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Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

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Open Access 01-12-2018 | Review

Hearing impairment in MELAS: new prospective in clinical use of microRNA, a systematic review

Authors: Arianna Di Stadio, Valentina Pegoraro, Laura Giaretta, Laura Dipietro, Roberta Marozzo, Corrado Angelini

Published in: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Issue 1/2018

Abstract

Aim

To evaluate the feasibility of microRNAs (miR) in clinical use to fill in the gap of current methodology commonly used to test hearing impairment in MELAS patients.

Material and method

A literature review was performed using the following keywords, i.e., MELAS, Hearing Loss, Hearing Impairment, Temporal Bone, Otoacustic Emission (OTOAE), Auditory Brain Response (ABR), and microRNA. We reviewed the literature and focused on the aspect of the temporal bone, the results of electrophysiological tests in human clinical studies, and the use of miR for detecting lesions in the cochlea in patients with MELAS.

Results

In patients with MELAS, Spiral Ganglions (SG), stria vascularis (SV), and hair cells are damaged, and these damages affect in different ways various structures of the temporal bone. The function of these cells is typically investigated using OTOAE and ABR, but in patients with MELAS these tests provide inconsistent results, since OTOAE response is absent and ABR is normal. The normal ABR responses are unexpected given the SG loss in the temporal bone.

Recent studies in humans and animals have shown that miRs, and in particular miRs 34a, 29b, 76, 96, and 431, can detect damage in the cells of the cochlea with high sensitivity. Studies that focus on the temporal bone aspects have reported that miRs increase is correlated with the death of specific cells of the inner ear.

MiR − 9/9* was identified as a biomarker of human brain damage, miRs levels increase might be related to damage in the central auditory pathways and these increased levels could identify the damage with higher sensitivity and several months before than electrophysiological testing.

Conclusion

We suggest that due to their accuracy and sensitivity, miRs might help monitor the progression of SNHL in patients with MELAS.

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Title: Hearing impairment in MELAS: new prospective in clinical use of microRNA, a systematic review
Authors: Arianna Di Stadio
Valentina Pegoraro
Laura Giaretta
Laura Dipietro
Roberta Marozzo
Corrado Angelini
Publication date: 01-12-2018
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases / Issue 1/2018
Electronic ISSN: 1750-1172
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-018-0770-1

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Hearing impairment in MELAS: new prospective in clinical use of microRNA, a systematic review

Abstract

Aim

Material and method

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Aim

Material and method

Results

Conclusion

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