Skip to main content
Top
Published in: World Journal of Surgery 12/2018

01-12-2018 | Original Scientific Report

Impact of Micrometastatic Axillary Nodes on Survival of Breast Cancer Patients with Tumors ≤2 cm

Authors: Hyeon Woo Bae, Kwang Hyun Yoon, Joo Heung Kim, Sung Mook Lim, Jee Ye Kim, Hyung Seok Park, Seho Park, Seung Il Kim, Young Up Cho, Byeong-Woo Park

Published in: World Journal of Surgery | Issue 12/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

This study investigated the impact of pN1mi disease on the survival of T1 breast cancer patients and examined the clinical usefulness of the online PREDICT tool and updated staging system.

Methods

The node stages of 2344 patients were divided into pN0, pN1mi, and pN1a. Clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Data for 111 micrometastatic diseases were applied to the PREDICT version 2.0 and re-classified using the 8th edition of the cancer staging manual.

Results

Univariable analyses demonstrated worse disease-free and overall survival rates for patients with node-positive cancer; however, the significance was not maintained in multivariable analyses. Chemotherapy improved outcomes in patients with node-positive and non-luminal A-like subtype cancers. The PREDICT tool demonstrated good performance when estimating the 5-year overall survival for pN1mi disease (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.834). According to the updated staging system, 74% of cases were down-staged to IA, and clearly splitting survival curves were identified.

