Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Psychiatric Quarterly 4/2011

01-12-2011 | Original Paper

Implications of Antisocial Parents

Authors: Zachary D. Torry, Stephen B. Billick

Published in: Psychiatric Quarterly | Issue 4/2011

Login to get access

Abstract

Antisocial behavior is a socially maladaptive and harmful trait to possess. This can be especially injurious for a child who is raised by a parent with this personality structure. The pathology of antisocial behavior implies traits such as deceitfulness, irresponsibility, unreliability, and an incapability to feel guilt, remorse, or even love. This is damaging to a child’s emotional, cognitive, and social development. Parents with this personality makeup can leave a child traumatized, empty, and incapable of forming meaningful personal relationships. Both genetic and environmental factors influence the development of antisocial behavior. Moreover, the child with a genetic predisposition to antisocial behavior who is raised with a parental style that triggers the genetic liability is at high risk for developing the same personality structure. Antisocial individuals are impulsive, irritable, and often have no concerns over their purported responsibilities. As a parent, this can lead to erratic discipline, neglectful parenting, and can undermine effective care giving. This paper will focus on the implications of parents with antisocial behavior and the impact that this behavior has on attachment as well as on the development of antisocial traits in children.
Literature
1.
go back to reference DSM-IV-TR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (Text Revision). Arlington, Virginia, American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2000 DSM-IV-TR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (Text Revision). Arlington, Virginia, American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2000
2.
go back to reference Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Ruan WJ, Pickering RP: Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 65:948–958, 2004PubMedCrossRef Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Ruan WJ, Pickering RP: Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 65:948–958, 2004PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Rotter M, Way B, Steinbacher M, Sawyer D, Smith H: Personality disorders in prison: Aren’t they all antisocial? Psychiatric Quarterly December 73(4):337–349, 2002CrossRef Rotter M, Way B, Steinbacher M, Sawyer D, Smith H: Personality disorders in prison: Aren’t they all antisocial? Psychiatric Quarterly December 73(4):337–349, 2002CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Eddy JM, Reid JB: The Antisocial Behavior of the Adolescent Children of Incarcerated Parents: A Developmental Perspective. In: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Asst Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, (Eds). From Prison to Home: The Effect of Incarceration and Reentry on Children, Families, and Communities; 2002 Jan 30–31. Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001 Eddy JM, Reid JB: The Antisocial Behavior of the Adolescent Children of Incarcerated Parents: A Developmental Perspective. In: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Asst Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, (Eds). From Prison to Home: The Effect of Incarceration and Reentry on Children, Families, and Communities; 2002 Jan 30–31. Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001
5.
go back to reference Billick SB, Jackson MB: Evaluating Parents in Child Custody and Abuse Cases and the Utility of Psychological Measures in Screening for Parental Psychopathy or Antisocial Personality. In: Felthous AR, Saß H (Eds) The International Handbook on Psychopathic Disorders and the Law, Vol. II. West Sussex, England, Wiley, pp. 95–112, 2007 Billick SB, Jackson MB: Evaluating Parents in Child Custody and Abuse Cases and the Utility of Psychological Measures in Screening for Parental Psychopathy or Antisocial Personality. In: Felthous AR, Saß H (Eds) The International Handbook on Psychopathic Disorders and the Law, Vol. II. West Sussex, England, Wiley, pp. 95–112, 2007
6.
go back to reference Hare RD: Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder: A case of diagnostic confusion. Psychiatric Times 13(2):39–40, 1996 Hare RD: Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder: A case of diagnostic confusion. Psychiatric Times 13(2):39–40, 1996
7.
go back to reference Pinel P: A Treatise on Insanity in Which are Contained the Principles of a New and More Practical Nosology of Maniacal Disorders than has Yet to be Offered to the Public, Trans. by Davis DD. London, Sheffield, 1806 Pinel P: A Treatise on Insanity in Which are Contained the Principles of a New and More Practical Nosology of Maniacal Disorders than has Yet to be Offered to the Public, Trans. by Davis DD. London, Sheffield, 1806
8.
