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Open Access 23-02-2024 | Review

Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM): A Systematic Review

Authors: Jessica Talbot, Gianmarco Convertino, Matteo De Marco, Annalena Venneri, Giuliana Mazzoni

Abstract

Individuals possessing a Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) demonstrate an exceptional ability to recall their own past, excelling most when dates from their lifetime are used as retrieval cues. Fully understanding how neurocognitive mechanisms support exceptional memory could lead to benefits in areas of healthcare in which memory plays a central role and in legal fields reliant on witnesses’ memories. Predominantly due to the rareness of the phenomenon, existing HSAM literature is highly heterogenous in its methodologies used. Therefore, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed the first systematic review on this topic, to collate the existing behavioural, neuroanatomical, and functional HSAM data. Results from the 20 experimental selected studies revealed that HSAM is categorised by rapidly retrieved, detailed and accurate autobiographical memories, and appears to avoid the normal aging process. Functional neuroimaging studies showed HSAM retrieval seems characterised by an intense overactivation of the usual autobiographical memory network, including posterior visual areas (e.g., the precuneus). Structural neuroanatomical differences do not appear to characterise HSAM, but altered hippocampal resting-state connectivity was commonly observed. We discuss theories of HSAM in relation to autobiographical encoding, consolidation, and retrieval, and suggest future directions for this research.

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Readers should note that when occupations are not described within the articles, this does not necessarily mean a HSAM participant is unemployed. News articles on the topic of hyperthymesia have reported that HSAM individuals work in an array of professions, including a professional violinist, radio news anchor and an actress (Stahl, 2014).

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Title: Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM): A Systematic Review
Authors: Jessica Talbot
Gianmarco Convertino
Matteo De Marco
Annalena Venneri
Giuliana Mazzoni
Publication date: 23-02-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Neuropsychology Review
Print ISSN: 1040-7308
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6660
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-024-09632-8

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM): A Systematic Review

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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