Conclusion

pN1mi disease alone did not adversely affect survival outcomes. Biologic and treatment factors determined outcomes in cases of small-volume node micrometastasis. The PREDICT tool or new staging classification could help predict the survival of patients with micrometastatic sentinel nodes.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Benson JR, della Rovere GQ (2007) Management of the axilla in women with breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 8(4):331–348CrossRef Benson JR, della Rovere GQ (2007) Management of the axilla in women with breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 8(4):331–348CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Giuliano AE, Ballman KV, McCall L, Beitsch PD, Brennan MB, Kelemen PR et al (2017) Effect of axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection on 10-year overall survival among women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: the ACOSOG Z0011 (alliance) randomized clinical trial. JAMA 318(10):918–926CrossRef Giuliano AE, Ballman KV, McCall L, Beitsch PD, Brennan MB, Kelemen PR et al (2017) Effect of axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection on 10-year overall survival among women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: the ACOSOG Z0011 (alliance) randomized clinical trial. JAMA 318(10):918–926CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Chen SL, Hoehne FM, Giuliano AE (2007) The prognostic significance of micrometastases in breast cancer: a SEER population-based analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 14(12):3378–3384CrossRef Chen SL, Hoehne FM, Giuliano AE (2007) The prognostic significance of micrometastases in breast cancer: a SEER population-based analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 14(12):3378–3384CrossRef
4.
go back to reference de Boer M, van Dijck JA, Bult P, Borm GF, Tjan-Heijnen VC (2010) Breast cancer prognosis and occult lymph node metastases, isolated tumor cells, and micrometastases. J Natl Cancer Inst 102(6):410–425CrossRef de Boer M, van Dijck JA, Bult P, Borm GF, Tjan-Heijnen VC (2010) Breast cancer prognosis and occult lymph node metastases, isolated tumor cells, and micrometastases. J Natl Cancer Inst 102(6):410–425CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Weaver DL, Ashikaga T, Krag DN, Skelly JM, Anderson SJ, Harlow SP et al (2011) Effect of occult metastases on survival in node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 364(5):412–421CrossRef Weaver DL, Ashikaga T, Krag DN, Skelly JM, Anderson SJ, Harlow SP et al (2011) Effect of occult metastases on survival in node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 364(5):412–421CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Hansen NM, Grube B, Ye X, Turner RR, Brenner RJ, Sim MS et al (2009) Impact of micrometastases in the sentinel node of patients with invasive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 27(28):4679–4684CrossRef Hansen NM, Grube B, Ye X, Turner RR, Brenner RJ, Sim MS et al (2009) Impact of micrometastases in the sentinel node of patients with invasive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 27(28):4679–4684CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Houvenaeghel G, Classe JM, Garbay JR, Giard S, Cohen M, Faure C et al (2014) Prognostic value of isolated tumor cells and micrometastases of lymph nodes in early-stage breast cancer: a French sentinel node multicenter cohort study. Breast 23(5):561–566CrossRef Houvenaeghel G, Classe JM, Garbay JR, Giard S, Cohen M, Faure C et al (2014) Prognostic value of isolated tumor cells and micrometastases of lymph nodes in early-stage breast cancer: a French sentinel node multicenter cohort study. Breast 23(5):561–566CrossRef
8.
go back to reference de Boer M, van Deurzen CH, van Dijck JA, Borm GF, van Diest PJ, Adang EM et al (2009) Micrometastases or isolated tumor cells and the outcome of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 361(7):653–663CrossRef de Boer M, van Deurzen CH, van Dijck JA, Borm GF, van Diest PJ, Adang EM et al (2009) Micrometastases or isolated tumor cells and the outcome of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 361(7):653–663CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Galimberti V, Cole BF, Zurrida S, Viale G, Luini A, Veronesi P et al (2013) Axillary dissection versus no axillary dissection in patients with sentinel-node micrometastases (IBCSG 23-01): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 14(4):297–305CrossRef Galimberti V, Cole BF, Zurrida S, Viale G, Luini A, Veronesi P et al (2013) Axillary dissection versus no axillary dissection in patients with sentinel-node micrometastases (IBCSG 23-01): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 14(4):297–305CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Fidler IJ (2003) The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Cancer 3(6):453–458CrossRef Fidler IJ (2003) The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis revisited. Nat Rev Cancer 3(6):453–458CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Klein CA (2009) Parallel progression of primary tumours and metastases. Nat Rev Cancer 9(4):302–312CrossRef Klein CA (2009) Parallel progression of primary tumours and metastases. Nat Rev Cancer 9(4):302–312CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Plichta JK, Campbell BM, Mittendorf EA, Hwang ES (2018) Anatomy and breast cancer staging: is it still relevant? Surg Oncol Clin N Am 27(1):51–67CrossRef Plichta JK, Campbell BM, Mittendorf EA, Hwang ES (2018) Anatomy and breast cancer staging: is it still relevant? Surg Oncol Clin N Am 27(1):51–67CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Ravdin PM, Siminoff LA, Davis GJ, Mercer MB, Hewlett J, Gerson N et al (2001) Computer program to assist in making decisions about adjuvant therapy for women with early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 19(4):980–991CrossRef Ravdin PM, Siminoff LA, Davis GJ, Mercer MB, Hewlett J, Gerson N et al (2001) Computer program to assist in making decisions about adjuvant therapy for women with early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 19(4):980–991CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Wishart GC, Azzato EM, Greenberg DC, Rashbass J, Kearins O, Lawrence G et al (2010) PREDICT: a new UK prognostic model that predicts survival following surgery for invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 12(1):R1CrossRef Wishart GC, Azzato EM, Greenberg DC, Rashbass J, Kearins O, Lawrence G et al (2010) PREDICT: a new UK prognostic model that predicts survival following surgery for invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 12(1):R1CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Candido Dos Reis FJ, Wishart GC, Dicks EM, Greenberg D, Rashbass J, Schmidt MK et al (2017) An updated PREDICT breast cancer prognostication and treatment benefit prediction model with independent validation. Breast Cancer Res 19(1):58CrossRef Candido Dos Reis FJ, Wishart GC, Dicks EM, Greenberg D, Rashbass J, Schmidt MK et al (2017) An updated PREDICT breast cancer prognostication and treatment benefit prediction model with independent validation. Breast Cancer Res 19(1):58CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A (2010) AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 7th edn. Springer, New York Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A (2010) AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 7th edn. Springer, New York
17.
