Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Virology Journal
Published in: Virology Journal 1/2012

Open Access 01-12-2012 | Research

Hepatitis B surface antigen variants in voluntary blood donors in Nanjing, China

Authors: Yang Yong-lin, Fu Qiang, Zhang Ming-shun, Cai Jie, Ma Gui-ming, Huang Zu-hu, Cai Xu-bing

Published in: Virology Journal | Issue 1/2012

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still one of the serious infectious risks for the blood transfusion safety in China. One plausible reason is the emergence of the variants in the major antigenic alpha determinant within the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which have been assumed to evade the immune surveillance and pose a challenge to the disease diagnosis. It is well documented that some commercial ELISA kits could detect the wild-type but not the mutant viruses. The high prevalence of HBV in China also impaired the application of nucleic acid testing (NAT) in the improvement of blood security. Molecular epidemiological study of HBsAg variations in China is still limited. This study was designed to identify the prevalence of mutations in the HBsAg in voluntary blood donors in Nanjing, China.

Methods

A total of 20,326 blood units were enrolled in this study, 39 donors were positive for HBV S gene in the nested-PCR. Mutations in the major hydrophilic region (MHR; aa 99-169) were identified by direct sequencing of S region.

Results

Among of 20,326 blood units in the Red Cross Transfusion Center of Nanjing from October 2008 to April 2009, 296 samples (1.46%, 296/20,326) were HBsAg positive in the 2 successive rounds of the ELISA test. In these HBsAg positive units, HBV S gene could be successfully amplified from 39 donors (13.18%, 39/296) in the nested-PCR. Sequence analysis revealed that 32 strains (82.1%, 32/39) belong to genotype B, 7 strains (17.9%, 7/39) to genotype C. Besides well known G145R, widely dispersed variations in the MHR of S region, were observed in 20 samples of all the strains sequenced.

