Top

Published in:

01-06-2010 | Review

Imaging chronic renal disease and renal transplant in children

Authors: Jim Carmichael, Marina Easty

Published in: Pediatric Radiology | Issue 6/2010

Abstract

At Great Ormond Street Hospital we have the highest number of paediatric renal transplant patients in Europe, taking cases from across the United Kingdom and abroad. Our caseload includes many children with rare complicating medical problems and chronic renal failure related morbidity. This review aims to provide an overview of our experience of imaging children with chronic renal failure and transplants.

The Renal Association (2002) Treatment of adults and children with renal failure, 3rd edn. Royal College of Physicians, London, pp 14–15

Department of Health. The ionising radiation (medical exposure) regulations 2000 SI 1059. London, UK: HMSO, 2000 (amended 2006)

Royal College of Radiologists (2007) Making the best use of clinical radiology services, 6th edn. Royal College of Radiologists, London

Bruyn R (2005) Pediatric ultrasound: how, why and when. Churchill Livingstone, London

Moccia W, Kaude J, Wright P (1980) Evaluation of chronic renal failure by digital gray-scale ultrasound. Urol Radiol 2:171–1091

Lopez Pereira P, Espinosa L, Martinz-Urruntina M (2003) Posterior urethral valves: prognostic factors. BJU Int 91(7):687–690CrossRefPubMed

Eli A, Rabelo S, Eduardo A (2003) Natural history of multicystic kidney conservatively managed: a prospective study. Pediatr Nephrol 19:1102–1107

Wacksman J, Phillips L (1993) Report of the muilticystic kidney registry: preliminary findings. J Urol 10:1870–1872

Narchi H (2005) Risk of Wilms’ tumour with multicystic kidney disease: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child 90:147–149CrossRefPubMed

10.

John U, Rudnick-Sconeborn S, Zerres K (1998) Kidney growth and renal function in unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 12:567–571CrossRefPubMed

11.

Sinha M, Gibson P, Kane T et al (2007) Accuracy of ultrasonic detection of renal scarring in different centres using DMSA as the gold standard. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22(8):2213–2216CrossRefPubMed

12.

Riccabona M, Ring E (2001) Renal agenesis, dysplasia, hypoplasia and cystic diseases of the kidney. In: Fotter R (ed) Pediatric Uroradiology. Springer, New York, pp 229–251

13.

Katzir Z, Witzling M, Nikolov G (2005) Neonates with extras-renal pelvis: the first 2 years. Pediatr Nephrol 20:763–767CrossRefPubMed

14.

Kenda RB, Novljan G, Kenig A et al (2000) Echo-enhanced ultrasound voiding cystography in children: a new approach. Ped Nephrol 14(4):297–300

15.

Darge K, Reidmiller H (2004) Current status of vesicoureteral reflux diagnosis. World J Urol 22:88–95CrossRefPubMed

16.

Sugiura T, Wada A (2009) Resistive index predicts renal prognosis in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dia Transpl 24:278–6

17.

Parolini C, Noce A, Staffolani E et al (2009) Renal resistive index and long-term outcome in chronic nephropathies. Radiology 252(3):888–896

18.

Weiss R, Duckett J, Spitzer A (1992) Results of a randomized clinical trial of medical versus surgical management of infants and children with grades III and IV primary vesicoureteral reflux (United States). The International Reflux Study in Children. Jour Urol 148(5):1667–1673

19.

Gelfand M, Koch B, Elgazzar A et al (1999) Cyclic Cystography: diagnostic yield in selected pediatric populations. Radiology 213:118–120PubMed

20.

Fefferman N, Sabach A, Rivera R et al (2009) The efficacy of digital fluoroscopic image capture in the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux in children. Pediatr Radiol 39:1179–1187CrossRefPubMed

21.

Duncan KA (2007) Antenatal renal pelvic dilatation; the long term outlook. Clin Rad 62(2):0009–9260CrossRef

22.

Kavanagh E, Ryan S, Awan A et al (2005) Can MRI replace DMSA in the detection of renal parenchymal defects in children with urinary tract infections? Pediatr Radiol 35:275–281CrossRefPubMed

23.

Ritchie G, Wilkinson A, Prescott R (2008) Comparison of differential renal function using technetium-99 m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) and technetium-99 m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renography in a paediatric population. Pediatr Radiol 38:857–862CrossRefPubMed

24.

Patlak C, Blasberg R, Fenstermacher J (1983) Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. J Cereb Blood flow metab 5(4):584–590

25.

Nimmon C, Samal M, Britton K (2004) Elimination of the influence of total renal function on renal output efficiency and normalized residual activity. J Nucl Med 45(4):587–594PubMed

26.

Craig W, Wagner B, Travis M (2008) Pyelonephritis: radiologic-pathologic review. Radiogr 28:255–276CrossRef

27.

The Royal College of Radiologists Board of the Faculty of Clinical Radiology (2007) Gadolinium-based Contrast Media and Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis http://www.rcr.ac.uk/docs/radiology/pdf/BFCR0714_Gadolinium_NSF_guidanceNov07.pdf

28.

Mendichovszky I, Marks S, Simcock C et al (2008) Gadolinium and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: time to tighten practice. Pediatr Radiol 38:489–496CrossRefPubMed

29.

Ledneva E, Karie S, Launay-Vacher V et al (2009) Renal safety of gadolinium-based contrast media in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Radiology 250(3):1527–1315CrossRef

30.

Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB et al (1999) A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 130(6):461-470

31.

