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Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology
Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 1/2005

01-11-2005

Hormone treatment for prostate cancer: current issues and future directions

Authors: Tomohiko Ichikawa, Hiroyoshi Suzuki, Takeshi Ueda, Akira Komiya, Takashi Imamoto, Satoko Kojima

Published in: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology | Special Issue 1/2005

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Abstract

Most prostate cancers are androgen-dependent and essentially respond to androgen ablation therapy. However, these tumors eventually become androgen-independent and progress despite androgen ablation. Since the androgen receptor (AR) sequence was determined, numerous studies have shown that AR plays a critical role in the development of androgen-refractory prostate cancer. Amplification of AR, mutations of AR, and deregulation of growth factors, cytokines and AR co-activators, which could be classified as AR-dependent pathways, are frequently observed in this condition. There are other pathways, AR-independent pathways that bypass AR, which involve neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells, deregulation of apoptotic genes and unknown mechanisms related to down-regulation of AR. Androgen-refractory prostate cancers with the AR-dependent pathway could be treated by suppressing AR activity, whereas AR-independent tumors would require alternative management strategies. When more cell survival pathways are defined, improvement of patients’ survival could be achieved by developing specific gene-targeting therapies that interfere with those pathways.
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Metadata
Title
Hormone treatment for prostate cancer: current issues and future directions
Authors
Tomohiko Ichikawa
Hiroyoshi Suzuki
Takeshi Ueda
Akira Komiya
Takashi Imamoto
Satoko Kojima
Publication date
01-11-2005
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology / Issue Special Issue 1/2005
Print ISSN: 0344-5704
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-005-0100-x

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