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01-05-2015 | Original Article

In vivo correlation between axon diameter and conduction velocity in the human brain

Authors: Assaf Horowitz, Daniel Barazany, Ido Tavor, Moran Bernstein, Galit Yovel, Yaniv Assaf

Published in: Brain Structure and Function | Issue 3/2015

Abstract

The understanding of the relationship between structure and function has always characterized biology in general and neurobiology in particular. One such fundamental relationship is that between axon diameter and the axon’s conduction velocity (ACV). Measurement of these neuronal properties, however, requires invasive procedures that preclude direct elucidation of this relationship in vivo. Here we demonstrate that diffusion-based MRI is sensitive to the fine microstructural elements of brain wiring and can be used to quantify axon diameter in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate the in vivo correlation between the diameter of an axon and its conduction velocity in the human brain. Using AxCaliber, a novel magnetic resonance imaging technique that enables us to estimate in vivo axon diameter distribution (ADD) and by measuring the interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) by electroencephalography, we found significant linear correlation, across a cohort of subjects, between brain microstructure morphology (ADD) and its physiology (ACV) in the tactile and visual sensory domains. The ability to make a quantitative assessment of a fundamental physiological property in the human brain from in vivo measurements of ADD may shed new light on neurological processes occurring in neuroplasticity as well as in neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Title: In vivo correlation between axon diameter and conduction velocity in the human brain
Authors: Assaf Horowitz
Daniel Barazany
Ido Tavor
Moran Bernstein
Galit Yovel
Yaniv Assaf
Publication date: 01-05-2015
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Brain Structure and Function / Issue 3/2015
Print ISSN: 1863-2653
Electronic ISSN: 1863-2661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-014-0871-0

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In vivo correlation between axon diameter and conduction velocity in the human brain

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