Top

International Journal of Behavioral Medicine

Published in:

01-10-2020 | Full length manuscript

In Lieu of Smoking: Are Smokers More Likely to Enact Certain Types of Implementation Intention Plans During a JIT Smoking Cessation?

Authors: Anuja Majmundar, Christian Cerrada, William Fang, Jimi Huh

Published in: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Issue 5/2020

Abstract

Background

To identify actionable and effective implementation intention (II) plans, we examined whether (a) IIs suggesting food or nicotine-based substitution strategies to help quit smoking cigarettes would be more likely to be enacted in real time, (b) IIs reminding participants to cognitively motivate themselves or engage in solitary activity would be more likely to be enacted than those suggesting seeking social support, and (c) II plan enactment based on the above strategies would be associated with reporting momentary lapse avoidance.

Method

A sample of 57 Asian American young adult (18–25 years) smokers participated in a 4-week, mobile-based smoking cessation intervention, implemented in a Just-In-Time framework. User-specified IIs were categorized into nature of activity (cognitively motivate themselves, engage in solitary activity, seek social support) and type of substitution strategy (food, nicotine, no substitution). Outcome variable was momentary enactment of the given II. Generalized mixed linear models were used for analyses.

Results

IIs reminding participants to cognitively motivate themselves and/or engage in solitary activities were more likely to be enacted than IIs recommending seeking social support. IIs recommending nicotine-based substitution were more likely to be enacted than IIs that did not specify any substitution. IIs suggesting food-based substitution, however, were less likely to be enacted than those not suggesting a specific substitution. II plan enactment based on the above strategies was significantly associated with avoiding momentary lapses compared to when momentary lapses occurred.

Conclusion

Specifying II recommendations found to be helpful with avoiding lapses in a smoking cessation context, can increase chances of II enactment, and improve overall health intervention outcomes.

Gollwitzer P. Implementation intentions: strong effects of simple plans. Am Psychol. 1999;54(7):493–503. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.493.CrossRef

Gollwitzer PM, Sheeran P. Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes. Adv Exp Soc Psychol. 2006;69–119.

Armitage CJ. Evidence that implementation intentions can overcome the effects of smoking habits.(Report). Health Psychol. 2016;35(9):935. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000344.CrossRefPubMed

Conner M, Higgins AR. Long-term effects of implementation intentions on prevention of smoking uptake among adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol. 2010;29(5):529–38. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020317.CrossRefPubMed

Mutter ER, Oettingen G, Gollwitzer PM. An online randomised controlled trial of mental contrasting with implementation intentions as a smoking behaviour change intervention. Psychol Health. 2019;35:1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2019.1634200.CrossRef

Gollwitzer PM, Mayer D, Frick C, Oettingen G. Promoting the self-regulation of stress in health care providers: an internet-based intervention. Front Psychol. 2018;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00838.

Marquardt MK, Oettingen G, Gollwitzer PM, Sheeran P, Liepert J. Mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) improves physical activity and weight loss among stroke survivors over one year. Rehab Psychol. 2017;62(4):580–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000104.CrossRef

Loy LS, Wieber F, Gollwitzer PM, Oettingen G. Supporting sustainable food consumption: mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) aligns intentions and behavior. Front Psychol. 2016;7:607. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00607.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tam L, Bagozzi RP, Spanjol J. When planning is not enough: the self-regulatory effect of implementation intentions on changing snacking habits. Health Psychol. 2010;29(3):284–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019071.CrossRefPubMed

10.

Churchill S, Pavey L, Sparks P. The impact of autonomy-framed and control-framed implementation intentions on snacking behaviour: the moderating effect of eating self-efficacy. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2018;11:42–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12142.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Ehret PJ, Sherman DK. Integrating self-affirmation and implementation intentions: effects on college student drinking. Ann Behav Med. 2018;52(8):633–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kax032.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Orbell S, Hodgkins S, Sheeran P. Implementation intentions and the theory of planned behavior. Personal Soc Psychol Bull. 1997;23(9):945–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167297239004.CrossRef

13.

de Vries H, Eggers SM, Bolman C. The role of action planning and plan enactment for smoking cessation. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):393. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-393.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

14.