go back to reference Cleckley H: The Mask of Sanity, Fifth edn. St. Louis, The C.V. Mosby Company, 1976 Cleckley H: The Mask of Sanity, Fifth edn. St. Louis, The C.V. Mosby Company, 1976
9.
go back to reference Hare, RD: The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Toronto, Multi-Health Systems, 1991 Hare, RD: The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Toronto, Multi-Health Systems, 1991
10.
go back to reference Harris GT, Rice ME, Quinsey VL: Violent recidivism of mentally disordered offenders: The development of a statistical prediction instrument. Criminal Justice and Behavior 20(4):315–335, 1993CrossRef Harris GT, Rice ME, Quinsey VL: Violent recidivism of mentally disordered offenders: The development of a statistical prediction instrument. Criminal Justice and Behavior 20(4):315–335, 1993CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Hare RD: Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of Psychopaths Among Us. New York, Pocket Books, 1993 Hare RD: Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of Psychopaths Among Us. New York, Pocket Books, 1993
12.
go back to reference Lykken DT: The Antisocial Personalities, 1st edn. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995 Lykken DT: The Antisocial Personalities, 1st edn. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995
13.
go back to reference Lyons MJ, True WR, Eisen SA, Goldberg J, Meyer JM, Faraone SV, Eaves LJ, Tsuang MT: Differential heritability of adult and juvenile antisocial traits. Archives of General Psychiatry 52(11):906–915, 1995PubMed Lyons MJ, True WR, Eisen SA, Goldberg J, Meyer JM, Faraone SV, Eaves LJ, Tsuang MT: Differential heritability of adult and juvenile antisocial traits. Archives of General Psychiatry 52(11):906–915, 1995PubMed
14.
go back to reference Cadoret RJ, Yates WR, Troughton Ed, Woodworth G, Stewart MA: Genetic-environmental interaction in the genesis of aggressivity and conduct disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 52(11):916–924, 1995.PubMed Cadoret RJ, Yates WR, Troughton Ed, Woodworth G, Stewart MA: Genetic-environmental interaction in the genesis of aggressivity and conduct disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 52(11):916–924, 1995.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt T, Mill J, Martin J, Craig I, Taylor A, Poulton R: Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297(5582):851–854, 2002PubMedCrossRef Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt T, Mill J, Martin J, Craig I, Taylor A, Poulton R: Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science 297(5582):851–854, 2002PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Buckholtz JW, Treadway MT, Cowan RL, Woodward ND, Benning SD, Li R, Ansari MS, Baldwin RM, Schwartzman AM, Shelby ES, Smith CE, Cole D, Kessler RM, Zald DH: Mesolimbic dopamine reward system hypersensitivity in individuals with psychopathic traits. Nature Neuroscience 13:419–421, 2010PubMedCrossRef Buckholtz JW, Treadway MT, Cowan RL, Woodward ND, Benning SD, Li R, Ansari MS, Baldwin RM, Schwartzman AM, Shelby ES, Smith CE, Cole D, Kessler RM, Zald DH: Mesolimbic dopamine reward system hypersensitivity in individuals with psychopathic traits. Nature Neuroscience 13:419–421, 2010PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Miles DR, Carey G: Genetic and environmental architecture of human aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72:207–217, 1997PubMedCrossRef Miles DR, Carey G: Genetic and environmental architecture of human aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72:207–217, 1997PubMedCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Blonigen DM, Carlson SR, Krueger RF, Patrick CJ: A twin study of self-reported psychopathic personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences 35:179–197, 2003.CrossRef Blonigen DM, Carlson SR, Krueger RF, Patrick CJ: A twin study of self-reported psychopathic personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences 35:179–197, 2003.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Blonigen DM, Hicks BM, Krueger RF, Patrick CJ, Iacono WG: Psychopathic personality traits: Heritability and genetic overlap with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Psychological Medicine 35:637–648, 2005PubMedCrossRef Blonigen DM, Hicks BM, Krueger RF, Patrick CJ, Iacono WG: Psychopathic personality traits: Heritability and genetic overlap with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Psychological Medicine 35:637–648, 2005PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Viding ER, Blair JR, Moffitt TE, Plomin R: Evidence for substantial genetic risk for psychopathy in 7-year-olds. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 46(6):592–597, 2005PubMedCrossRef Viding ER, Blair JR, Moffitt TE, Plomin R: Evidence for substantial genetic risk for psychopathy in 7-year-olds. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 46(6):592–597, 2005PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Brennan PA, Grekin ER, Mortensen EL, Mednick SA: Relationship of maternal smoking during pregnancy with criminal arrest and hospitalization for substance abuse in male and female offspring. American Journal of Psychiatry 159:48–54, 2002PubMedCrossRef Brennan PA, Grekin ER, Mortensen EL, Mednick SA: Relationship of maternal smoking during pregnancy with criminal arrest and hospitalization for substance abuse in male and female offspring. American Journal of Psychiatry 159:48–54, 2002PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Andrews TK, Rose FD, Johnson DA: Social and behavioural effects of traumatic brain injury in children. Brain Injury 12 (2):133–138, 1998PubMedCrossRef Andrews TK, Rose FD, Johnson DA: Social and behavioural effects of traumatic brain injury in children. Brain Injury 12 (2):133–138, 1998PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Brower MC, Price BH: Neuropsychiatry of frontal lobe dysfunction in violent and criminal behavior: A critical review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 71:720–726, 2001PubMedCrossRef Brower MC, Price BH: Neuropsychiatry of frontal lobe dysfunction in violent and criminal behavior: A critical review. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 71:720–726, 2001PubMedCrossRef
24.
25.
go back to reference Blair RJR, Morris JS, Frith CD, Perrett DI, Dolan RJ: Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger. Brain 122(5):883–893, 1999PubMedCrossRef Blair RJR, Morris JS, Frith CD, Perrett DI, Dolan RJ: Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger. Brain 122(5):883–893, 1999PubMedCrossRef
26.
go back to reference LaPierre D, Braun CMJ, Hodgins S: Ventral frontal deficits in psychopathy: Neuropsychological test findings. Neuropsychologia 33:139–151, 1995PubMedCrossRef LaPierre D, Braun CMJ, Hodgins S: Ventral frontal deficits in psychopathy: Neuropsychological test findings. Neuropsychologia 33:139–151, 1995PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Hare RD: Psychopathy and physiological activity during anticipation of an aversive stimulus in a distraction paradigm. Psychophysiology 19:266–271, 1982PubMedCrossRef Hare RD: Psychopathy and physiological activity during anticipation of an aversive stimulus in a distraction paradigm. Psychophysiology 19:266–271, 1982PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Feinberg ME, Button TM, Neiderhiser JM, Reiss D, Hetherington EM: Parenting and adolescent antisocial behavior and depression: Evidence of Genotype x parenting environment interaction. Archives of General Psychiatry 64:457–465, 2007PubMedCrossRef Feinberg ME, Button TM, Neiderhiser JM, Reiss D, Hetherington EM: Parenting and adolescent antisocial behavior and depression: Evidence of Genotype x parenting environment interaction. Archives of General Psychiatry 64:457–465, 2007PubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Pruitt DB (Ed): Your Child. New York, American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1998 Pruitt DB (Ed): Your Child. New York, American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1998
30.
go back to reference Fortuna LR, Billick SB: Childhood Attachment, Foster Care and Placement. In: Rosner R (Ed) Principles and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry, Second edn. London, Arnold, pp. 366–369, 2003 Fortuna LR, Billick SB: Childhood Attachment, Foster Care and Placement. In: Rosner R (Ed) Principles and Practice of Forensic Psychiatry, Second edn. London, Arnold, pp. 366–369, 2003
31.
go back to reference Winnicott D: Transitional objects and transitional phenomena. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 34:89–97, 1953PubMed Winnicott D: Transitional objects and transitional phenomena. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 34:89–97, 1953PubMed
32.
go back to reference Baker LA, Mack W, Moffitt TE, Mednick S: Sex differences in property crime in a Danish adoption cohort. Behavioral Genetics 19:355–370, 1989CrossRef Baker LA, Mack W, Moffitt TE, Mednick S: Sex differences in property crime in a Danish adoption cohort. Behavioral Genetics 19:355–370, 1989CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Dogan SJ, Conger RD, Kim KJ, Masyn KE: Cognitive and parenting pathways in the transmission of antisocial behavior from parents to adolescents. Child Development 78(1):335–349, 2007PubMedCrossRef Dogan SJ, Conger RD, Kim KJ, Masyn KE: Cognitive and parenting pathways in the transmission of antisocial behavior from parents to adolescents. Child Development 78(1):335–349, 2007PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Bandura A: Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1977 Bandura A: Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1977
35.
go back to reference Chapman RP: Parenting characteristics in predicting adolescent smoking and drinking expectancies and intentions. Dissertations Abstracts International, 62, 5986B, 2002 Chapman RP: Parenting characteristics in predicting adolescent smoking and drinking expectancies and intentions. Dissertations Abstracts International, 62, 5986B, 2002
