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01-08-2010 | Original Article

Hypohydration reduces vertical ground reaction impulse but not jump height

Authors: Samuel N. Cheuvront, Robert W. Kenefick, Brett R. Ely, Everett A. Harman, John W. Castellani, Peter N. Frykman, Bradley C. Nindl, Michael N. Sawka

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 6/2010

Abstract

This study examined vertical jump performance using a force platform and weighted vest to determine why hypohydration (~4% body mass) does not improve jump height. Measures of functional performance from a force platform were determined for 15 healthy and active males when euhydrated (EUH), hypohydrated (HYP) and hypohydrated while wearing a weighted vest (HYP_v) adjusted to precisely match water mass losses. HYP produced a significant loss of body mass [−3.2 ± 0.5 kg (−3.8 ± 0.6%); P < 0.05], but body mass in HYP_v was not different from EUH. There were no differences in absolute or relative peak force or power among trials. Jump height was not different between EUH (0.380 ± 0.048 m) and HYP (0.384 ± 0.050 m), but was 4% lower (P < 0.05) in HYP_v (0.365 ± 0.52 m) than EUH due to a lower jump velocity between HYP_v and EUH only (P < 0.05). However, vertical ground reaction impulse (VGRI) was reduced in both HYP and HYP_v (2–3%) compared with EUH (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the failure to improve jump height when HYP can be explained by offsetting reductions in both VGRI and body mass.

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Assumes work (force × distance) is unchanged by hypohydration, rather than impulse (force × time) (Viitasalo et al. 1987), since a lighter body mass would be accelerated faster if force remained constant, thereby reducing impulse by shortening the time of force application. As a result, the level of hypohydration (e.g., 4%) is equivalent to the theoretical percent improvement in jump height. [Note: If impulse remained constant, the denominator of the equation above would become squared and the theoretical improvement would be double the level of hypohydration (e.g., 8%).]

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Title: Hypohydration reduces vertical ground reaction impulse but not jump height
Authors: Samuel N. Cheuvront
Robert W. Kenefick
Brett R. Ely
Everett A. Harman
John W. Castellani
Peter N. Frykman
Bradley C. Nindl
Michael N. Sawka
Publication date: 01-08-2010
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 6/2010
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1458-y

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Hypohydration reduces vertical ground reaction impulse but not jump height

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