Conclusions

HBV/B and HBV/C are dominant in Nanjing, China. The mutations in the MHR of HBsAg associated with disease diagnosis are common.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
2.
Wang Y, Jia J: Control of hepatitis B in China: prevention and treatment. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011,9(1):21-25. 10.1586/eri.10.143PubMedCrossRef
3.
Luo Z, Xie Y, Deng M, Zhou X, Ruan B: Prevalence of hepatitis B in the southeast of China: a population-based study with a large sample size. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011,23(8):695-700. 10.1097/MEG.0b013e328347322bPubMedCrossRef
4.
Zhang H, Li Q, Sun J, Wang C, Gu Q, Feng X, Du B, Wang W, Shi X, Zhang S, Li W, Jiang Y, Feng J, He S, Niu J: Seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B infection in an adult population in Northeast China. Int J Med Sci 2011,8(4):321-331. PMCID: 3100740PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
5.
Zhang R, Wang L, Li J: Hepatitis B virus transfusion risk in China: proficiency testing for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen. Transfus Med 2010,20(5):322-328. 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2010.01007.xPubMedCrossRef
6.
Shang G, Yan Y, Yang B, Shao C, Wang F, Li Q, Seed CR: Two HBV DNA+/HBsAg- blood donors identified by HBV NAT in Shenzhen, China. Transfus Apher Sci 2009,41(1):3-7. 10.1016/j.transci.2009.05.001PubMedCrossRef
7.
Shang G, Seed CR, Wang F, Nie D, Farrugia A: Residual risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections in Shenzhen, China, 2001 through 2004. Transfusion 2007,47(3):529-539. 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.01146.xPubMedCrossRef
8.
Lin J: A study on aetiological factors of primary hepato-carcinoma in Tianjin China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1991,12(6):346-349.PubMed
9.
Matsuda C, Moriyama H, Taketani T, Shibata H, Nagai A: One example of false negative hepatitis B surface antigen (EIA) result due to variant S area strain and reagment reactiveness related to hepatitis B surface antigen. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2011,85(1):21-25.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Wu C, Zhang X, Tian Y, Song J, Yang D, Roggendorf M, Lu M, Chen X: Biological significance of amino acid substitutions in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for glycosylation, secretion, antigenicity and immunogenicity of HBsAg and hepatitis B virus replication. J Gen Virol 2010,91(Pt 2):483-492.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Tong W, Sun L, He J, He S, Du F: A novel nucleotide insertion in S gene of hepatitis B virus in a chronic carrier. Virol J 2010, 7: 104. PMCID: 2893152 10.1186/1743-422X-7-104PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
12.
Sayan M, Senturk O, Akhan SC, Hulagu S, Cekmen MB: Monitoring of hepatitis B virus surface antigen escape mutations and concomitantly nucleos(t)ide analog resistance mutations in Turkish patients with chronic hepatitis B. Int J Infect Dis 2010,14(Suppl 3):e136-e141.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Ie SI, Thedja MD, Roni M, Muljono DH: Prediction of conformational changes by single mutation in the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) identified in HBsAg-negative blood donors. Virol J 2010, 7: 326. PMCID: 2998485 10.1186/1743-422X-7-326PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
Velu V, Saravanan S, Nandakumar S, Dhevahi E, Shankar EM, Murugavel KG, Kumarasamy T, Thyagarajan SP: Transmission of "a" determinant variants of hepatitis B virus in immunized babies born to HBsAg carrier mothers. Jpn J Infect Dis 2008,61(1):73-76.PubMed
15.
Miyagawa M, Minami M, Fujii K, Sendo R, Mori K, Shimizu D, Nakajima T, Yasui K, Itoh Y, Taniwaki M, Okanoue T, Yoshikawa T: Molecular characterization of a variant virus that caused de novo hepatitis B without elevation of hepatitis B surface antigen after chemotherapy with rituximab. J Med Virol 2008,80(12):2069-2078. 10.1002/jmv.21311PubMedCrossRef
16.
Guo MZ, Yi Y, Chen SY, Bai Y, Jia ZY, Bi SL: Antigenic properties of mutant hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2008,22(1):48-50.PubMed
17.
Banerjee A, Chandra PK, Datta S, Biswas A, Bhattacharya P, Chakraborty S, Chakrabarti S, Bhattacharya SK, Chakravarty R: Frequency and significance of hepatitis B virus surface gene variant circulating among 'antiHBc only' individuals in Eastern India. J Clin Virol 2007,40(4):312-317. 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.08.009PubMedCrossRef
18.
Thakur V, Kazim SN, Guptan RC, Hasnain SE, Bartholomeusz A, Malhotra V, Sarin SK: Transmission of G145R mutant of HBV to an unrelated contact. J Med Virol 2005,76(1):40-46. 10.1002/jmv.20321PubMedCrossRef
19.
Hsu HY, Chang MH, Ni YH, Chen HL: Survey of hepatitis B surface variant infection in children 15 years after a nationwide vaccination programme in Taiwan. Gut 2004,53(10):1499-1503. PMCID: 1774240 10.1136/gut.2003.034223PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
Mesenas SJ, Chow WC, Zhao Y, Lim GK, Oon CJ, Ng HS: Wild-type and 'a' epitope variants in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002,17(2):148-152. 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02627.xPubMedCrossRef
21.
Xia G, Nainan OV, Jia Z, Wang JJ, Liu HB, Li RC, Cao HL, Liu CB, Margolis HS: Prevalence of mutants in the determinant region of hepatitis B surface antigen among Chinese carriers after receiving only active postexposure immunoprophylaxis. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2001,15(3):212-215.PubMed
22.
van Roosmalen MH, de Jong JJ, Haenen W, Jacobs T, Couwenberg F, Ahlers-de Boer GJ, Hellings JA: A new HBsAg screening assay designed for sensitive detection of HBsAg subtypes and variants. Intervirology 2006,49(3):127-132. 10.1159/000089373PubMedCrossRef
23.
Stramer SL, Zou S, Notari EP, Foster GA, Krysztof DE, Musavi F, Dodd RY: Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus markers in the era of nucleic acid testing: are all tests of value? Transfusion 2011,52(2):440-446.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Ruiz-Aragon J, Marquez-Pelaez S: Assessment of nucleic acid testing (NAT) for screening hepatitis B in blood donors. Systematic review. Invest Clin 2010,51(3):341-349.PubMed
25.
