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BMC Oral Health
Published in: BMC Oral Health 1/2023

Open Access 01-12-2023 | Research

Heritability of cephalometric variables of airway morphology in twins with completed active growth

Authors: Monika Šidlauskienė, Mantas Šidlauskas, Antanas Šidlauskas, Simonas Juzėnas, Kristina Lopatienė

Published in: BMC Oral Health | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Background

The interplay between genetic and environmental impacts on dental and facial morphology has been widely analyzed, but little is known about their relative contributions to airway morphology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic and environmental influences on the cephalometric variables of airway morphology in a group of postpubertal twins with completed craniofacial growth.

Materials and methods

The materials comprised lateral head cephalograms of 94 pairs of twins (50 monozygotic, 44 dizygotic) with completed craniofacial growth. Zygosity was determined using 15 specific DNA markers. The computerized cephalometric analysis included 22 craniofacial, hyoideal, pharyngeal structural linear and angular variables. Genetic analysis and heritability estimation were performed using maximum likelihood genetic structural equation modeling (GSEM). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the correlations between cephalometric measurement variables.

Results

Upper airway dimensions showed moderate to high genetic determination (SPPW-SPP and U-MPW: a2 = 0.64 and 0.5, respectively). Lower airway parameters showed only common and specific environmental determination (PPW-TPP a2 = 0.24, e2 = 0.38; LPW-V c2 = 0.2, e2 = 0.63; PCV-AH c2 = 0.47, e2 = 0.28). The relationship between the maxilla and the hyoid bone (for variables PNS-AH, ANS-AH d2 = 0.9, 0.92, respectively) showed very strong additive genetic determination. The size of the soft palate was affected by additive and dominant genes. Its length (SPL) was strongly influenced by dominant genes, while its width (SPW) showed a moderate additive genetic influence. Owing to correlations in the behavior of variables, the data could be expressed in 5 principal components that jointly explained 36.8% of the total variance.

Conclusions

The dimensions of the upper airway are strongly determined by genes, while the parameters of the lower airway depend mainly on environmental factors.

Trial registration

The protocol has been approved by the Kaunas Regional Ethical Committee (No. BE – 2–41., May 13, 2020).
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Metadata
Title
Heritability of cephalometric variables of airway morphology in twins with completed active growth
Authors
Monika Šidlauskienė
Mantas Šidlauskas
Antanas Šidlauskas
Simonas Juzėnas
Kristina Lopatienė
Publication date
01-12-2023
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Oral Health / Issue 1/2023
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6831
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-02919-x

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