go back to reference Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, Byrd DR, Brookland RK, Washington MK (2017) AJCC cancer staging manual, 8th edn. Springer, New YorkCrossRef Amin MB, Edge SB, Greene FL, Byrd DR, Brookland RK, Washington MK (2017) AJCC cancer staging manual, 8th edn. Springer, New YorkCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Weaver DL (2010) Pathology evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer: protocol recommendations and rationale. Mod Pathol 23(Suppl 2):S26–S32CrossRef Weaver DL (2010) Pathology evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer: protocol recommendations and rationale. Mod Pathol 23(Suppl 2):S26–S32CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Hammond ME, Hayes DF, Dowsett M, Allred DC, Hagerty KL, Badve S et al (2010) American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 28(16):2784–2795CrossRef Hammond ME, Hayes DF, Dowsett M, Allred DC, Hagerty KL, Badve S et al (2010) American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 28(16):2784–2795CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Hicks DG, Dowsett M, McShane LM, Allison KH et al (2013) Recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 31(31):3997–4013CrossRef Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Hicks DG, Dowsett M, McShane LM, Allison KH et al (2013) Recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 31(31):3997–4013CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Mittendorf EA, Ballman KV, McCall LM, Yi M, Sahin AA, Bedrosian I et al (2015) Evaluation of the stage IB designation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 33(10):1119–1127CrossRef Mittendorf EA, Ballman KV, McCall LM, Yi M, Sahin AA, Bedrosian I et al (2015) Evaluation of the stage IB designation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 33(10):1119–1127CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Iqbal J, Ginsburg O, Giannakeas V, Rochon PA, Semple JL, Narod SA (2017) The impact of nodal micrometastasis on mortality among women with early-stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 161(1):103–115CrossRef Iqbal J, Ginsburg O, Giannakeas V, Rochon PA, Semple JL, Narod SA (2017) The impact of nodal micrometastasis on mortality among women with early-stage breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 161(1):103–115CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Pepels MJ, de Boer M, Bult P, van Dijck JA, van Deurzen CH, Menke-Pluymers MB et al (2012) Regional recurrence in breast cancer patients with sentinel node micrometastases and isolated tumor cells. Ann Surg 255(1):116–121CrossRef Pepels MJ, de Boer M, Bult P, van Dijck JA, van Deurzen CH, Menke-Pluymers MB et al (2012) Regional recurrence in breast cancer patients with sentinel node micrometastases and isolated tumor cells. Ann Surg 255(1):116–121CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Houvenaeghel G, Boher JM, Reyal F, Cohen M, Garbay JR, Classe JM et al (2016) Impact of completion axillary lymph node dissection in patients with breast cancer and isolated tumour cells or micrometastases in sentinel nodes. Eur J Cancer 67:106–118CrossRef Houvenaeghel G, Boher JM, Reyal F, Cohen M, Garbay JR, Classe JM et al (2016) Impact of completion axillary lymph node dissection in patients with breast cancer and isolated tumour cells or micrometastases in sentinel nodes. Eur J Cancer 67:106–118CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Lyman GH, Temin S, Edge SB, Newman LA, Turner RR, Weaver DL et al (2014) Sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with early-stage breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 32(13):1365–1383CrossRef Lyman GH, Temin S, Edge SB, Newman LA, Turner RR, Weaver DL et al (2014) Sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with early-stage breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol 32(13):1365–1383CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Mamtani A, Patil S, Stempel M, Morrow M (2017) Axillary micrometastases and isolated tumor cells are not an indication for post-mastectomy radiotherapy in stage 1 and 2 breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 24(8):2182–2188CrossRef Mamtani A, Patil S, Stempel M, Morrow M (2017) Axillary micrometastases and isolated tumor cells are not an indication for post-mastectomy radiotherapy in stage 1 and 2 breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 24(8):2182–2188CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Frazier TG, Fox KR, Smith JS, Laronga C, McSwain A, Paul D et al (2015) A retrospective study of the impact of 21-gene recurrence score assay on treatment choice in node positive micrometastatic breast cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 8(1):107–122CrossRef Frazier TG, Fox KR, Smith JS, Laronga C, McSwain A, Paul D et al (2015) A retrospective study of the impact of 21-gene recurrence score assay on treatment choice in node positive micrometastatic breast cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 8(1):107–122CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Houvenaeghel G, Sabatier R, Reyal F, Classe JM, Giard S, Charitansky H et al (2016) Axillary lymph node micrometastases decrease triple-negative early breast cancer survival. Br J Cancer 115(9):1024–1031CrossRef Houvenaeghel G, Sabatier R, Reyal F, Classe JM, Giard S, Charitansky H et al (2016) Axillary lymph node micrometastases decrease triple-negative early breast cancer survival. Br J Cancer 115(9):1024–1031CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Giuliano AE, Connolly JL, Edge SB, Mittendorf EA, Rugo HS, Solin LJ et al (2017) Breast cancer—major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin 67(4):290–303CrossRef Giuliano AE, Connolly JL, Edge SB, Mittendorf EA, Rugo HS, Solin LJ et al (2017) Breast cancer—major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin 67(4):290–303CrossRef
30.
go back to reference El Hage Chehade H, Wazir U, Mokbel K, Kasem A, Mokbel K (2018) Do online prognostication tools represent a valid alternative to genomic profiling in the context of adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer? A systematic review of the literature. Am J Surg 215(1):171–178CrossRef El Hage Chehade H, Wazir U, Mokbel K, Kasem A, Mokbel K (2018) Do online prognostication tools represent a valid alternative to genomic profiling in the context of adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer? A systematic review of the literature. Am J Surg 215(1):171–178CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Jaffer S, Bleiweiss IJ (2014) Evolution of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer, in and out of vogue? Adv Anat Pathol 21(6):433–442CrossRef Jaffer S, Bleiweiss IJ (2014) Evolution of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer, in and out of vogue? Adv Anat Pathol 21(6):433–442CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Kimbrough CW, McMasters KM, Quillo A, Ajkay N (2015) Occult metastases in node-negative breast cancer: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-based analysis. Surgery 158(2):494–500CrossRef Kimbrough CW, McMasters KM, Quillo A, Ajkay N (2015) Occult metastases in node-negative breast cancer: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-based analysis. Surgery 158(2):494–500CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Impact of Micrometastatic Axillary Nodes on Survival of Breast Cancer Patients with Tumors ≤2 cm
Authors
Hyeon Woo Bae
Kwang Hyun Yoon
Joo Heung Kim
Sung Mook Lim
Jee Ye Kim
Hyung Seok Park
Seho Park
Seung Il Kim
Young Up Cho
Byeong-Woo Park
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
World Journal of Surgery / Issue 12/2018
Print ISSN: 0364-2313
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2323
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-018-4725-4

Other articles of this Issue 12/2018

World Journal of Surgery 12/2018 Go to the issue