36.
go back to reference Stephenson AL, Henry CS, Robinson LC: Family characteristics and adolescent substance abuse. Adolescence 31:59–77, 1996PubMed Stephenson AL, Henry CS, Robinson LC: Family characteristics and adolescent substance abuse. Adolescence 31:59–77, 1996PubMed
37.
go back to reference Conger RD, Rueter MA: Siblings, Parents, and Peers: A Longitudinal Study of Social Influences in Adolescent Risk for Alcohol Use and Abuse. In: Brody GH (Eds) Sibling Relationships: Their Causes and Consequences Advances in Applied Developmental Psychology. New York, Ablex, pp. 1–30, 1996 Conger RD, Rueter MA: Siblings, Parents, and Peers: A Longitudinal Study of Social Influences in Adolescent Risk for Alcohol Use and Abuse. In: Brody GH (Eds) Sibling Relationships: Their Causes and Consequences Advances in Applied Developmental Psychology. New York, Ablex, pp. 1–30, 1996
38.
go back to reference Melby JN, Conger RD, Conger KJ, Lorenz FO: Effects of parental behavior on tobacco use by young male adolescents. Journal of Marriage and the Family 55:439–454, 1993CrossRef Melby JN, Conger RD, Conger KJ, Lorenz FO: Effects of parental behavior on tobacco use by young male adolescents. Journal of Marriage and the Family 55:439–454, 1993CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Patterson GR, DeBaryshe BD, Ramsey E: A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist 44:329–335, 1989PubMedCrossRef Patterson GR, DeBaryshe BD, Ramsey E: A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist 44:329–335, 1989PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Bowlby J: Attachment and Loss, Vol. 2, Separation. New York, Basic Books, 1973 Bowlby J: Attachment and Loss, Vol. 2, Separation. New York, Basic Books, 1973
41.
go back to reference Dozier M, Stovall KC, Albus K: Attachment and Psychopathology in Adulthood. In: Cassidy J, Shaver PR (Eds) Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications. New York, The Guilford Press, pp. 497–519, 1999 Dozier M, Stovall KC, Albus K: Attachment and Psychopathology in Adulthood. In: Cassidy J, Shaver PR (Eds) Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications. New York, The Guilford Press, pp. 497–519, 1999
42.
go back to reference Zanarini MC, Gunderson JG, Marino MF, Schwartz EO, Frankenberg FR: Childhood experiences of borderline patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry 30:18–25, 1989PubMedCrossRef Zanarini MC, Gunderson JG, Marino MF, Schwartz EO, Frankenberg FR: Childhood experiences of borderline patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry 30:18–25, 1989PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Patterson G: A Social Learning Approach to Family Intervention III Coercive Family Process. Eugene, OR, Castalia, 1982 Patterson G: A Social Learning Approach to Family Intervention III Coercive Family Process. Eugene, OR, Castalia, 1982
44.
go back to reference Patterson G, Capaldi D: Antisocial Parents: Unskilled and Vulnerable. In: Cowan PE, Hetherington M (Eds) Family Transitions. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, pp. 195–218, 1991 Patterson G, Capaldi D: Antisocial Parents: Unskilled and Vulnerable. In: Cowan PE, Hetherington M (Eds) Family Transitions. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, pp. 195–218, 1991
45.
go back to reference Patterson G, Forgatch M: Some amplifying mechanisms for pathologic processes in families. In: Gunnar MR, Thelen E (Eds) Systems and Development. Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, Vol. 22. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, pp. 167–209, 1989 Patterson G, Forgatch M: Some amplifying mechanisms for pathologic processes in families. In: Gunnar MR, Thelen E (Eds) Systems and Development. Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, Vol. 22. Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, pp. 167–209, 1989
46.
go back to reference Lipsey MW, Derzon JH: Predictors of Violent or Serious Delinquency in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Synthesis of Longitudinal Research. In: Loeber R, Farrington DP (Eds) Serious & Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, Inc., pp. 86–105, 1998 Lipsey MW, Derzon JH: Predictors of Violent or Serious Delinquency in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: A Synthesis of Longitudinal Research. In: Loeber R, Farrington DP (Eds) Serious & Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, Inc., pp. 86–105, 1998
Metadata
Title
Implications of Antisocial Parents
Authors
Zachary D. Torry
Stephen B. Billick
Publication date
01-12-2011
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Psychiatric Quarterly / Issue 4/2011
Print ISSN: 0033-2720
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6709
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-011-9169-z

Other articles of this Issue 4/2011

Psychiatric Quarterly 4/2011 Go to the issue