De Vries H. An integrated approach for understanding health behavior; the I-change model as an example. Psychol Behav Sci Int J. 2017;2(2):555–85.CrossRef

15.

Hagger MS, Luszczynska A. Implementation intention and action planning interventions in health contexts: state of the research and proposals for the way forward. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2014;6(1):1–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12017.CrossRefPubMed

16.

O'Keefe DJ. Standpoint explicitness and persuasive effect: a meta-analytic review of the effects of varying conclusion articulation in persuasive messages. Argument Advocacy. 1997;34(1):1–12.CrossRef

17.

Lechner L, Reubsaet A, Vries HD. From theory to practice: an explorative study into the instrumentality and specificity of implementation intentions AU – Osch, Liesbeth van. Psychol Health. 2010;25(3):351–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440802642155.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Prochaska JO, Velicer WF. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. Am J Health Promot. 1997;12(1):38–48. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.1.38.CrossRefPubMed

19.

Ockene JK. Physician-delivered interventions for smoking cessation: strategies for increasing effectiveness. Prev Med. 1987;16(5):723–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(87)90054-5.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Westmaas JL, Bontemps-Jones J, Bauer JE. Social support in smoking cessation: reconciling theory and evidence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(7):695–707. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntq077.CrossRefPubMed

21.

Armitage CJ. Efficacy of a brief worksite intervention to reduce smoking: the roles of behavioral and implementation intentions. J Occup Health Psychol. 2007;12(4):376–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.4.376.CrossRefPubMed

22.

Mermelstein R, Cohen S, Lichtenstein E, Baer JS, Kamarck T. Social support and smoking cessation and maintenance. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1986;54(4):447–53.CrossRefPubMed

23.

Cooper J, Yong H-H, Balmford J, et al. Motivational factors predict quit attempts but not maintenance of smoking cessation: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four country project. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(suppl_1):S4–S11. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntq050.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

24.

Horn KA, Jipguep-Akhtar MC. Influence of social and neighborhood contexts on smoking cessation among urban minorities AU - Dearfield, Craig T. J Ethn Subst Abus. 2017;18:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2017.1404956.CrossRef

25.

Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross JC. In search of how people change: applications to addictive behaviors. Addict Nurs Netw. 1993;5(1):2–16. https://doi.org/10.3109/10884609309149692.CrossRef

26.

Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1983;51(3):390–5. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.51.3.390.CrossRefPubMed

27.

Alley SJ, Vandelanotte C, Duncan MJ, Short CE, Maher JP, Schoeppe S, et al. Should I sit or stand: likelihood of adherence to messages about reducing sitting time. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):871. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7189-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

28.

Cerrada CJ, Ra CK, Shin H-S, Dzubur E, Huh J. Using ecological momentary assessment to identify common smoking situations among Korean American emerging adults. Prev Sci. 2016;17(7):892–902.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Cerrada CJ, Dzubur E, Blackman KCA, Mays V, Shoptaw S, Huh J. Development of a just-in-time adaptive intervention for smoking cessation among Korean American emerging adults. Intl J Behav Med. 2017;24(5):665–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-016-9628-x.CrossRef

30.

Huh J, Sami M, Abramova ZS, Spruijt-Metz D, Pentz MA. Cigarettes, culture, and Korean American emerging adults:an exploratory qualitative study. West J Nurs Res. 2013;35(9):1205–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945913490840.CrossRefPubMed

31.