Kosan E, Kocazeybek B, Altunay H, Aymelek M, Alan E, Saribas S, Aslan M, Yenen OS, Yuksel P, Birinci I, Kirali K, Aksoy A: Can the nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) be an alternative to the serologic tests? A prospective study, the results of 18,200 blood donors from the Turkish Red Crescent. Transfus Apher Sci 2010,43(3):269-272. 10.1016/j.transci.2010.09.013PubMedCrossRef
26.
Davidson T, Ekermo B, Gaines H, Lesko B, Akerlind B: The cost-effectiveness of introducing nucleic acid testing to test for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in Sweden. Transfusion 2011,51(2):421-429. 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02877.xPubMedCrossRef
27.
28.
Stolz M, Tinguely C, Graziani M, Fontana S, Gowland P, Buser A, Michel M, Canellini G, Zuger M, Schumacher P, Lelie N, Niederhauser C: Efficacy of individual nucleic acid amplification testing in reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus infection in Switzerland, a low-endemic region. Transfusion 2010,50(12):2695-2706. 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02732.xPubMedCrossRef
29.
Fischinger JM, Stephan B, Wasserscheid K, Eichler H, Gartner BC: A cost-benefit analysis of blood donor vaccination as an alternative to additional DNA testing for reducing transfusion transmission of hepatitis B virus. Vaccine 2010,28(49):7797-7802. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.09.037PubMedCrossRef
30.
Hu XB, Yue QH, Zhang XQ, Xu XQ, Wen Y, Chen YZ, Cheng XD, Yang L, Mu SJ: Hepatitis B virus genotypes and evolutionary profiles from blood donors from the northwest region of China. Virol J 2009, 6: 199. PMCID: 2781008 10.1186/1743-422X-6-199PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
Koyanagi T, Nakamuta M, Sakai H, Sugimoto R, Enjoji M, Koto K, Iwamoto H, Kumazawa T, Mukaide M, Nawata H: Analysis of HBs antigen negative variant of hepatitis B virus: unique substitutions, Glu129 to Asp and Gly145 to Ala in the surface antigen gene. Med Sci Monit 2000,6(6):1165-1169.PubMed
32.
Zhang L, Yan BY, Ji F, Li MS, Song LZ, Xu AQ: The analysis of "a" dominant mutation of hepatitis B virus in community-based population of Shandong Province, China. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2010,24(6):424-426.PubMed
33.
Yuan Q, Ou SH, Chen CR, Ge SX, Pei B, Chen QR, Yan Q, Lin YC, Ni HY, Huang CH, Yeo AE, Shih JW, Zhang J, Xia NS: Molecular characteristics of occult hepatitis B virus from blood donors in southeast China. J Clin Microbiol 2010,48(2):357-362. PMCID: 2815617 10.1128/JCM.01781-09PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
34.
Liu Y, Li P, Li C, Zhou J, Wu C, Zhou YH: Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA among accepted blood donors in Nanjing, China. Virol J 2010, 7: 193. PMCID: 2931482 10.1186/1743-422X-7-193PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
35.
Gerlich WH, Bremer C, Saniewski M, Schuttler CG, Wend UC, Willems WR, Glebe D: Occult hepatitis B virus infection: detection and significance. Dig Dis 2010,28(1):116-125. 10.1159/000282074PubMedCrossRef
36.
Ma Y, Ding Y, Juan F, Dou XG: Genotyping the hepatitis B virus with a fragment of the HBV DNA polymerase gene in Shenyang, China. Virol J 2011, 8: 315. PMCID: 3132165 10.1186/1743-422X-8-315PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
37.
Zheng X, Ye X, Zhang L, Wang W, Shuai L, Wang A, Zeng J, Candotti D, Allain JP, Li C: Characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection from blood donors in China. J Clin Microbiol 2011,49(5):1730-1737. PMCID: 3122685 10.1128/JCM.00145-11PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
Xu L, Wei Y, Chen T, Lu J, Zhu CL, Ni Z, Huang F, Du J, Sun Z, Qu C: Occult HBV infection in anti-HBs-positive young adults after neonatal HB vaccination. Vaccine 2010,28(37):5986-5992. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.106PubMedCrossRef
39.
Kidd-Ljunggren K, Miyakawa Y, Kidd AH: Genetic variability in hepatitis B viruses. J Gen Virol 2002,83(Pt 6):1267-1280.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Seddigh-Tonekaboni S, Lim WL, Young B, Hou JL, Waters J, Luo KX, Thomas HC, Karayiannis P: Hepatitis B surface antigen variants in vaccinees, blood donors and an interferon-treated patient. J Viral Hepat 2001,8(2):154-158. 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2001.00275.xPubMedCrossRef
41.
Weber B: Diagnostic impact of the genetic variability of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen gene. J Med Virol 2006,78(Suppl 1):S59-S65.PubMedCrossRef
Metadata
Title
Hepatitis B surface antigen variants in voluntary blood donors in Nanjing, China
Authors
Yang Yong-lin
Fu Qiang
Zhang Ming-shun
Cai Jie
Ma Gui-ming
Huang Zu-hu
Cai Xu-bing
Publication date
01-12-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Virology Journal / Issue 1/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1743-422X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-9-82

Other articles of this Issue 1/2012

Virology Journal 1/2012 Go to the issue

Research

Attenuation of influenza virus infectivity with herbal-marine compound (HESA-A): an in vitro study in MDCK cells

Research

Prevalence of amino acid mutations in hepatitis C virus core and NS5B regions among Venezuelan viral isolates and comparison with worldwide isolates

Research

Lack of detection of host associated differences in Newcastle disease viruses of genotype VIId isolated from chickens and geese

Research

Enterovirus 71 viral capsid protein linear epitopes: Identification and characterization

Research

Genome and proteome analysis of 7-7-1, a flagellotropic phage infecting Agrobacterium sp H13-3

Research

Frequency of subtype B and F1 dual infection in HIV-1 positive, Brazilian men who have sex with men
Live Webinar | 27-06-2024 | 18:00 (CEST)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Reserve your place

Live: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)

WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.

Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.

Prof. Kevin Dolgin
Prof. Florian Limbourg
Prof. Anoop Chauhan
Developed by: Springer Medicine
Obesity Clinical Trial Summary

At a glance: The STEP trials

Read more

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.

Developed by: Springer Medicine
Image Credits