Riccabona M (2007) (Paediatric) magnetic resonance urography: just fancy images or a new important diagnostic tool? Curr Opin Urol 17:48–55CrossRefPubMed

32.

Grenier N, Basseau F, Ries M et al (2003) Functional MRI of the kidney. Abdom Imaging 28:164–175CrossRefPubMed

33.

Thoeny HC, De Keyzer F, Oyen RH et al (2005) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of kidneys in healthy volunteers and patients with parenchymal diseases: initial experience. Radiology 235:911–917CrossRefPubMed

34.

Muller MF, Prasad PV, Bimmler D et al (1994) Functional imaging of the kidney by means of measurement of the diffusion coeffifcient. Radiology 193:711–715PubMed

35.

Greenbaum L (2008) Renal dysplasia and MRI: a clinicians perspective. Pediatr Radiol 38:s70–s75CrossRefPubMed

36.

Cerwinka W, Gtrattan-Smith J, Kirch A (2008) Magnetic resonance urography in pediatric urology. J Pediatr Urol 4(1):1873–4898CrossRef

37.

Rodriguez L, Spielman D, Herfkens R (2001) Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of hydronephrosis reflux and renal scarring in children. J Urol 166(3):1023–1027CrossRefPubMed

38.

McDaniel B, Jones R, Scherz H et al (2005) Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR urography in the evaluation of pediatric hydronephrosis: Part 2, anatomic and functional assessment of uteropelvic junction obstruction. Am J Roentgenol 185(6):1608–1614

39.

Laissy J, Idee J, Frenandez P et al (2006) Magnetic resonance imaging in acute and chronic kidney diseases: present status. Nephron Clin Pract 103:c50–c57CrossRefPubMed

40.

Pipe J (1999) (1999) Motion correction with PROPELLER MRI: application to head motion and free-breathing cardiac imaging. Magn Reson Med 42:963–969CrossRefPubMed

41.

Meister M, Olsen O, de Bruyn R et al (2008) What is the value of magnetic resonance venography in children before renal transplantation? Pediatr Nephrol 23:1157–1162CrossRefPubMed

42.

Olsen Ø (2008) Iliac venography and angiography pre renal transplant. http://kidsmri.org/GOSH_MRI_Protocols/Iliac venography and angiography pre renal transplant.pdf Accessed January 2010

43.

Sanchez C (2008) Mineral metabolism and bone abnormailites in children with chronic renal failure. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 9:131–137CrossRefPubMed

44.

Waller S, Ridout D, Rees L (2007) Bone mineral density in children with chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 22:121–127CrossRefPubMed

45.

Bakr AM (2004) Bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in children with chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 19(12):1390–1393CrossRefPubMed

46.

Andrade M, Carvalhaes J, Carvalho A et al (2007) Bone mineral density and bone histomorphometry in children on long-term dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 22(10):1767–1772CrossRefPubMed

47.

Lima EM, Goodman WG, Kuizon BD et al (2003) Bone density measurements in pediatric patients with renal osteodystophy. Pediatr Nephrol 18:554–559PubMed

48.

Pluskiewwicz W, Adamczyk P, Drozdzowska B (2003) Skeletal status in children and adolescents with chronic renal failure before onset of dialysis or on dialysis. Osteoporos Int 14:283–288CrossRef

49.

Alkhawaldeh K, Bural G, Alavi A (2007) Visulaization of five hyperplastic parathyroid glands using 99 m Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy in a patient with chronic renal failure. Eur J Nucl Mol Imaging 34:615CrossRef

50.

Faller U, Stegen P, Klaus G et al (1998) Sonographic determination of the thickness of the peritoneum in healthy children and paediatric patients on CAPD. Nephrol Dial Transpl 13(12):3172–3177CrossRef

51.

Karahan O, Taskapan H, Yikilmaz A et al (2005) Ultrasound evaluation of peritoneal catheter tunnel in catheter related infections in CAPD. Int Urol Nephrol 37:363–366CrossRefPubMed

52.

Don S, Kopecky KK, Filo RS et al (1989) Duplex Doppler US of renal allografts: causes of elevated resistive index. Radiology 171:709–712PubMed

53.

Tublin M, Bude R, Platt J (2003) Review, The resistive index in renal Doppler sonography: where do we stand? Am J Roentgenol 180(4):885–892

54.

Dodd GD 3rd, Tublin M, Shah A (1991) Imaging of vascular complications associated with renal transplants. AJR Am J Roentgenol 157(3):449–459PubMed

55.

Tullus K, Roebuck D, McLaren C (2009) Imaging in the evaluation of renovascular disease. Pediatr Nephrol DOI 10.1007/s00467-009-1320-9

56.

Coulthard M, Kier M (2006) Reflux nephropathy in kidney transplants, demonstrated by dimercaptosuccinic acid scanning. Transpl 82(2):205–210

57.

Shroff R, Rees L (2004) The post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder—a literature review. Pediatr Neprol 19:369–377CrossRef

Title: Imaging chronic renal disease and renal transplant in children
Authors: Jim Carmichael
Marina Easty
Publication date: 01-06-2010
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Pediatric Radiology / Issue 6/2010
Print ISSN: 0301-0449
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1998
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-010-1618-6

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Imaging chronic renal disease and renal transplant in children

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 6/2010

Cerebral malformations without antenatal diagnosis

MRI of perinatal brain injury

Vascular anomalies: what a radiologist needs to know

Suspected fetal skeletal malformations or bone diseases: how to explore

Renal cystic diseases in children: new concepts

The role of advanced imaging techniques in cystic fibrosis follow-up: is there a place for MRI?