1995;34:11142–51.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Tolar M, Marques MA, Harmony JA, Crutcher KA. Neurotoxicity of the 22 kDa thrombin-cleavage fragment of apolipoprotein E and related synthetic peptides is receptor-mediated. J Neurosci. 1997;17:5678–86.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
Schmechel DE, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Crain BJ, Hulette CM, Joo SH, et al. Increased amyloid β-peptide deposition in cerebral cortex as a consequence of apolipoprotein E genotype in late-onset Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:9649–53.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
Ma J, Yee A, Brewer Jr HB, Das S, Potter H. Amyloid-associated proteins alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and apolipoprotein E promote assembly of Alzheimer beta-protein into filaments. Nature. 1994;372:92–4.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Holtzman DM, Fagan AM, Mackey B, Tenkova T, Sartorius L, et al. Apolipoprotein E facilitates neuritic and cerebrovascular plaque formation in an Alzheimer’s disease model. Ann Neurol. 2000;47:739–47.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Irizarry MC, Cheung BS, Rebeck GW, Paul SM, Bales KR, Hyman BT. Apolipoprotein E affects the amount, form, and anatomical distribution of amyloid beta-peptide deposition in homozygous APP(V717F) transgenic mice. Acta Neuropathol. 2000;100:451–8.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Belinson H, Kariv-Inbal Z, Kayed R, Masliah E, Michaelson DM. Following activation of the amyloid cascade, apolipoprotein E4 drives the in vivo oligomerization of amyloid-β resulting in neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;22:959–70.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Zepa L, Frenkel M, Belinson H, Kariv-Inbal Z, Kayed R, Masliah E, et al. ApoE4-driven accumulation of intraneuronal oligomerized Aβ42 following activation of the amyloid cascade in vivo is mediated by a gain of function. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2011. doi:10.​4061/​2011/​792070.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
20.
Miyata M, Smith JD. Apolipoprotein E allele-specific antioxidant activity and effects on cytotoxicity by oxidative insults and beta-amyloid peptides. Nat Genet. 1996;14:55–61.PubMedCrossRef
21.
Herz J, Beffert U. Apolipoprotein E receptors: linking brain development and Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2000;1:51–8.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Veinbergs I, Everson A, Sagara Y, Masliah E. Neurotoxic effects of apolipoprotein E4 are mediated via dysregulation of calcium homeostasis. J Neurosci Res. 2002;67:379–87.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Nathan BP, Bellosta S, Sanan DA, Weisgraber KH, Mahley RW, Pitas RE. Differential effects of apolipoproteins E3 and E4 on neuronal growth in vitro. Science. 1994;264:850–2.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Nathan BP, Chang KC, Bellosta S, Brisch E, Ge N, Mahley RW, et al. The inhibitory effect of apolipoprotein E4 on neurite outgrowth is associated with microtubule depolymerization. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:19791–9.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Goedert M, Weisgraber KH, Dong LM, Jakes R, et al. Isoform-specific interactions of apolipoprotein E with microtubule-associated protein tau: implications for Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:11183–6.
26.
Tesseur I, Van Dorpe J, Bruynseels K, Bronfman F, Sciot R, Van Lommel A, et al. Expression of human apolipoprotein E4 in neurons causes hyperphosphorylation of protein tau in the brains of transgenic mice. Am J Pathol. 2000;156:951–64.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
Huang Y, Liu XQ, Wyss-Coray T, Brecht WJ, Sanan DA, Mahley RW. Apolipoprotein E fragments present in Alzheimer’s disease brains induced neurofibrillary tangles-like intracellular inclusions in neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:8838–43.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
28.
Ljungberg MC, Dayanandan R, Asuni A, Rupniak TH, Anderton BH, Lovestone S. Truncated apoE forms tangle-like structures in a neuronal cell line. Neuroreport. 2002;13:867–70.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Klein RC, Yakel JL. Inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by apolipoprotein E-derived peptides in rat hippocampal slices. Neuroscience. 2004;127:563–7.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Gay EA, Klein RC, Yakel JL. Apolioprotein E-derived peptide block α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;316:835–42.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Gay EA, Bienstock RJ, Lamb PW, Yakel JL. Structural determinates for apolipoprotein E-derived peptide interaction with the α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Mol Pharmacol. 2007;72:838–49.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Wang HY, Lee DH, D’Andrea MR, Peterson PA, Shank RP, Reitz AB. β-amyloid1–42 binds to α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with high affinity: implications for Alzheimer’s disease pathology. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:5626–32.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Wang HY, Lee DH, Davie CB, Shank RP. Amyloid peptide Aβ1–42 binds selectively and with picomolar affinity to 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Neurochem. 2000;75:1155–61.PubMedCrossRef
34.
de Mauleon A, Kiyasova V, Delrieu J, Vellas B, Guignot I, Galtier S, et al. The ROSAS cohort: a prospective, longitudinal study of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease. Strategy, methods and initial results. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2017. doi.10.​14283/​jpad2017.​8.
35.
Araud T, Graw S, Berger R, Lee M, Neveu E, Bertrand D, et al. The chimeric gene CHRFAM7A, a partial duplication of the CHRNA7 gene, is a dominant negative regulator of α7-nAChR function. Biochem Pharmacol. 2011;82:904–14.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
36.
Harris FM, Brecht WJ, Xu Q, Tesseur I, Kekonius L, Wyss-Coray T, et al. Carboxyl-terminal-truncated apolipoprotein E4 causes Alzheimer’s disease-like neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:10966–71.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
Brecht WJ, Harris FM, Chang S, Tesseur I, Yu GQ, Xu Q, et al. Neuron-specific apolipoprotein e4 proteolysis is associated with increased tau phosphorylation in brains of transgenic mice. J Neurosci. 2004;24:2527–34.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
39.
Chang S, ran Ma T, Miranda RD, Balestra ME, Mahley RW, Huang Y. Lipid- and receptor-binding regions of apolipoprotein E4 fragments act in concert to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:18694–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel DE, Gaskell PC, Small GW, et al. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in late onset families. Science. 1993;261:921–3.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Rebeck GW, Reiter JS, Strickland DK, Hyman BT. Apolipoprotein E in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease: allele variation and receptor interactions. Neuron. 1993;11:575–80.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Beydoun MA, Boueiz A, Abougergi MS, Kitner-Triolo MH, Beydoun HA, Resnick SM, et al. Sex differences in the association of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele with incidence of dementia, cognitive impairment, and decline. Neurobiol Aging. 2012;33(4):720–31.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Damoiseaux JS, Seeley WW, Zhou J, Shirer WR, Coppola G, Karydas A, et al. Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging I. Gender modulates the APOE epsilon4 effect in healthy older adults: convergent evidence from functional brain connectivity and spinal fluid tau levels. J Neurosci. 2012;32(24):8254–62.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
44.
Holland D, Desikan RS, Dale AM, McEvoy LK. Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging I. Higher rates of decline for women and apolipoprotein E epsilon4 carriers. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013;34(12):2287–93.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
45.
Altmann A, Tian L, Henderson VW, Greicius MD. Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative I. Sex modifies the APOE-related risk of developing Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol. 2014;75(4):563–73.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
46.
Gandy S, Dekosky ST. APOE ε4 status and traumatic brain injury on the gridiron or on the battlefield. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4:134.CrossRef
47.
Fazekas F, Strasser-Fuchs S, Kollegger H, Berger T, Kristoferitsch W, Schmidt H, et al. Apolipoprotein E ε4 is associated with rapid progression of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2001;57:853–7.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Harhangi BS, de Rijk MC, van Duijn CM, Van Broeckhoven C, Hofman A, Breteler MMB. APOE and the risk of PD with or without dementia in a population-based study. Neurology. 2000;54:1272–6.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Agosta F, Vossel KA, Miller BL, Migliaccio R, Bonasera SJ, Filippi M, et al. Apolipoprotein E ε4 is associated with disease-specific effects on brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:2018–22.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
50.
Aberts MJ, Graffragnino C, McClenny C, DeLong D, Strittmatter W, Saunders AM, et al. ApoE geneotype and survival from intracerebral haemorrhage. Lancet. 1995;345:575.CrossRef
51.
Frieden C, Garai K. Structural differences between apoE3 and apoE4 may be useful in developing therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:8913–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
52.
Bales KR, Verina T, Dodel RC, Du Y, Altstiel L, Bender M, et al. Lack of apolipoprotein E dramatically reduces amyloid beta-peptide deposition. Nat Genet. 1997;17:263–4.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Namba Y, Tomonaga M, Kawasaki H, Otomo E, Ikeda K. Apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity in cerebral amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease and kuru plaque amyloid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Brain Res. 1991;541:163–6.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Polvikoski T, Sulkava R, Haltia M, Kainulainen K, Vuorio A, Verkkoniemi A, et al. Apolipoprotein E, dementia, and cortical deposition of beta-amyloid protein. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1242–7.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Kok E, Haikonen S, Luoto T, Huhtala H, Goebeler S, Haapasalo H, et al. Apolipoprotein E-dependent accumulation of Alzheimer disease-related lesions begins in middle age. Ann Neurol. 2009;65:650–7.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Barthel H, Gertz HJ, Dresel S, Peters O, Bartenstein P, Buerger K, et al. Cerebral amyloid-β PET with florbetaben (18 F) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls: a multicentre phase 2 diagnostic study. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:424–35.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Reiman EM. Fibrillar amyloid-β burden in cognitively normal people at 3 levels of genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106:6820–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
58.
Monsell SE, Kukull WA, Roher AE, Maarouf CL, Serrano G, Beach TG, et al. Characterizing apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers and noncarriers with the clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate Alzheimer dementia and minimal β-amyloid peptide plaques. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(10):1124–31.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
59.