Huh J, Cerrada CJ, Kirkpatrick MG, Dunton G, Leventhal AM. Social contexts of momentary craving to smoke among Korean American emerging adults. Addict Behav. 2016;56:23–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.006.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Cerrada CJ, Unger JB, Huh J. Correlates of perceived smoking prevalence among Korean American emerging adults. J Immigr Minor Health. 2016;18(5):1183–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-015-0264-3.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Lisha NE, Delucchi KL, Ling PM, Ramo DE. Prevalence and correlates of social smoking in young adults: comparisons of behavioral and self-identified definitions. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(9):1076–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu242.CrossRefPubMed

34.

Dholakia UM, Bagozzi RP, Gopinath M. How formulating implementation plans and remembering past actions facilitate the enactment of effortful decisions. J Behav Decis Mak. 2007;20(4):343–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.562.CrossRef

35.

Brandstatter V, Lengfelder A, Gollwitzer PM. Implementation intentions and efficient action initiation. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001;81(5):946–60.CrossRefPubMed

36.

Webb TL, Sheeran P. Mechanisms of implementation intention effects: the role of goal intentions, self-efficacy, and accessibility of plan components. Br J Soc Psychol. 2008;47(Pt 3):373–95. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466607X267010.CrossRefPubMed

37.

Webb TL, Sheeran P. How do implementation intentions promote goal attainment? A test of component processes. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2007;43(2):295–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.02.001.CrossRef

38.

Webb TL, Sheeran P. Identifying good opportunities to act: implementation intentions and cue discrimination. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2004;34(4):407–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.205.CrossRef

39.

Fangen K. Social exclusion and inclusion of young immigrants: presentation of an analytical framework. Young. 2010;18(2):133–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/110330881001800202.CrossRef

40.

O'Connell DJ, Gealt R. Sexual minority youth victimization and social support: the intersection of sexuality, gender, race, and victimization AU - button, Deeanna M. J Homosex. 2012;59(1):18–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2011.614903.CrossRefPubMed

41.

McPherson AC. Experiences of social exclusion and bullying at school among children and youth with cerebral palsy AU – Lindsay, Sally. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;34(2):101–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2011.587086.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Initiative T. Rapid increase in young people trying JUUL. 2019. https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/emerging-tobacco-products/behind-explosive-growth-juul.

43.

Spring B, Pagoto S, McChargue D, Hedeker D, Werth J. Altered reward value of carbohydrate snacks for female smokers withdrawn from nicotine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;76(2):351–60.CrossRefPubMed

44.

Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Telang F. Overlapping neuronal circuits in addiction and obesity: evidence of systems pathology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci. 2008;363(1507):3191–200. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0107.CrossRef

45.

Huh J, Cerrada CJ, Dzubur E, Dunton GF, Spruijt-Metz D, Leventhal AM. Effect of a mobile just-in-time implementation intention intervention on momentary smoking lapses in smoking cessation attempts among Asian American young adults. Transl Behav Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz183.

Title: In Lieu of Smoking: Are Smokers More Likely to Enact Certain Types of Implementation Intention Plans During a JIT Smoking Cessation?
Authors: Anuja Majmundar
Christian Cerrada
William Fang
Jimi Huh
Publication date: 01-10-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Issue 5/2020
Print ISSN: 1070-5503
Electronic ISSN: 1532-7558
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-020-09893-6

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

In Lieu of Smoking: Are Smokers More Likely to Enact Certain Types of Implementation Intention Plans During a JIT Smoking Cessation?

Abstract

Background

Method

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Method

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2020

Influence of a Planning Intervention on Physical Activity Behavior: the Moderating Role of Intentions and Executive Functions in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Coping with Weight Stigma Among Adults in a Commercial Weight Management Sample

Does Compassion Predict Blood Pressure and Hypertension? The Modifying Role of Familial Risk for Hypertension

Anxiety Sensitivity and Physical Inactivity in a National Sample of Adults with a History of Myocardial Infarction

A Resilience Intervention for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Proof-of-Concept in Community Health Centers

Technology-Based Psychosocial Intervention to Improve Quality of Life and Reduce Symptom Burden in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial