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01-09-2014 | Review

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in childhood: from bench to bedside

Authors: Valeria Chirico, Antonio Lacquaniti, Vincenzo Salpietro, Caterina Munafò, Maria Pia Calabrò, Michele Buemi, Teresa Arrigo, Carmelo Salpietro

Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics | Issue 9/2014

Abstract

High-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone nuclear protein that has a dual function. Inside the cell, HMGB1 binds DNA, regulating transcription and determining chromosomal architecture. Outside the cell, HMGB1 activates the innate system and mediates a wide range of physiological and pathological responses. HMGB1 exerts these actions through differential engagement of multiple surface receptors, including Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). HMGB1 is implicated as a late mediator of sepsis and is also involved in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Interestingly, HMGB1 was associated with tumor progression, becoming a potential therapeutic target, due to its involvement in the resistance to chemotherapy. Its implication on the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis and inflammatory bowel diseases has also been evaluated. Moreover, it regulates neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injuries or cerebral infectious diseases. The aim of this review is to analyze these different roles of HMGB1, both in physiological and pathological conditions, discussing clinical and scientific implications in the field of pediatrics. Conclusion: HMGB1 plays a key role in several pediatric diseases, opening new scenarios for diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies development.

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Title: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in childhood: from bench to bedside
Authors: Valeria Chirico
Antonio Lacquaniti
Vincenzo Salpietro
Caterina Munafò
Maria Pia Calabrò
Michele Buemi
Teresa Arrigo
Carmelo Salpietro
Publication date: 01-09-2014
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics / Issue 9/2014
Print ISSN: 0340-6199
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1076
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-014-2327-1

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in childhood: from bench to bedside

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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