Fleisher AS, Chen K, Liu X, Ayutyanont N, Roontiva A, Thiyyagura P, et al. Apolipoprotein E ε4 and age effects on florbetapir positron emission tomography in healthy aging and Alzheimer disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2013;34:1–12.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Berlau DJ, Corrada MM, Head E, Kawas CH. APOE epsilon2 is associated with intact cognition but increased Alzheimer pathology in the oldest old. Neurology. 2009;72:829–34.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
61.
Aoki K, Uchihara T, Sanjo N, Nakamura A, Ikeda K, Tsuchiya K, et al. Increased expression of neuronal apolipoprotein E in human brain with cerebral infarction. Stroke. 2003;34:875–80.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Huang Y. Apolipoprotein E4: a causative factor and therapeutic target in neuropathology, including Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:5644–51.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
64.
Buttini M, Masliah E, Yu GQ, Palop JJ, Chang S, Bernardo A, et al. Cellular source of apolipoprotein E4 determines neuronal susceptibility to excitotoxic injury in transgenic mice. Am J Pathol. 2010;177:563–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
65.
Skok M, Grailhe R, Agenes F, Changeux J-P. The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in lymphocyte development. J Neuroimmunol. 2006;217:86–98.CrossRef
66.
De Rosa MJ, Dionisio L, Agriello E, Bouzat C, del Esandi MC. Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulates lymphocyte activation. Life Sci. 2009;85:444–9.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Koval LM, Yu Lykhmus O, Omelchenko DM, Komisarenko SV, Skok MV. The role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in B lymphocyte activation. Ukr Biokhim Zh. 2009;81:5–11.
68.
Chu LW, Ma ES, Lam KK, Chan MF, Lee DH. Increased alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein levels in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;19:106–12.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Jones IW, Westmacott A, Chan E, Jones RW, Dineley K, O’Neill MJ, et al. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in Alzheimer’s disease. J Mol Neurosci. 2006;30(Suppl 1–2):83–4.PubMedCrossRef
70.
Mapstone M, Cheema AK, Fiandaca MS, Zhong X, Mhyre TR, et al. Plasma phospholipids identify antecedent memory impairment in older adults. Nat Med. 2014;20:415–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
71.
Derecki NC, Cardani AN, Yang CH, Quinnies KM, Crihfield A, Lynch KR, et al. Regulation of learning and memory by meningeal immunity: a key role for IL-4. J Exp Med. 2010;207:1067–80.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
72.
Yirmiya R, Goshen I. Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25:181–213.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Wang HY, Crupi D, Liu J, Stucky A, Cruciata G, Di Rocco A, et al. rTMS enhances BDNF-TrkB signaling in both brain and lymphocytes. J Neurosci. 2011;31:11044–54.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
74.
Lal H, Bennett M, Bennett D, Forster MJ, Nandy K. Learning deficits occur in young mice following transfer of immunity from senescent mice. Life Sci. 1986;39:507–12.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Nagele E, Han M, Demarshall C, Belinka B, Nagele R. Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease based on disease-specific autoantibody profiles in human sera. PLoS One. 2011;6:e23112.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
76.
Rezai-Zadeh K, Gate D, Szekely CA, Town T. Can peripheral leukocytes be used as Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers? Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9:1623–33.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
77.
Bien-Ly N, Gillespie AK, Walker D, Yoon SY, Huang Y. Reducing human apolipoprotein E levels attenuates age-dependent Abeta accumulation in mutant human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. J Neurosci. 2012;32:4803–11.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
78.
Sadowski MJ, Pankiewicz J, Scholtzova H, Mehta PD, Prelli F, Quartermain D, et al. Blocking the apolipoprotein E/amyloid-beta interaction as a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:18787–92.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
79.
Wang HY, Lee K-C, Pei Z, Khan A, Bakshi K, Burns LH. PTI-125 binds and reverses an altered conformation of filamin A to reduce Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurobiol Aging. 2017 in press.
Metadata
Title
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Increased Aβ42-α7-like nicotinic acetylcholine receptor complex level in lymphocytes is associated with apolipoprotein E4-driven Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis
Authors
Hoau-Yan Wang
Caryn Trocmé-Thibierge
Andres Stucky
Sanket M. Shah
Jessica Kvasic
Amber Khan
Philippe Morain
Isabelle Guignot
Eva Bouguen
Karine Deschet
Maria Pueyo
Elisabeth Mocaer
Pierre-Jean Ousset
Bruno Vellas
Vera Kiyasova
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1758-9193
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-017-0280-8

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 1/2017 Go to the issue

Research

Comparison of CSF markers and semi-quantitative amyloid PET in Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis and in cognitive impairment prognosis using the ADNI-2 database

Research

Cost-effectiveness of cerebrospinal biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

Research

Risk of head and traumatic brain injuries associated with antidepressant use among community-dwelling persons with Alzheimer’s disease: a nationwide matched cohort study

Research

Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, selegiline, reduces 18F-THK5351 uptake in the human brain

Research

Cost of diagnosing dementia in a German memory clinic

Research

A novel Alzheimer’s disease drug candidate targeting inflammation and fatty acid metabolism